Musculoskeletal System

Sling

A bandage or piece of material that is suspended from the neck for the purpose of holding and supporting a forearm

Fractures

A broken bone as a result of trauma, or underlying disease, simple (closed) don't rupture skin and a compound (open) breaks the skin

Bursitis

A condition in which the bursae become inflamed and painful

Partial weight-bearing (PWB)

A doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs

Full-weight bearing (FWB)

A doctor's orders stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight on both legs and has no weight bearing limitations

Non-Weight Bearing

A doctor's orders stating that a person is unable to touch the floor with the leg that is injured/affected. While you stand or walk, you must hold your affected leg off the floor

Arthritis

A general term that refers to the inflammation of the joints

Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

A surgical replacement of a damaged or painful knee with artificial materials

Total hip replacement (THR)

A surgical replacement of the head of the femur (long bone of the leg) and the socket it fits into where it joins the hip with artificial materials

prosthesis (prosthes/o=addition; -is=thing)

An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missing limbs, eyes, and other body parts

Muscular dystrophy

An inherited, progressive, disease that causes a gradual wasting of muscle, weakness, and deformity

Tendons

Connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

fibromyalgia (fibr/o=fiber; my/o=muscle; -algia)

Disorder characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances

kyphosis (kyph/o=round back; -osis=abnormal condition)

Extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of the spine

Ligaments

Fibrous bands of connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Muscles

Groups of tissues that contract and relax, allowing motion, supporting the body, protecting organs, and creating heat

X-Ray (radiograph)

Imaging technique using electromagnetic radiation for recording internal structures

computed tomography (CT) scan (tom/o=section; -graphy=process of recording)

Imaging technology of a joint, accomplished by use of an arthroscope

Scoliosis (scoli/o= curvature; -osis=abnormal condition)

Lateral S curve of the spine that can cause an individual to lose inches in height

Lumbago (lumb/o=lumbar; -ago=disease)

Lower back pain

Osteosarcoma (oste/o=bone; -sarcoma=connective tissue cancer)

Malignant tumor of bone, also called Ewing sarcoma, most common children's bone cancer

Phantom limb pain

Pain in a limb (or extremity) that had been amputated

Hydro-

Prefix literally means "water", but usually means any type of bodily fluid

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Procedure that uses magnetic properties to record detailed information about internal structures

Analgesics

Reduce pain (morphine, hydrocodone, sumatriptan, acetaminophen, and naproxen)

amputation

Removal of a limb when there are no feasible options to save it

Bones

Rigid connective tissue that make up the skeleton, lend support to body structures, allow the body to move, and protect the organs

osteomalacia (oste/o=bone; -malacia=softening

Softening of the bone caused by loss of minerals from bony matrix as a result of vitamin D deficiency. When it occurs in childhood, it is called rickets

-osis

Suffix meaning abnormal conditions of

-dynia, -algia

Suffix meaning pain

Lordosis (Lord/o=swayback; -osis=abnormal condition of)

Swayback, exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae (lower back)

Joints

The points where two bones meet; provide movement and flexibility

Cartilage

The protective substance that covers the ends of bones and makes up the discs that are found between vertebrae

Osteoporosis (oste-=bone; por/o=passage; -osis= abnormal condition of)

This is the loss of bone mass, which results in bones becoming brittle, fragile and weak; may be due to age, lack of hormones, not enough calcium in bones, or lack of exercise. Less severe bone mass is called osteopenia

Bursae

Tiny sacs of fluid that are located near joints and help reduce friction

Dorsalgia (dors/o=back; algia=pain)

Upper back pain

antiinflammatories

Used to reduce inflammation and pain (prednisolone, ibuprofen, celeoxib)

myasthenia gravis (my/o=muscle; a-=without, no; -sthenia=condition of strength; gravis=severe)

Usually severe condition characterized by fatigue and progressive muscle weakness, especially of the face and throat

Phantom sensation

Warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated