Music Literature Exam 3
Life and Works of Vivaldi
(1678-1741), best known work is The Four Seasons(four violin concertos),
Life and works of Bach
(1685-1750)--baroque style--A Mighty Fortress Is Our God, The Well-Tempred Clavier, Brandenburg Concertos, The Art of Fugue collection.
Life and works of Handel
(1685-1759), Messiah, Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks. Made the oratorio chorus(the people) the center of the drama.
Give the 5 main posts Bach held and describe what he did in each place.
1. Arnstadt-Organist 2. Muhlhausen-Organist 3. Weimar-court organist and chamber musician 4. Cothen-chamber musician 5. St. ThomasChurch in Leipzig-Cantor
Life and works of Mozart
1756-1791,The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovani, The Magic Flute...died at 36 several theories on how he died, rheumatic fever, heart disease, and even trichinosis, and eating undercooked pork.
sonata-allegro form
1st movement-fast tempo
recapitulation
1st theme & expansion in tonic, bridge, 2nd theme & expansion to tonic, closing the cadence in tonic, coda, cadence in tonic
Francesca Caccini
1st woman to compose an opera
multimovement cycle
1st-fast 2nd-slow 3rd-fast 4th-Brisk 1st(exposition, development, recapitulation)
French overture
2 sections: slow intro (repeated), dotted rhythms, allegro in imitative
Well-Tempered Clavier
48 preludes & fugues in 2 books
How many movements are found in the Cantata No. 80?
8
Da Capo Aria
A-B-A-Ternary--DaCapo-'Go back to head'
What nationality is Bach? What is his Birthplace?
Bach was German. Born in Eisenich, Germany
Where was Beethoven born? Father's occupation?
Bonn, Germany(1770-1827); His father was a singer @ court of local Prince
What is the role of the chorus in Handel's oratorios?
Center of Drama, protagonist & spectator
Give examples of Mozart's chamber music, piano music, how many symphonies did he write?
Chamber-Eine Kleine Nachtmusik Piano-Fantasia in C Minor Sonata in C Minor 40 symphonies
rondo
dance; based on recurrance of a musical idea; spirited
major-minor tonality
each chord could assume it's function in relation to the key center
Le nuove musiche (1602)
expressive style of new music; led to invention of opera
Internationalism
free interchange among national cultures
absolute music
has no specific pictorial or literary program (instrumental)
Chorales
hymn tune specifically associated with German Protestantism. Served as battle hymns of the Reformation.
Mass in B minor
inappropriate for catholic service, too long
rhythmic variation
interweaving melody w/ new themes
ripieno(tutti)
large group in grosso
exoticism
looking to far away lands for their setting ex. Lesindes Galantes by Rameau
Castrato
male singer castrated at early age to preserve a soprano/alto range
Homophonic texture
melody w/accompanying harmony
Program Music
music meant to portray action & emotion described by the words
Figured Bass
not full noted; numeral notation above/below bass note
Doctrine of the affections
only 1 emotion, built on 1 emotion, opening established mood
episode
parts between ritornellos
Public concerts
performances move from palace to the concert hall
sacred cantatas
pieces for soloist, choir, orchestra (cantar sonata' arias, recitatives, choruses) Lutheran church service
Fugue
polyphonic composition based on imitation--flight
What was the role of women in the patronage system?
pro singers, instrumentalists, music teachers
Florentine Camerata
promoted monody; florentine writers artists & musicians ; aimed to resurrect musical dramatic art of ancient Greece.
scherzo
quick paced dance in triple meter
Monody
resurrect musical dramatic art of ancient Greece, 'one song'--solo song w/ instrumental accomp.
da capo
return to the 'head' beginning from the beginning
exposition
slow inro, 1st theme & expansion in tonic, bridge, 2nd theme & exp in contrast, closing theme, cadence in contrast, expo repeated
concertino
small group in grosso
concerto grosso
small group of soloists against an orchestra
melodic variation
solo player embellishes popular tune w/a series of decorative flourishes
rhythmic regularity
strong rhythms that move @ a steady tempo
bridge
transitional passage, to modulate
equal temperament
tuning system that allows instruments to play in all keys
ritomello
unifying section or sound, refrain
Diatonic Structure
Chords built from 7 tones of major or minor scale
In what additional music activities was Bach proficient?
Collegium musicum, test & inaugurate new organs
Where was Vialdi employed in Venice?
Conservatorio Dell 'Ospedale Della Pieta'
The Art of the Fugue
Contrapuntal masterwork;unfinished @ death
Recitativo Secco
Dry, unaccompanied; supported by continuo instruments
Where was the premier of Messiah
Dublin Ireland in 1742
Who are the members of the Second Viennese School
Franz Schubert
Elisabeth Claude Jacquet de la Guerre
French composer; harpsichord music & biblical cantatas, worked for King Louis XIV
Where was Handel Born? Father's Occupation?
Halle, Germany; Father was a Barber/Surgeon
Who are the members of the First Viennese School
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
Ballad or dialogue opera-define and give an example
Humerous, answer of middle class england to aristocrat opera-seria.
What is the 'Mozart Effect'?
Improved scores on spatial-temporal tests after listening to a Mozart Sonata
Identify several of Handel's oratorios
Israel in Egypt, Messiah, Judas Maccabeus, Jeptha, The Beggar's Opera.
Where was the first public opera house in Europe and when did it open?
It was in Venice in 1637
Opera buffa-define and give an example
Italian comic opera; The Marriage of Figaro
What musical style did Handel absorb in Hamburg?
Italian operatic style
Opera Seria-define and give an example
Italian serious opera; Idomeneo
Oratorio
Large Scale dramatic genre w/religious/sacred text-performed in church hall w/o scenery, costumes, or acting
Singspiel-define and given an example
Lighter form of German Opera w/ spoken Dialogue; the magic flute
What did Handel found in 1720?
London Royal Academy of Music
With whom did Mozart collaborate on The Marriage of Figaro
Lorenzo Da Ponte
For which church were Bach's cantatas composed?
Lutheran Church--St. Thomas
Who was the early church reformer in Germany?
Martin Luther.
What are the possible forms for a 3rd movement
Minuet & Trio; ternary; rounded binary
Did the patronage system work well for Mozart?
No, he was unable to make adjustment; tragic
Esterhazy
Prince, Teacher of Hayden
Where was Mozart born?
Salzburg, Austria
Who wrote virtuosic works for the harpsichord?
Scarlatti
Opera Seria-define and give an example
Serious Italian opera; Julius Caesar
What are the forms for a 4th movement?
Sonata Rondo-A-B-A-C-A
Lyrical Melody
Symmetrical 4-bar phrases w/ clear-cut cadences; move stepwise or w/ sm leaps within a narrow range; melodies 'sing'
What is Vivaldi's best-known work?
The Four Seasons
Cyclical Structure
Theme from earlier movements, reappears in later ones as a unifying thread
what are the instruments of the concertino in the brandenburg No. 2
Trumpet, recorder, oboe, violin
Who wrote virtuosic works for the violina?
Vivaldi
What are two of Handel's most important instrumental works?
Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks
Improvisation
a creation spoken or written or composed extemporaneously (without prior preparation)
oratory
a prayer chapel
rounded binary form
a-b w/ little parts of A-little return of a part
what are the possible forms for a slow movement?
a-b-a (ternary); shortened sonata; theme & variation
Recitativo accompagnato
accompanied by orchestra
coda
cadential extension
Basso Continuo
chordal instrument& bass instrument (bass part played by 2)
harmonic variation
chords that accompany melody are replaced by others, maybe shift major to minor
Barbara Strozzi
composer & singer that wrote secular & sacred vocal pieces
What was the occupation of Mozart's father?
composer & violinist
development
conflict & action; essence of drama, modulation, fragmentation of themes, transition back to tonic,
Italian overture
consisted of 3 short simple sections:fast-slow-fast, with a vivacious, dance-like finale.
Well-Tempered Clavier
contains 48 preludes & fugues divided in 2 books, 12 major & minor keys written by Bach