Mr. Scott exam review for WFHS

Which statement would Louis XIV, Philip II, and Peter the Great most likely support?

"The king is entitled to unquestioning obedience."

Which phrase best completes this graphic organizer?

Building thousands of miles of roads

In School of Athens, Italian painter Rephael imagines a gathering of great thinkers and scientists. Why did he include Renaissance artists in the scene?

Renaissance artists considered their ideas equal with contributions by great thinkers and scientists. They recognized that their own time period was special and revolutionary

Based on the information shown on this map, most manufactured goods were produced in

Europe

What was one main reason why slave trading greatly expanded beginning around the 1500s?

Europeans started depending on slaves for free labor in the new colonies

Which did geography most affect early Japan?

Much of Japan was too mountainous to farm, so people settled in river valleys and along the coast

Select the statement that best analyzes the critical role that the structure shown in the photo plays in Islam?

Muhammad destroyed the idols at the Kaaba and rededicated it to Allah, making it the holiest place in Islam.

From Jerusalem and the city of Constantinople comes a grevious report. An accursed race . . . has violently invaded the land of the Christians and has depopulated them by pillage and fire." With these words, Pope Urban II called for the overthrow of . . .

Muslim Turks in the Holy Land

Years of conflict among European nations were causing people to look for more peaceful societies.

Natural laws were used to explain human affairs

With which statement would Enlightenment thinker John Locke have agreed?

People have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights

Beginning in the ninth century, Islamic scholars began to study the Greek geometrical work of Euclid and the numeration concepts of India. Their analysis and expansion of these works led them to create and name which vital area of mathematics?

algebra

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are influential world religions. Which of the following is a similarity all three religions share?

all trace their roots to Abraham

The Great Enclosure, a portion of which is shown here, is one of the two major ruins of Great Zimbabwe. Why would the ruler of Great Zimbabwe build such a tremendous structure?

as a way for the ruler to show off his power and the kingdom's wealth

Which situation was a direct result of the Protestant Reformation in western Europe?

The religions of the people of Europe became more diverse

The Prophet Mohammad taught that the "dhimmi", or People of the Book, should be treated with tolerance and respect by Muslims. Dhimmi were given religious autonomy and had to pay only a small tax to the caliphate. Who are the dhimmi that the Prophet accorded this special status?

believers in Judaism and Christianity

Read the passage from Copernicus to answer the question. "Diligent reader, in this work, which has just been created and published, you have the motions of the fixed stars and planets, as these motions have been reconstituted [reconstructed] on the basis of ancient as well as recent observations, and have moreover been embellished by new and marvelous hypotheses. You also have most convenient tables, from which you will be able to compute those motions with the utmost ease for any time whatever. Therefore buy, read, and enjoy [this work]" "Let no one untrained in geometry enter here." -- Nicholas Copernicus of Torun, Six Books on the Revolutions' of the Heavenly Spheres.

combining old and new observations

What caused the West African kingdom of Ghana to grow powerful, wealthy, and to incorporate Islamic values and ideas in its society and government?

commerce and Islam spread by Arab invaders

Which situation was an immediate cause for the collapse of the Aztec civilization?

conquest by foreigners

What was one effect on the expansion of Islam between 632 and 750?

cultural and commercial connections were established over a sizable region

Which statement, described in the passage, describes a major effect that increased Indian Ocean trade had on the East African city states? "By the 600s, sailors had learned that the annual monsoon winds could carry sailing ships plying the waters of the Indian Ocean between India and Africa. On the East African coast, rulers took advantages of the opportunities for trade that these winds of the Indian Ocean provided. They welcomed ships from Arabia, Persia, and China. From India, Southeast Asia, and China came cotton cloth, silk, spices, porcelain, glassware and swords."

the region became a center for multiculturalism and cultural diffusion

Some of the characteristics of Muslim art include

the use of calligraphy, geometric shapes, and an arabesque style

Which statement about Louis XIV is an opinion rather than a fact?

the wars he engaged in were the least successful in the history of France

What central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implicit in this quotation? "Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and --I shall boldly add --- all can be theologians." -- Erasmus

to make religion more accessible by translating the Bibel into the vernacular

What characteristic was shared by all the important scientists of the Scientific Revolution?

truth is only achievable through a process of inquiry and observation

Petrarch's work was an example of typical Renaissance characteristics because he

valued education and classical learning

Which of these remained true following the Great Schism?

western Christians accepted the authority of the pope in Rome.

