Music 1751 Kimball exam 2

Folk Music

-oral transmission - often specific to an ethnic group or region - originated in African American community

Leading Jazz Bandleader in 1920s early 1930s & played "caravan"

Duke Ellington

The two categories of drums used in "Yoruba" religion

Dundun- 2 headed drum with multiple pitches Bata- 2 headed drums whose pitches cannot change

Gender

a cultural construct that refers to how we identify ourselves and others based on the cultural traits associated with biological sex

ethnicity

a group of people who identify with each other based on common ancestral, social, cultural, or national experiences

Opera

a staged drama that is usually sung throughout

Music plays a role....

in the construction of identities, including ethnic groups

Aretha Franklin

Queen of Soul - detroit born singer blended gospel and soul music

Melevi Sufi Order

the mystic branch of Islam developed around Turkey in the 1200s

Castrati

young boys who would be purposely castrated to produce high pitched voices imitating women (18th century Europe)

Overture

the beginning of an opera by the orchestra

Race

people who identify together based on biological traits that society finds important

Arias

solo songs sung in an opera

People associated with original Blues

- Robert Johnson "Cross Road Blues" (1936) -Mississippi John Hurt "Stagolee" (1928)

Blues form

"twelve bar blues" common form in blues music

Meditation and Chant

- Monks in Tibet, India, and Nepal - serves as a ritual - aids in meditation - conveys religious message

Bob Marley

- Jamaican singer/songwriter - member of the Rastafari movement - songs aimed at wide audiences with reference to his own beliefs - "jammin"

Sacred Harp Singing

- a rural American tradition - 4 voice parts in harmony -strict tempo and beat - loud singing style - "I'm going Home"

Carmen

- an opera by George Bizet - one of the most famous operas of all time - "Habenera scene"

Melevi Sufi Order performance

- based on Turkish traditional music - uses a variety of string, and percussion also human voice

Traits of African American music/ THE BLUES

- improvisation - storytelling (ballads) - call and response - bent pitches; blue notes - steady beats

Gamelan

- in Bali, Indonesia - a religious, ceremonial music played in hindu temples -percussion variety - only men - women were allowed after 1980s

Style of Jazz called swing

- instrumentation - big bands -woodwinds brass and rhythm section

Gregorian Chant

- one of the earliest types of European music on record - monophonic religious music sung in Latin Catholic Churches and monastaries

Samazans

- practitioners of Sufism - worship ceremonies are highly symbolic - known for their unique ritual dances "Whirling Dervishes"

How are music and spirituality related?

- religious beliefs can be expressed in song - music can facilitate religious/spiritual experiences - can excite spiritual feelings

Examples of Gender and Music

- song lyrics with gender topics - instruments can be gendered - musical styles are gendered - musicians perform their gender

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

- upper class German composer and pianist - prohibited from a musical career by her family

"Talking" Drums

- used in the Yoruba religion in Nigeria - drums mimic the tonal language

"Cross Road Blues" & "Stagolee" both feature

-a story(one personal, one more general) - distinctive guitar playing - call and response - improvisation

Harmonic Singing

A vocal technique whereby a singer simultaneously produces a fundamental pitch and its overtones; also called overtone singing.

Jazz first developed in

New Orleans red light district called "Storyville"

African American culture...

is a fusion of diverse cultural practices from WEST AFRICA & the CARIBBEAN

Monophonic

means no meter in latin Based on scales called modes