Multiple Choice

After two years of regularly smoking cigarettes, Bernadette is preparing to quit. Which of the following symptoms of nicotine withdrawal is she most likely to experience when she first discontinues working? A. Anxiety B. Drowsiness C. Diminished appetite D. Insensitivity to Pain

A. Anxiety

The process of imprinting involves the formation of A. Attachment B. Identity C. Epigenetic effect D. Theory of mind

A. Attachment

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inn by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using the memory aid known as A. Chunking B. Spacing effect C. Automatic processing D. The peg-word system

A. Chunking

The tendency to see complete letters on a neon sign, even though some of the bulbs are burned out, illustrates the principle of A. Closure B. Relative luminance C. Proximity D. continuity

A. Closure

Three hours after going to sleep, Bernadette's heart rate increases, her rethink becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Bernadette is A. Dreaming B. Emitting Delta Waves C. About the Sleepwalk D. Experiencing a night terror

A. Dreaming

The study of respondent behavior is to ___ as the study of operant behavior is to ____. A. Pavlov; Skinner B. Thorndike; Skinner C. Skinner; Thorndike D. Thorndike; Pavlov

A. Pavlov; Skinner

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of A. Perceptual set. B. Subliminal stimulation. C. Sensory adaptation. D. Bottom-up processing.

A. Perceptual set.

To learn about the tv viewing habits of all the children attending the bulldog school, professor grimes randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the schools students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be A. Population B. Representative sample C. Independent variable D. Control condition

A. Population

Nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ____________. A. REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep B. Delta waves; alpha waves C. NREM-3 sleep; NREM-1 sleep D. NREM-1 sleep; REM sleep

A. REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, any only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of A. Successive approximations B. Delayed reinforcement C. Classical conditioning D. Secondary reinforcement

A. Successive approximations

In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of books are repeatedly presented with a loud noise. In this fictional example, the loud noise is a ____. A. Unconditioned stimulus B. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned stimulus D. Conditioned response

A. Unconditioned stimulus

Identical twins originate from the fertilization of A. a single egg cell by a single sperm cell B. two egg cells by a single sperm cell C. a single egg cell by two sperm cells D. two egg cells by two sperm cells

A. a single egg cell by a single sperm cell

Children's anxiety over separation from parents peaks at around _____ months and then gradually declines. A. 2 B. 13 C. 21 D. 30

B. 13

Attention to her long-term educational goals enables Amy to avoid thoughtlessly overindulging her immediate pleasure seeking impulses. This best illustrates the adaptive value of A. Change blindness B. Consciousness C. The Cocktail Party Effect D. The Pop-Out Phenomenon

B. Conciousness

According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ______ stage. A. Preoperational B. Concrete operational C. Formal operational D. Sensorimotor

B. Concrete operational

One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology involves a focus on A. Conception and prenatal development B. Continuity and stages C. Cognitive development D. Economic development

B. Continuity and stages

Repeated rehearsal of your teachers' lectures and reading assignments leads to lasting memories thanks to the neural process of A. ECT B. LTP C. Encoding specificity D. Priming

B. LTP

The greatest difficulty facing contemporary parapsychology is the A. Inability to subject claims of ESP to scientific testing. B. Lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon. C. Willingness of many experts to accept fraudulent evidence. D. Difficulty of persuading many ordinary people that there really is such a thing as ESP

B. Lack of a reproducible ESP phenomenon.

Memory of your familiar old email password may block recall of your new password. This illustrates A. Source Amnesia B. Retroactive Interference C. Repression D. Proactive Interference

B. Retroactive Interference

After gazing at an angry face, you immediately turn to look at a morphed blend of an angry and a scared face. The face appears scared to you. This best illustrates the impact of A. Weber's law B. Sensory adaptation C. Subliminal sensation D. Prosopagnosia

B. Sensory adaptation

Mr Stark frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr Stark's contribution to the gender typing of his children will most likely be highlighted by. A. Freudian psychology B. Social learning theory C. Cultural neuroscience D. Evolutionary psychology

B. Social learning theory

Three-year-olds were shown a model of a room with a miniature stuffed dog placed behind a miniature couch. By using the model to locate an actual stuffed dog behind a couch in a real room, the children demonstrated their capacity for: A. Egocentrism B. Symbolic thinking C. Conservatism D. Concrete operational reasoning

B. Symbolic thinking

When Adam observed his sister being scolded after she hit another child, Adam also discontinued hitting other children. This best illustrates the impact of A. Latent learning B. Vicarious punishment C. Instinctive drift D. Intrinsic motivation

B. Vicarious punishment

Neurons are surrounded by ________, which guide neural connections and mop up ions and neurotransmitters A. endorphins B. glial cells C. hormones D. agonists

B. glial cells

Which brain cells play a role in learning and memory by communicating with neurons? A. endorphins B. glial cells C. agonists D. myelin cells

B. glial cells

Professor Bronn's research involves assessing the interactive impact of specific chromosome segments and unhealthy peer relationships on the development of alcohol use disorder. Her research most clearly illustrates the specialty area known as _____ A. evolutionary psychology B. molecular behavior genetics C. heritability studies D. epigenetics

B. molecular behavior genetics

During open brain surgery, Ben's left ankle twitched whenever the surgeon electrically stimulated a specific area within Ben's A. left frontal lobe B. right frontal lobe C. left parietal lobe D. right parietal lobe

B. right frontal lobe

On a 10 item test, three students in professor Rhee's advanced chemistry seminar received scores of 2, 5, and 8, respectively. For this distribution of test scores, the standard deviation is equal to the square root of A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 9

C. 6

Robb spends a lot of money on luxury possessions in order to win the sexual affections of women he finds attractive. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute his behavior to A. Social scripts B. A universal moral grammar C. A sexual overperception bias D. Genetic predispositions

C. A sexual overperception bias

Barry was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the field. Which of the filling drugs were the players most likely using? A. Morphine derivatives B. Marijuana C. Amphetamines D. Barbiturates

C. Amphetamines

A full week after Usha heard her mother read her a list of 12 different farm animals, Usha is most likely to remember the animals ___ of the list. A. At the beginning and end B. At the end C. At the beginning D. In the middle

C. At the beginning

Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on the knob like terminals at the end of the A. Dendrites B. Cell body C. Axon D. Myelin sheath

C. Axon

Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to A. Social development B. Physical development C. Cognitive development D. Economic development

C. Cognitive development

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of A. Conditioned stimuli B. Unconditioned stimuli C. Cognitive processes D. Instinctive drift

C. Cognitive processes

To discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researches are most likely to use A. The study case approach B. Naturalistic observation C. Correlational measures D. Experimental research

C. Correlational measures

If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ___ into your bloodstream A. endorphins B. acetylcholine C. epinephrine D. insulin

C. Epinephrine

The Harlow's infant monkeys used an artificial cloth mother as a secure base for A. Conservation B. Delay of gratification C. Exploration D. Object permanence

C. Exploration

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was A. Insults or compliments B. Physical appearance C. Interpersonal attraction D. Feelings of self esteem.

C. Interpersonal attraction

To detect Mr. Harvey's loss of brain tissue from a degenerative disease, his physicians are most likely to request that he receive a A. EEG B. brain lesion C. MRI scan D. PET scan

C. MRI scan

Mrs. Farrah, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received A. LSD B. Cocaine C. Marijuana D. Heroin

C. Marijuana

When the Moon is near the horizon, it appears larger than when it is high in the sky. This effect is primarily a result of A. The slightly dimmer appearance of the horizon Moon. B. The scattering of the horizon Moon's light waves, which penetrate the atmosphere at an angle. C. Monocular distance cues, which make the horizon Moon seem farther away. D. The brighter appearance of the horizon moon

C. Monocular distance cues, which make the horizon Moon seem farther away.

Which of the following would you MOST likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries? A. Men and women earning approximately the same salaries B. More women than men holding elected offices C. More men than women involved in fistfights D. Men and women sharing equally in the duties of child raising.

C. More men than women involved in fistfights

In a publisher report of a research study on social anxiety, a psychologist included a 30 item questionnaire which they had used to assess levels of social anxiety. The psychologist have thus provided the readers with a A. Hypothesis B. Independent variable C. Operational definition D. Double blind procedure

C. Operational Definition

Perceiving a facial image as that of an old woman rather than that of a young woman may depend on which of the two other less ambiguous facial drawings was viewed first. This best illustrates the importance of A. Difference thresholds. B. A masking stimulus. C. Perceptual set. D. Subliminal stimulation.

C. Perceptual set.

In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the researchers are studying the effects of. A. Sensory adaptation B. The just noticeable difference C. Priming D. Prosopagnosia

C. Priming

The distance between our right and left eyes functions to provide us with a cue for depth perception known as A. Proximity B. Interposition C. Retinal disparity D. Linear perspective

C. Retinal disparity

Because Mr. Pavlov demonstrates appreciation only for very good classroom answers, his students have stopped participating in class. Mr. Pavlov most clearly needs to be informed of the value of A. Generalization B. Spontaneous recovery C. Shaping D. Partial reinforcement

C. Shaping

To assess attachment differences among infants, Mary Ainsworth placed them in a laboratory setting called a: A. Formal operational stage B. Secure base C. Strange situation D. Safe haven

C. Strange situation

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that A. Intelligence is inherited B. More intelligent parents provide their children with greater educational opportunities than do less intelligent parents. C. The intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated. D. All of these statements are correct.

C. The intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.

Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires A. Implicit memory B. Automatic processing C. Working memory D. Deep processing

C. Working memory

The study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior is known as A. molecular genetics B. epigenetics C. behavior genetics D. genome research

C. behavior genetics

Mathematical computations by a computer are faster than your quickest mathematical computations because the top speed of a neural impulse is about _______ times slower than the speed of electricity in a computer. A. 3 hundred B. 3 thousand C. 3 hundred thousand D. 3 million

D. 3 Million

Professor Snow emphasizes that gender similarities and differences are products of a continuous interplay among genetically predisposed traits, culturally shaped roles, and personally constructed expectations and assumptions. The professor's emphasis best illustrates A. Collectivism B. Androgyny C. Gender typing D. A biopsychosocial approach

D. A biopsychosocial approach

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams A. Strengthen our memories of the preceding day's events. B. Reflect one's level of cognitive development C. Prepare us for the stress and challenges of the following day D. Are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

D. Are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

At age 12, caleb is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self image. It is most likely that his parents are: A. Permissive B. Authoritarian C. Conservative D. Authoritative

D. Authoritative

Damage to the ____ would most likely interfere with a person's memory of how to play the piano. A. Hippocampus B. Amygdala C. Hypothalamus D. Basal ganglia

D. Basal ganglia

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is A. Limbic system, brainstem, cerebral cortex B. Brainstem, cerebral cortex, limbic system C. Limbic system, cerebral cortex, brainstem D. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

D. Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

Instead of simply repeating a series of numbers he wants to remember, David mentally associates the numbers with meaningful dates such as his friends' birthdays. This best illustrates A. Chunking B. Automatic processing C. Procedural memory D. Deep processing

D. Deep processing

At 1 am, Stuart gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of A. Alpha waves B. Sleep spindles C. REM Sleep D. Delta Waves

D. Delta Waves

Violet's intensely uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms following heroin use were probably due in part to a reduction in her body's normal production of A. Dopamine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Endorphins

D. Endorphins

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of A. Spontaneous recovery B. Discrimination C. An unconditioned response D. Generalization