Which phrase best completes the chart showing causes of European exploration? Desire to spread Christianity, the drive to explore, to compete with other European countries, ____?"

desire for direct access to the valuable Asian spice trade

One way in which the Aztec and Inca civilizations are similar is that they both

developed advanced architectural techniques

In order to protect liberty, Montesquieu proposed that

governments be divided into separate branches

The commodities gold and salt were important to many regions of West Africa because they

helped create great wealth and vast trade networks that spread new ideas

Why was the work of Andreas Vesalius so important to medicine

his book accurately describing human anatomy helped other medical scientists' research and discoveries

Leonardo da Vinci is often referred to as a true "Renaissance Man." Why has he comes to symbolize the spirit of the era?

his interests and body of work spanned many subjects, media, and disciplines, reflecting the quest for knowledge and the spirit of creative adventure that embodied the Renaissance era.

Following the death of Muhammad in 632, what problem did Muslims have to solve immediately?

how to choose a leader who would follow the teachings of Muhammad

Why did the shogun hold all the real power in the 1400s?

military strength was the only real power at the time

At the event depicted here, King John committed himself to the idea that

monarchs were obliged to obey the law

What was the impact on Europe of the disease described below? "We see death coming into our midst like black smoke, a plague which cuts off the young, a rootless phantom which has no mercy or fair countenance. Woe is me . . . it is an ugly eruoption that comes with unseemly haste. It is agrievous ornament that breaks out in a rash. The early ornaments of black death." -Jevan Gethin

one-third of the population of Europe died, production declined, and the cost of labor soared

Read the text that follows and then answer the question below: "For nearly 2, 000 years, the Silk Road stretched across Asia and Europe. It was actually a network of land and some sea routes that allowed people from very different regions to exchange ideas, beliefs, and goods. By the end of the 15th century, European explorers began searching for alternate routes to places such as China, India, and Japan. Their search led them on voyages of discovery across the mysterious Atlantic Ocean. One of the main reasons for making these voyages was the strong desire to find out what was on the far side of that ocean. Which statement summarizes another motivation for voyages of exploration?

overland routes were controlled by the Turkish Empire and were becoming to costly for Europeans wishing to buy and sell goods from Asia

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in this painting by Leonardo da Vinci?

perspective and realism

Complete the sentence with the best answer. "In 1040 the Church forbade the barons to make any attack on each other between sunset on Wednesday and sunrise on the following Monday, or upon any exxlesiastical fast or feast day . . on pain of excommunication." This except illustrates the . . .

power of the Church in medieval Europe

The scientific theories developed by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton resulted in

challenges to the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church

The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights led the English government to develop a political system in which

rulers were responsible to the people

The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights led the English government to develop a poltical system in which . .

rulers were responsible to the people

Martin Luther helped shape the Protestant Reformation by

successfully challenging abuses of the Catholic Church

What happened in France as a result of the Hundred Years' War?

the French kings moved to strengthen the monarchy

Explain the point of view of this old African proverb: "salt comes from the north, gold from the south . . but the treasures of wisdom are to be found only in Timbuktu."

the author was explaining how Tumbuktu, as a center of learning, was just as important as other precious commodities

Which answer best categorizes the importance of the items listed in the chart?

the fundamental duties comprising the Pillars of Islam

How did the Hundred Year' War affect the medieval structure of feudalism, in which vassals owed military service to the king?

the need for larger, standing armies with greater mobility made the vassal system obsolete

What led to the Sunni-Shi'a split?

a disagreement about who should succeed the Prophet Mohammed

What did Zen Buddhism contribute to Japanese culture?

a focus on self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty

What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?

a heliocentric perspective

Rousseau wrote, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." What kind of government did he favor in order to insure greater freedom?

a popularly elected government

Which statement might be an accurate description of a serf's life?

a serf was bound to the land upon which he or she worked

In feudal Japan, what group was like a "lord" in Europe?

Daimyo

Which thinker is credited with establishing the basic principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and motion?

Isaac Newton

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . ." - the U.S. Declaration of Independence Which Enlightenment thinker MOST directly influenced the notion expressed in this passage?

John Locke

Which area served as a cultural bridge between early China and Japan?

