Music Literature Exam 3

Life and Works of Vivaldi

(1678-1741), best known work is The Four Seasons(four violin concertos),

Life and works of Bach

(1685-1750)--baroque style--A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, The Well-Tempred Clavier, Brandenburg Concertos, The Art of Fugue collection.

Life and works of Handel

(1685-1759), Messiah, Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks. Made the oratorio chorus(the people) the center of the drama.

Give the 5 main posts Bach held and describe what he did in each place.

1. Arnstadt-Organist 2. Muhlhausen-Organist 3. Weimar-court organist and chamber musician 4. Cothen-chamber musician 5. St. ThomasChurch in Leipzig-Cantor

Life and works of Mozart

1756-1791,The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovani, The Magic Flute...died at 36 several theories on how he died, rheumatic fever, heart disease, and even trichinosis, and eating undercooked pork.

sonata-allegro form

1st movement-fast tempo

recapitulation

1st theme & expansion in tonic, bridge, 2nd theme & expansion to tonic, closing the cadence in tonic, coda, cadence in tonic

Francesca Caccini

1st woman to compose an opera

multimovement cycle

1st-fast 2nd-slow 3rd-fast 4th-Brisk 1st(exposition, development, recapitulation)

French overture

2 sections: slow intro (repeated), dotted rhythms, allegro in imitative

Well-Tempered Clavier

48 preludes & fugues in 2 books

How many movements are found in the Cantata No. 80?

8

Da Capo Aria

A-B-A-Ternary--DaCapo-'Go back to head'

What nationality is Bach? What is his Birthplace?

Bach was German. Born in Eisenich, Germany

Where was Beethoven born? Father's occupation?

Bonn, Germany(1770-1827); His father was a singer @ court of local Prince

What is the role of the chorus in Handel's oratorios?

Center of Drama, protagonist & spectator

Give examples of Mozart's chamber music, piano music, how many symphonies did he write?

Chamber-Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Piano-Fantasia in C Minor Sonata in C Minor 40 symphonies

rondo

dance; based on recurrance of a musical idea; spirited

major-minor tonality

each chord could assume it's function in relation to the key center

Le nuove musiche (1602)

expressive style of new music; led to invention of opera

Internationalism

free interchange among national cultures

absolute music

has no specific pictorial or literary program (instrumental)

Chorales

hymn tune specifically associated with German Protestantism. Served as battle hymns of the Reformation.

Mass in B minor

inappropriate for catholic service, too long

rhythmic variation

interweaving melody w/ new themes

ripieno(tutti)

large group in grosso

exoticism

looking to far away lands for their setting ex. Lesindes Galantes by Rameau

Castrato

male singer castrated at early age to preserve a soprano/alto range

Homophonic texture

melody w/accompanying harmony

Program Music

music meant to portray action & emotion described by the words

Figured Bass

not full noted; numeral notation above/below bass note

Doctrine of the affections

only 1 emotion, built on 1 emotion, opening established mood

episode

parts between ritornellos

Public concerts

performances move from palace to the concert hall

sacred cantatas

pieces for soloist, choir, orchestra (cantar sonata' arias, recitatives, choruses) Lutheran church service

Fugue

polyphonic composition based on imitation--flight

What was the role of women in the patronage system?

pro singers, instrumentalists, music teachers

Florentine Camerata

promoted monody; florentine writers artists & musicians ; aimed to resurrect musical dramatic art of ancient Greece.

scherzo

quick paced dance in triple meter

Monody

resurrect musical dramatic art of ancient Greece, 'one song'--solo song w/ instrumental accomp.

da capo

return to the 'head' beginning from the beginning

exposition

slow inro, 1st theme & expansion in tonic, bridge, 2nd theme & exp in contrast, closing theme, cadence in contrast, expo repeated

concertino

small group in grosso

concerto grosso

small group of soloists against an orchestra

melodic variation

solo player embellishes popular tune w/a series of decorative flourishes

rhythmic regularity

strong rhythms that move @ a steady tempo

bridge

transitional passage, to modulate

equal temperament

tuning system that allows instruments to play in all keys

ritomello

unifying section or sound, refrain

Diatonic Structure

Chords built from 7 tones of major or minor scale

In what additional music activities was Bach proficient?