D. Generalization

Early in the twentieth century, a group of German psychologists noticed that people tend to organize a cluster of sensations into a(n) A. Parallel process B. Monocular cue C. Afterimage D. Gestalt

D. Gestalt

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Howard enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to A. Be easily awakened B. Have slower, more regular breathing C. Emit slower brain waves D. Have very relaxed muscles

D. Have very relaxed muscles

ASD rates are _____ among elite math students and they are _____ among children and grandchildren of engineers A. Lower; higher B. Higher; lower C. Lower; lower D. Higher; higher

D. Higher; higher

Following brain injury from a brutal knife attack, Mike is unable to consciously recall or recognize what a knife is. But he still shows a conditioned fear response to the sight of a knife. His conditioned reaction best indicates that he retains a(n) _____________ memory. A. Sensory B. Repressed C. Working D. Implicit

D. Implicit

Which of the following questions would best enable you to remember that you saw the word PEACH on today's test? A. Does the word rhyme with teach? B. Is the word italicized? C. Does the word contain five letters? D. Is the word a type of fruit?

D. Is the word a type of fruit?

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that A. Physical attractiveness has no causal influence on dating frequency B. More frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness C. It is impossible to predict levels of physical attractiveness based on knowledge of dating frequency. D. Less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.

D. Less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.

Children in adoptive homes are ________ likely than average to experience parental neglect and abuse. They have typically grown up to be ________ altruistic than average. A. More; less B. More; more C. Less; less D. Less; more

D. Less; more

A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers A. The release of endorphins B. More intense neural impulses C. The release of GABA D. More neurons to fire, and to fire more often

D. More neurons to fire, and to fire more often

Leonard is a young adolescent who hopes to achieve the muscular development and gain the height that will enable him to be an outstanding high school basketball player. The hormone production that will help facilitate his goal is most closely associated with A. REM Sleep B. NREM 1-Sleep C. NREM- 2 Sleep D. NREM 3 Sleep

D. NREM 3 Sleep

When Henry's little brother accidentally locked himself inside his mother's car, Henry used his mother's car key to unlock the door. Henry's action could be best described as A. Unconditioned response B. Respondent behavior C. Spontaneous recovery D. Operant behavior

D. Operant behavior

Children learn to associate their pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar. This best illustrates the process A. Observational learning B. Respondent behavior C. Spontaneous recovery D. Operant conditioning

D. Operant conditioning

According to Weber's law, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum A. Shape B. Distance C. Intensity D. Proportion

D. Proportion

To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Maggie sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Maggie is ensuring that her survey results are accelerate by using A. Random assignment B.Naturalistic observation C. Replication D. Random sampling

D. Random Sampling

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him to speak, his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a clearly spoken word, and finally only for a complete sentence. The teacher is using the method of A. Secondary reinforcement B. Delayed reinforcement C. Spontaneous recovery D. Shaping

D. Shaping

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history. This best illustrates the dangers of A. Proactive Interference B. Positive Transfer C. Implicit Memory D. Source Amnesia

D. Source Amnesia

Although Glenn's psychology class is sometimes longer or shorter than usual, on average each class is 50 minutes. If the lengths of these classes form a normal curve , which statistic would enable Glenn to estimate the probability that any single class will last somewhere between 47 and 53 minutes? A. Range B. Median C. Correlation D. Standard deviation

D. Standard deviation

Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9, $8,$7. IN this distribution of individual earnings A. The median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode B. The median is less than the mean and less than the mode C. The median is greater than the mean and less than the mode D. The median is less than the mean and greater than the mode

D. The median is less than the mean and greater than the mode

Exposure to unusually high levels of testosterone during prenatal development led to the development of male appearing genitals in a genetically female newborn. The newborn most clearly showed signs of: A. androgyny B. a bisexual orientation C. secondary sex characteristics D. a disorder of sexual development

D. a disorder of sexual development

Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are attributable to their differing A. epigenetic marks B. temperaments C. prenatal environments D. genes

D. genes