Korea

During Lorenzo's rule of Florence, in which years did he probably have more money to spend on the arts?

1469-1481

Which geographic feature had the greatest influence on the pre-Columbian development of the Inca Empire?

Andes Mountains

Which group of people is represented by this migration pattern?

Bantu

Use the chart above to answer the following question: According to the chart, where did most African slaves end up as a result of the Triangular Trade Route?

Caribbean and South America

Which title best completes the partial outline below? "Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe." "Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa." "Enslaved Africans to the Americas"

Elements of Triangular Trade

Who led the expedition referenced in the text? "On September 8, 1522, nearly three years after setting out, the survivors - one ship and 18 sailors - reached Spain. The survivors had been the first people to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. Antionio Pigafetta, one of the few survivors of the expedition, observed: "I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage."

Ferdinand Magellan

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Islam and the government?

Government deicisions are based on Islamic laws and beliefs

What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance?

Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type

How was Sonni Ali able to turn Songhai into such a wealthy kingdom?

He brought trade routes under Songhai's control, allowing the kingdom to flourish

Which of the following conclusions about the slave trade is most valid based on the historical record?

It affected millions of Africans

How did Balboa's discovery affect European exploration?

It encouraged explorers to seek a direct sea route to the Pacific and the East Indies

How does Shakespeare's play, "Julius Caesar", reflect central literary themes common throughout the Renaissance?

It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects

How did Justinian's Code have an impact beyond the Byzantine Empire?

It later guided the development of present-day international law

How does this image BEST show a result of the Columbian Exchange?

It shows horses brought to the Americas from Europe being adapted by Native Americans

How does this illustration of a manor illustrate that the manor was at the heart of the feudal economy?

It shows that the manor was a self-sufficient community that could grown its own food and attend to its religious needs

"When Genji beheld this beautiful scene from his carriage, he at once rememered it was a place he had seen before. He stopped his carriage, and said to Koremitz, who was with him as usual . . ." - Murasaki Shibuku, Tale of Genji Which statement is true of the work from which this excerpt has been taken?

It was the world's first full-length novel

Which there are similarities between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, there are also many differences. Which of the following is ONLY a Christian belief?

Jesus is considered the Messiah

What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation? "I have cast the die . . . I will not reconcile myself to them [the Roman Catholic Church] for all eternity . . . Let them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I will do as much for them . . . Now I no longer fear and I am publishing a book in the German tonegue about Christian reform, directed against the pope, in langauge as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist." --Martin Luther, 1520.

Luther's rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant

In this 1325 world map, Mali ruler Mansa Musa is offering gold to a trader. What does this image say about Mansa Musa and the Mali empire?

Mansa Musa was a successful ruler and the Kingdom of Mali was rich in both wealth and culture

Use the map to answer the following question: What can be inferred about the slave trade in Africa?

The Europeans had more footholds on coastal Africa than the inland areas

In which of the following ways did the philosophy of John Locke inspire the founders of the United States?

The founders agreed that a ruler should not have power over them without their consent and that the people had the right to remove the ruler from power if their rights were infringed upon

In 1572, this scientist found a new start, Cassiopeia. His discovery proved that the universe was active, not fixed or static

Tyco Brahe

How would you BEST describe the factors contributing to the development of the political and social system of feudalism?

Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars invaded Europe at a time of political weakness

The Russian adoption of Orthodox Christianity and of the Cyrillic alphabet demonstrates the

influence of the Byzantine Empire

What aspect of this painting by Northern European artist Pieter Bruegel differs from the work of Italian Renaissance painters?

it focuses on the realities of peasant life

What was the political impact of Machiavelli's book, "The Prince"?

it made people reconsider views of government and political power

According to the chart above, the head of the Lutheran Church is an elected council. Why is this an important difference from the organization of the Catholic Church?

it means that members of the church derived their own authority from God and the Bible rather than from the pope.

Which statement describes the Muslim office of caliph?

it was a political and religious position for government leaders

What is the main feature of a constitutional government?

its power is defined and limited by law

Which word or phrase belongs under ONLY the John Calvin portion of the diagram?

predestination

What was a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire?

preservation of Green and Roman culture

The most important reason Emperor Justinian might have commissioned the building of the Hagia Sophia was to

solidify his power and show his committment to Christianity