MTIOC FINALS ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES

Carbon Monoxide

"incomplete combustion" will also yield

Vinyl Chloride

- is used in the manufacture of floor tiles, raincoats, fabrics, furniture covers and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) a plastic

Isomerization

- rearrangement of molecular structures

mineral oil

However, mixtures of high-molecular-weight liquid alkanes, sold in drugstores under the name ______ ______, soften and moisten skin, like Petroleum jelly

dehydrogenation

Hydrogen is lost from an organic compound during

ethene

IUPAC name of ethylene

Chlorination

If the specific halogen used in the reaction of halogenation is "chlorine", the reaction

colorless, odorless, and tasteless

In any state, alkanes are ________ _______ _______organic compounds.

Halogenation of Alkanes

In this type of reaction, a "halogen" is substituted for a hydrogen atom.

Coal

It consists of a complex mixture of mostly high-molecular alicyclic, heterocyclic, saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons formed from the original residues of plant matter.

meth,eth,prop,but,pent,hex,hept,oct,non,dec,undec,dodec,tridec,tetradec, pentadec,hexodec,heptadec

Recite the prefixes for 1-17

2 billion years ago

The oldest reservoir discovered up to now was formed about _____ _______ ______concurring with the existence of primitive life forms.

ethylene

The simplest alkene is

do not vomit

What you should do if you swallowed liquid alkanes

homologous series

When each member of a series differs from the next member by a CH2 group, the series is called a

Alkanes

are straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms

Alkenes

are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one (1) carbon-to-carbon double bond

Cracking

breaking up large molecules Alkane to form smaller ones (Alkane + Alkene).

1/Primary

carbon is bonded to one other carbon

3- Tertiary

carbon is bonded to three other carbons

4- Quaternary

carbon is bonded to three other carbons

2- Secondary

carbon is bonded to two other carbons

Kerosene

contains about C10 to C14, boiling range 200 - 275C

Fuel Oil and Diesel Fuel

contains about C14 to C18, boiling range 275 - 350C

Lubricating Oil

contains about C16 to C20, boiling higher than 350C

Gasoline

contains about C4 to C12, boiling range 20 - 200C

Liquid alkanes

dissolve these oils and cause the skin to dry out.

Alkanes

each carbon atom is joined to four other atoms by four single covalent bonds.

Cyclooctene

has been shown to exist in both cis and trans-forms.

RX

indicates a halogen atom attached to an alkyl group

SUFFIX

indicates the family of the carbon compound or the name ending of the compound.

STEM

indicates the number of carbon atoms in the "backbone" or the "parent chain" of the molecule. It answers the question: "how many carbons are present"?

Elimination Reaction

is a reaction in which a single reactant is split into two products, and one of the products is eliminated.

Substitution Reaction

is a reaction wherein one atom in a molecule is exchanged by another atom or group of atoms.

Coal

is an additional source of some hydrocarbons.

Natural Gas

is formed by the anaerobic decay of plants and animals (putrefaction).

methane

is generated from organic matter by fermentation or putrefaction.

crude oil

is mostly found in sedimentary rocks, such as limestone, sandstone and clay, which are part of ocean sediments

Vaseline

is one brand a mixture of solid and liquid hydrocarbons also used to protect skin.

Methane

is the first member of the alkane series

Propane

is the main component of liquified gas which, compressed in steel bottles, is being used as heating fuel

Halogenation

is used extensively in the manufacture of petrochemicals

X

letter that is commonly used to indicate a "halogen" atom.

methane

main component of natural gas

Trans

means two groups on opposite side

Cis

means two groups on the same side

Residue (used for greases, tars, and asphalt)

more than C20

Crude oil or petroleum

not a pure compound but a mixture of hundreds of compounds of which hydrocarbons represent the majority

cyclic

other name of alipathic

Monosubstitution

refers to a type of substitution reaction where one hydrogen atom in an organic molecule is substituted by another atom or by a group of atoms.

Methane

simplest organic compound. It is one of the gases arising from marshes

1957

the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) came up with a systematic way of naming organic compounds known as the IUPAC System of Nomenclature.

PREFIX

the attachments to the longest continuous carbon chain or "backbone". They are the side chains or substituents. The substituents present in organic compounds are indicated by the prefix. In alkanes, the substituents or side-chains are called "alkyl group

When carbon atoms are reduced

they often form additional bonds to "hydrogen".

When carbon atoms are oxidized

they often form additional bonds to "oxygen" to form "carbon dioxide" and "water"

Geneva, Switzerland in 1892

A meeting in _______ _____ ________ initiated the development of an international system for naming compounds

Petroleum (crude oil)

A. is a thick (viscous) black liquid found underground consisting of a mixture of hundreds to thousands of different alkanes with varying amounts of sulfur-, oxygen-, and nitrogen- containing organic compounds.

insoluble

Alkanes are _____ in water

non-polar

Alkanes are non-polar or polar?

liquids

Alkanes from 6 to 17 carbons, are ______

saturated

Alkanes is saturated or unsaturated

partial oxidation of methane.

An alternate commercial preparation of alkyne is by the

increase

Both melting and boiling points of saturated hydrocarbons ________ with increasing molecular weight.

Vinyl

CH2=CH (Vinyl of allyl)

Allyl

CH2=CHCH2 (Vinyl of allyl)

oxidation-reduction reactions

Carbon like most elements can undergo ______-______ reactions

alkanes and cycloalkanes

Crude oil are mainly composed of

Alicyclic

Cycloalkanes are called

less

Each liquid alkane has a slightly different density, but all are _______ dense than water

CnH2n+2

General Formula of Alkanes

CnH2n

General Formula of Alkene

CnH2n+1

General formula for alkyl groups

CnH2n

General formula of Cycloalkanes

solid

Larger alkanes are (17 and above carbons)

lungs and skin

Liquid alkanes can cause damage to _____ and ______

gases

Low molecular weight alkanes, including cycloalkanes, up to about 5 carbons, are ______ at room temperature.

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Meaning of IUPAC

Combustible

Nearly all alkanes are?

secondary deposits

Oil reservoirs such formed represent 80% of total crude oil deposits. The areas of these deposits are called

Paraffins which means little affinity

Other name of Alkanes

olefins or vinyl compounds

Other name of Alkenes

marsh gas or biogas

Other names of methan

Alkyl halides

RX represents class of compound called?

Carbon Dioxide and Water

The "complete combustion" of alkane gives only two products: ___________ and ________

unsaturated

The Alkenes and Alkynes and even Aromatic Compounds (saturated or unsaturated)

"chemically inert" (very volatile).

The chief chemical property of alkanes (including cycloalkanes) is that they are

cycloalkanes, or cycloparaffins, or naphthenes

The first of this category of organic compounds are the cyclic, or closed-chain alkanes which are called

"burn", a property called "combustion".

The most important chemical property of alkanes is that they ________ _______ ______

Alkenes

These compounds occur abundantly in nature, and many have important biological roles.

Carbon Monoxide

a colorless, odorless, but highly poisonous gas because it strongly combines with hemoglobin and prevents the transport of oxygen to the tissues.

Addition Reaction

a reaction wherein two reactants are added together to form a single product. Addition reaction can be thought of as the "reverse" of elimination reaction.

Alkanes

aliphatic compound

top/ it floats

alkanes stay at the _____ of the water

methane

also one of the gases produced from intestinal putrefaction

not poisonous

are alkenes poisonous or not

Isoparaffins

are branched-chain alkanes.

Stereoisomers

are compounds that have the same structural formulas but different three-dimensional shapes

Alkanes

are found in nature mainly in natural gas and crude oil from which they are produced on a technical scale in large amounts by distillation and extraction

dehydrogenation, cracking, and isomerization

are of great importance in the production of motor fuels and petrochemicals

Cycloalkanes

are represented by polygons in skeletal drawings