music in culture: 4th exam

Meter vs. Tempo

- how fast a piece of music goes -repeated pattern of accented beats, unaccented beats, and their subdivisions

samuel barber (1910-1981)

-20th century american composer whose music combined romantic era lyrical qualities with judicious use of dissonance and rhythmic complexity -style was often referred to as neoromantic

Krzysztof Penderecki (b. 1933)

-20th century polish composer noted for non-traditional performance techniques on traditional instruments -most noted for his memorial composition, threnody to the victims of hiroshima -political protest

Square Dancing

-A partnered-group dance, usually beginning with dancers in groups of four facing each other. Dancers follow commands being shouted by a caller. -caller: person who prompts dance figures in such dances as line dance, square dance, and contra dance. The caller might be one of the participating dancers, though in modern country dance this is rare -Early influencers: Henry Ford and Lloyd Shaw -Connections to African-American slave dancing, esp. call and response

Celtic Reels

-A quadruple meter dance with instruments such as fiddle, flute, hammereddulcimer, and bagpipe -set dance: four couples are arranged in the form of a square to dance with each couple being in the middle of the sides of the square -step dance: generic term for dance styles in which the footwork is the most important part of the dance. Limb movements and styling are either restricted or considered irrelevant -8-measure, repeating phrases, often AABB form

Mexican Hat Dance

-Jarabe tapatio by Jesus Rubio -marlache dance -celebration for cinco de mayo and weddings

Fanfare for the Common Man (1942)

-Program music for brass and percussion Postmodern -composed to commemorate those who were currently serving in WWII

national anthem

-a song of praise for a country that is recognized as the official song of that country -1913 congress voted star spangled banner as this -lyrics done by Francis Key Scott

dixieland jazz funeral

-a type of early jazz that is usually played by a small gourp consisting of a rhythm section along with several other instruments -this type of jazz employs group improvisations that emphasize rhythmic as well as melodic alterations of the tune over a repeating chord pattern -clarinet, trombone, trumpet, tuba

19th century ballet

-been present in European culture since the Renaissance. -Ballets were often featured in operas and divertissements by French composers. -France, 16th century, then early 19th -Swan Lake: It took almost a year to compose the music for the whole ballet, Swan Lake premiered in 1877, but did not do well because the music was thought too hard, the sets were badly made, and the choreography was boring. -Nutcracker: The choreographer of this ballet, Marius Petipa, commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose the music for this ballet, When it was first performed in the Mariinsky Theater in Russia in 1892, it was not well received by the critics, but loved by the people of Russia

20th century ballet

-born in St Petersburg, from a group of artists who were disenchanted with the arts scene in Russia -Commissioned/ Choreographed by Agnus de Mille -Story of the Old West (USA) -Connection to folk dancing

Renaissance

-court tradition: -dancing master: Domenico da Piacenza, taught social dances at court and probably began to invent new ones or arrange variants of known dances, thus combining a creative function with their educational ones. Staged ballet employed the same steps and movements as social dance and differed from it principally in floor arrangement and visual projection

andrew lloyd webber (b. 1948)

-extradordinarily successful english composer most noted for the writing of musicals such as Phantom of the Opera, Cats, Evita, Jesus Christ Superstar, and Joseph and the amazing technicolor dreamcoat, as well as a requiem mass

Jewish Wedding Music

-kiezmer is the type of music utilized in weddings -Jews do a circle dance called Hora

Olympic Fanfare

-music for inspriation -John Williams

celebration

-music plays an essential role in the celebrations of life. -subconsciously expect to hear specific music and/ or songs for certain types of celebrations

the wedding march

-originally incidental music (background) from the play "A Midsummer Night's dream" by felix mendelssohn

percussion instruments

-pitched (frequency of instrument can change) -marimba, vibraphone, bells, tympani -unpitched (hit and get a noise) -snaredrum, bass drum, cymbais, gong, triangle

happy birthday

-roundabout tale that began with two sisters from kentucky, Milred and Patti Hill, in 1893 -mildred wrote the melody, and patti wrote the verse of words -overtime people adjusted lyrics -first documentation of happy birthday appeared on the broadway stage in two musicals -the third sister , Jessica, obtained copyright of the song and received royalities until 2015

requiem

-specific type of mass, one celebrated in memory of someone who has died most requiems (older ones) dating from the 18th century and earlier, -make use of some of the texts from the ordinary of the mass such as the kyrie, sanctus, and agnus del

Jennifer Nelson (happy birthday)

-sued warner/ chappell because they told her to pay $1500 royalty in order to use the song in the film -she filed a class action, suit seeking to have H.B. declared to be in the public domain -judged riled in Nelson's favor and ordered Warner/ Chappell to pay $14,000,000 in restitution to those whom it had already charged a fee for use of the song

baroque

-suite of stylized dances -often from national traditions -minuet, gigue, hornpipe -orchestral tradition -ABA form -solo tradition (J.S. Bach) -harpsichord, cello, violin

Dies Irae

-the day of wrath, a traditional roman catholic church text describing the last judgement, -frequently included in requiem masses (melody), -played in a concert hall (not a church) and mainly played for no one in particular. -mozarts's requiem was not competed by him (he died before he finished it)

John Philip Sousa (1854-1932)

-written for a military type band consisting of brass and wind instruments -the stars and stripes forever

gluseppe verdi (1813-1901)

-wrote a requiem for a friend that passed away, in concert hall not in a church. -very vocal athiest. was an extraordinary successful opera composer and a prominent figure in italian politics, advocate for a unified italy. -nationalistic composer. -messa da requiem: was written for 4 vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra. full of drama and powerful emotion. has seven movements

woodwind (high to low)

piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon

brass (high to low)

trumpet, cornet, french horn, euphonium, trombone, baritone horns, tuba, sousaphone