Collegium musicum, test & inaugurate new organs

Where was Vialdi employed in Venice?

Conservatorio Dell 'Ospedale Della Pieta'

The Art of the Fugue

Contrapuntal masterwork;unfinished @ death

Recitativo Secco

Dry, unaccompanied; supported by continuo instruments

Where was the premier of Messiah

Dublin Ireland in 1742

Who are the members of the Second Viennese School

Franz Schubert

Elisabeth Claude Jacquet de la Guerre

French composer; harpsichord music & biblical cantatas, worked for King Louis XIV

Where was Handel Born? Father's Occupation?

Halle, Germany; Father was a Barber/Surgeon

Who are the members of the First Viennese School

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

Ballad or dialogue opera-define and give an example

Humerous, answer of middle class england to aristocrat opera-seria.

What is the 'Mozart Effect'?

Improved scores on spatial-temporal tests after listening to a Mozart Sonata

Identify several of Handel's oratorios

Israel in Egypt, Messiah, Judas Maccabeus, Jeptha, The Beggar's Opera.

Where was the first public opera house in Europe and when did it open?

It was in Venice in 1637

Opera buffa-define and give an example

Italian comic opera; The Marriage of Figaro

What musical style did Handel absorb in Hamburg?

Italian operatic style

Opera Seria-define and give an example

Italian serious opera; Idomeneo

Oratorio

Large Scale dramatic genre w/religious/sacred text-performed in church hall w/o scenery, costumes, or acting

Singspiel-define and given an example

Lighter form of German Opera w/ spoken Dialogue; the magic flute

What did Handel found in 1720?

London Royal Academy of Music

With whom did Mozart collaborate on The Marriage of Figaro

Lorenzo Da Ponte

For which church were Bach's cantatas composed?

Lutheran Church--St. Thomas

Who was the early church reformer in Germany?

Martin Luther.

What are the possible forms for a 3rd movement

Minuet & Trio; ternary; rounded binary

Did the patronage system work well for Mozart?

No, he was unable to make adjustment; tragic

Esterhazy

Prince, Teacher of Hayden

Where was Mozart born?

Salzburg, Austria

Who wrote virtuosic works for the harpsichord?

Scarlatti

Opera Seria-define and give an example

Serious Italian opera; Julius Caesar

What are the forms for a 4th movement?

Sonata Rondo-A-B-A-C-A

Lyrical Melody

Symmetrical 4-bar phrases w/ clear-cut cadences; move stepwise or w/ sm leaps within a narrow range; melodies 'sing'

What is Vivaldi's best-known work?

The Four Seasons

Cyclical Structure

Theme from earlier movements, reappears in later ones as a unifying thread

what are the instruments of the concertino in the brandenburg No. 2

Trumpet, recorder, oboe, violin

Who wrote virtuosic works for the violina?

Vivaldi

What are two of Handel's most important instrumental works?

Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks

Improvisation

a creation spoken or written or composed extemporaneously (without prior preparation)

oratory

a prayer chapel

rounded binary form

a-b w/ little parts of A-little return of a part

what are the possible forms for a slow movement?

a-b-a (ternary); shortened sonata; theme & variation

Recitativo accompagnato

accompanied by orchestra

coda

cadential extension

Basso Continuo

chordal instrument& bass instrument (bass part played by 2)

harmonic variation

chords that accompany melody are replaced by others, maybe shift major to minor

Barbara Strozzi

composer & singer that wrote secular & sacred vocal pieces

What was the occupation of Mozart's father?

composer & violinist

development

conflict & action; essence of drama, modulation, fragmentation of themes, transition back to tonic,

Italian overture

consisted of 3 short simple sections:fast-slow-fast, with a vivacious, dance-like finale.

Well-Tempered Clavier

contains 48 preludes & fugues divided in 2 books, 12 major & minor keys written by Bach