Music Midterm Quizzes and VFE

While Ladysmith Black Mambazo and the Blind Boys of Alabama are very different, there are also similarities, on a cultural level. Choose two.

1. Both groups have used their music widely to address local issues and struggles. 2. Both groups have music rooted in the experience of devastating social inequality tied to race and class.

in the article "I Hate World Music," pop artist David Byrne questions the concept of authenticity and calls out the genre of World Music. What are three major points he makes in his discussion?

1. He is critical of Western listeners that insist that world music performers need to act and appear a certain way to be authentic. 2. Many "authentic" music styles today were very likely considered fusion early on and are successful anyway. 3. He thinks that bands that do not perform in an accessible Western style will be the most influential even if they don't sell the most records.

In the Guardian article by Ammar Kalia, what were some of the arguments againstthe term "world music?" (Choose two.)

1. It lumps together everything that is not Western Pop culture into a single category, making the music's identity more about it not being Western Pop, rather than about the music itself. 2. The label reinforces that music of other cultures is less evolved and important than mainstream Western Pop music.

In the first section, "A Concert at the Mann Center," the author describes a performance by Ladysmith Black Mambazo, a South African vocal group, and the Blind Boys of Alabama, a North American Gospel group. What are some of the differences between the performances, according to the textbook? Choose two.

1. Ladysmith sings music called isicathamiya that is meant to be performed softly and in secret, while the Gospel music sung by the Blind Boys is meant to be sung openly, far and wide. 2. Ladysmith is an a capella (unaccompanied) vocal group and the Blind Boys performs with a gospel band.

The final definition of music at the end of the section (and the one we will use!) is "Music, being a group of sounds, is what any social group consider it to be." What does this definition establish for us going forward? Choose two.

1. We need to be flexible because music can have many forms and functions depending on the culture. 2. We need to engage with "social groups" to better understand what they consider as music.

What broad definition of music does Bruno Nettl, one of the pioneers of ethnomusicology, suggest?

A group of sounds.

Describe some common features of the Australian Aboriginal creation myth. Choose two.

Aboriginal people were taught to speak, sing, care for the land, and survive by their creators. Aboriginal people believed that the land and everything in it was created by their first ancestors.

Describe what aesthetics is concerned with.

Aesthetics is concerned with the taste and values of a community, especially what that community considers to be beautiful.

Sanshin, a three-stringed long-necked lute, is a quintessential musical instrument of Okinawa . While it is popular across Japan today, it initially was brought from China .

Answer 1:Okinawa Answer 2:China

Here's a brief overview based on the notes in the YouTube description, and what the woman at the beginning of the video said: The dance is to a composition called [ Select ] ["Thillana", "Kriti"] . The ragam (or raga) used is called kedaram . The raga determines [ Select ] ["the length of the rhythmic cycle", "the pitches played by the instrument, and how the pitches are played"] . The thalam (or tala) determines the length of the rhythmic cycle (kind of like how a song can be in three, or in four) and this song is in [ Select ] ["tintal", "adi tala"] . Bharata Natyam (it seems like some places have it as just one word!) is a classical dance form of [ Select ] ["South India", "North India"] and sometimes the names they use to describe raga and tala are slightly different from those used in Hindustani music, even though they might sound similar. The type of music in this region is called Carnatic music.

Answer 1:Thillana Answer 2:kedaram Answer 3:the pitches played by the instrument, and how the pitches are played Answer 4:adi tala Answer 5:South India Answer 6:slightly different

At 0:51, the dancer [ Select ] ["moves suddenly", "stands still"] and makes small movements with her face and eyes. In this pose, her head and eyes move side to side and change with the [ Select ] ["cymbal", "violin"] . At 1:16, the dancer still moves her head very precisely with the mridangam and cymbal! For this level of coordination with the music, it is clear that the dancer must [ Select ] ["know the music very well", "be lucky enough to line up with the music"] . At 2:09, the dancer begins a move in which she takes three steps side to side - most of the time, the cymbal and [ Select ] ["mridangam", "tabla"] is playing a three-beat pattern with these steps.

Answer 1:stands still Answer 2:cymbal Answer 3:know the music very well Answer 4:mridangam

At 5:37, the vocal and [ Select ] ["violin", "sitar"] melody changes, and the melody leaps up in [ Select ] ["timbre", "pitch"] . The [ Select ] ["cymbal", "harmonium"] plays faster rhythms at this point, until 5:58. At 5:59, the melody changes again, and the video zooms in on the dancer, who looks directly at the camera! At 7:03, the vocalist and mridangam begin to trade, with the [ Select ] ["mridangam", "violin"] playing on its own in short solos. Overall, this was a very exciting dance with [ Select ] ["many of the same", "many different"] types of poses, just like the description suggested!

Answer 1:violin Answer 2:pitch Answer 3:cymbal Answer 4:mridangam Answer 5:many different

When the dance begins at 0:27, the dancer is standing in the middle of the stage. The accompanying music has a melody played by a stringed instrument that is probably violin, and the melody is also performed by a [ Select ] ["vocalist", "violin"] . The percussion instruments include finger cymbals, a drum called [ Select ] ["tabla", "mridangam"] , and hand clapping. The voice and violin are lower in [ Select ] ["pitch", "timbre"] , and the voice has a louder [ Select ] ["dynamic", "timbre"] than the violin. The voice has a warm [ Select ] ["pitch", "timbre", "dynamic"] . The finger cymbals are the loudest and highest pitched noise in the musical texture. The dancer begins her sequence by moving to the side and hopping in the air.

Answer 1:vocalist Answer 2:mridangam Answer 3:pitch Answer 4:dynamic Answer 5:timbre

Two music/dance styles in Indonesian culture seem authentic and certainly have traditional origins, but were actually created for tourists with significant input from foreigners. What are these styles? Choose two.

Barong Kecak

these are two examples mentioned in the beginning of Byrne's article - they are both considered "world music" and are often grouped together on commercial labels. Please share your thoughts about styles this different being grouped together under one category.

Both of these types of music shouldn't be under one category (World Music). They both sound so different from each other and no credit is being given to neither of them. They each have their own uniqueness and their own distinctions from one another, so why should they have to be grouped under one label?

What European folk traditions influenced Australian Bush music? Choose two.

Celtic music Scandinavian music

Name the Aboriginal instruments used in this video. Choose two.

Clapping sticks Didgeridoo

In the section "Presenting the World of Music," the author examines three ideas to show how much variety happens in each around the world, and why it is important to keep a definition of music more general. What are these three ideas?

Composition, Time, and Aesthetics

Describe the modern view that ethnomusicologists hold regarding cultural traditions.

Cultural traditions are shaped by both innovation and preservation, and contain elements of both old and new. Music traditions should be studied with attention to both old and new elements.

How does my style of field notes compare to what you would have written? Is there anything from my style that you will use in the future, and are there any things you would do differently from my style?

I don't know what you mean by "your style of field notes". Im sorry, I'm quite confused. But if I have to say, I think my style would be simpler and way easier to follow. I would write down things quickly so I can still follow the story and then explain in broader terms later on. My style depends on if I understand the story or not. If I don't understand, I keep going back until I understand it. If I do understand, I let the story play out without pausing it.

Match the Javanese gamelan terms to their definitions below.

Laras the musical scales used in Javanese gamelan Laras slendro the five note musical scale Laras pelog the seven note musical scale Gendhing a general name for a Javanese gamelan piece Balungan the basic melody in Javanese gamelan Colotomic structure how certain gongs play after a fixed amount of beats occur

Which of these specific trends contributed to North Korea's cultural transformation? (There was more than one trend, but only one below is correct. Read carefully!)

Music created by state composers, rigorously controlled and censored to match state doctrine.

Describe at least one function music plays in your life.

Music is a stress reliever in my life. Whenever Im feeling down or too much is happening I put my headphones on and play music.

Describe the effects of the Chinese Cultural Revolution on music. Select all that apply.

Musical ensembles often combined Chinese and Western European musical traditions and influences, even though Western European culture and politics were considered imperialist and in opposition to the revolution. Musicians and artists composed music and produced performances extremely quickly. Music composed in China during the Cultural Revolution almost always contained direct and indirect references to Mao Zedong and the Communist Party.

Describe musical texture.

Musical texture relates to the amount of musical voices or instruments present, and how those voices or instruments interact with each other.

The story "Watching the World Cup in Seoul" discusses two paradoxes in Korean life - one is a tension between heterogeneity and homogenization. In this question we'll think about homogenization - which means ways that people try to be the same, and have things in common. What trends in Korea are examples of homogeneity? Read carefully, and Choose two.

National discourses of ethnic purity. Rigid and normative genders, sexualities, and social roles

Describe the different types of occasions where you might find a Lion Dance performance. Select all the correct answers.

New business openings Events for international guests Mainstage artistic concerts produced by troupes Holidays from the Lunar calendar

Describe what oral traditions are.

Oral Traditions describe how music is remembered by ear and passed down, but not written down.

Describe the baila of Sri Lanka. Choose two.

Over time, baila also adopted characteristics of calypso and disco. The baila was created from the mixture of Portuguese and African musics brought in when Sri Lanka was colonized by Portugal.

Describe pitch.

Pitch is one of the basic elements of musical sound, and refers to how high or low the sound is.

When describing musical sound, what fundamental properties are best to mention? (This is in the slides, which you should definitely check out.)

Pitch, Duration, Tone Quality, Dynamic

For the video of the sanshin above (first 45 seconds), describe the following: Pitch: Does the sanshin sound high, low, or somewhere in the middle? Dynamic: Does the sanshin sound loud or soft? Duration: Are the notes generally long or short? Timbre: What adjective(s) would you use to describe the timbral quality of the sanshin? Avoid "feeling" words. Instrument Family: is it a chordophone, aerophone, idiophone, membranophone, or electrophone? (For the purpose of this quiz, your answers may be brief. You may copy and paste the bulleted list, and one word answers, such as "high" will suffice)

Pitch: Does the sanshin sound high, low, or somewhere in the middle?' Somewhere in the middle Dynamic: Does the sanshin sound loud or soft? soft Duration: Are the notes generally long or short? short Timbre: What adjective(s) would you use to describe the timbral quality of the sanshin? Avoid "feeling" words. light, thin Instrument Family: is it a chordophone, aerophone, idiophone, membranophone, or electrophone? chordophone

Here is a video of Anoushka Shankar (one of Ravi Shankar's daughters) performing sitar. Interestingly, this performance is in a Carnatic ragam, despite the sitar being a Hindustani instrument. For the video of the sitar above (first 69 seconds), describe the following: Pitch: Does the sitar sound high, low, or somewhere in the middle? Can you hear more than one pitch simultaneously? Dynamic: Does the sitar sound loud or soft? Duration: Are the notes generally long or short? Timbre: What adjective(s) would you use to describe the timbral quality of the koto? Avoid "feeling" words. Instrument Family: is it a chordophone, aerophone, idiophone, membranophone, or electrophone?

Pitch: somewhere in the middle; high perhaps Dynamic: loud Duration: some parts short, some long. Mostly short Timbre: majestic, piercing, blazing Instrument family: chordophone

What is the typical use of Qawwali and where is it held?

Qawwali is a dhikr (Sufi devotional practice) that involves music, dance, recitation, and poetry, and typically takes place at Sufi saints' shrines in North India and Pakistan.

In the 12th century, two systems of Indian music emerged. Describe each system by (1) naming the style and then (describing the history) Answer 1:Hindustani Answer 2:Influenced by Persian cultural traditions from the conquering Mughals Answer 3:Carnatic Answer 4:Stems from wandering minstrels in South India, developed by Purandara Dasa in the early 1500s

RegionNameHistoryNorth India [ Select ] ["Carnatic", "Bharata Natyam", "Hindustani"] [ Select ] ["Influenced by Persian cultural traditions from the conquering Mughals", "A devotional practice centered around Sadhana, Sufism, and Vaishnavism, found in Bengal and Bangladesh.", "Originates from wandering minstrels in South India, developed by Purandara Dasa in the early 1500s"] South India [ Select ] ["Raga", "Carnatic", "Hindustani"] Stems from wandering minstrels in South India, developed by Purandara Dasa in the early 1500s

What type of functions can music have in society? Select all that apply.

Religion Politics Work and Play Social Functions

Describe rhythm.

Rhythm is concerned with the duration of musical notes, and describes a pattern of durations, such as "short - short - short - long."

This performance of ajaeng sanjo is an example of "rough beauty." What is rough beauty and what kind of musical features does it describe?

Rough beauty is the stylized and controlled naturalness and grittiness found in many genres of Korean music, and can describe music with raspy timbres, and irregular instrument construction.

Describe shamanism in Korean culture.

Shamanism is Korea's indigenous religion, and a form of animism that believes that the world is full of spirits.

Describe the social position of erhu player Chen Jiebing. Choose two.

She had to participate fully in Navy drills and ensemble touring even though she was young and very small. She joined the Chinese Navy orchestra during the Cultural Revolution, changing her whole family's political status.

This is "Orquestra de la Luz", mentioned in Byrne's article as an all-Japanese salsa orchestra that was No. 1 on the US salsa charts. What response do you have, based in your own experience, to this video? How might this band challenge any assumption how salsa musicians should appear, or what sort of music Japanese musicians might play?

She sang very well and represented that you don't have to be of a certain race to do something. She is Japanese and played just as well as any other Latin musician would play, probably even better than those. Salsa musicians don't always have to be Latin to play their own style as long as the culture is respected.

There are many different types of music created throughout the South Asian diaspora population all over the world. Sri-Lankan and British-Born rapper Maya Arulpragasam or (MIA) reached widespread acclaim when she was included in the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack and performed at the Grammys in 2009. Her track "Bird Flu" is below, and an example of urumi melam, a prominent new genre played at Hindu festivals. The chapter describes her influence on Sri Lankan politics as contradictory - describe the ways she has supported Sri Lankan politics, and the ways she has contributed to stereotyping of South Asian culture. Select two.

She spoke out against the mass slaughter of Tamil people by the Sri Lankan government in 2009.

India has two traditional classical music systems - Hindustani and Carnatic. Select the system to which each of the below instruments belong: Answer 1:Hindustani Answer 2:Hindustani Answer 3:Carnatic Answer 4:Carnatic Answer 5:Hindustani Answer 6:Carnatic

Sitar [ Select ] ["Hindustani", "Carnatic"] Harmonium [ Select ] ["Carnatic", "Hindustani"] Violin [ Select ] ["Carnatic", "Hindustani"] Mridangam [ Select ] ["Carnatic", "Hindustani"] TablaHindustaniVeena [ Select ] ["Hindustani", "Carnatic"]

This is a songline. What functions do Aboriginal songlines have? Choose two.

Songlines describe the land the clan lives in, and can cover thousands of miles. Songlines tell the story of an individual clan.

What are the three areas that Alan Merriam suggests music should be analyzed in (which we will also use during the class)?

Sound, Behavior, Conception

From the textbook, what information would be covered by Merriam's "Sound" category? Select three.

Styles used in performance. Musical instruments used. Tuning and scales used.

Who are the Malay people? Choose two.

The Malay people have many different dialects, and their culture and music are strongly influenced by Islam. The Malay people are an ethnic group who primarily come from modern-day Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore.

Describe the indigenous Māori people of New Zealand. Select two.

The Māori are a Polynesian people group. The Māori were initially forced to assimilate into colonial New Zealand's culture.

Choose the correct answers from the drop-down menus to complete the paragraph, which describes the situation of Indigenous communities in Taiwan and how the Puyuma use music to navigate it.

The Puyuma of Southeastern Taiwan are one of fourteen Indigenous people groups. They are doubly marginalized because they are the minority within Taiwan, and are also marginalized globally because Taiwan is a small country even though it is recognized by most nations. The Puyuma and other indigenous groups have their music as a living practice, which helps them reclaim power and establish a unique identity.

Let's describe the opening to start. You can refer to your jottings from viewing the video before, or view the video again.

The beginning of the video (7:00- begins with a view of landscapes and is accompanied by a dizi, which is an instrument similar to the flute and is in the aerophone instrument family. The dizi's pitch is rather high There are also many drums accompanying and a plucked string instrument, which I think is a sanxian. The tempo is free and there doesn't seem to be a steady beat. At 7:42, the scene transitions to a single singer on stage, and there is applause as multiple other singers enter the stage. The music starts to play in a tempo, with the melody in the sanxian.

Describe the origins of the term "Southeast Asia." Choose two.

The borders of Southeast Asia divided areas regions with long histories of trade and migration. The term Southeast Asia emerged as US universities as they founded "area studies" departments across the country in the wake of the Cold War.

In this pungmul performance, many of the dancers are performing on either drums, or metal gongs. Describe both instruments with their instrument family name.

The drums are membranophones and the gongs are idiophones.

We'll jump a bit later now, to 15:28. Answer 1:Cymbals Answer 2:tremolo Answer 3:loud Answer 4:The same Answer 5:high Answer 6:the storm and how it changes the scenery

The female singer in blue says a storm is coming. [ Select ] ["Erhu", "Cymbals", "Sanxian"] suggests thunder, and as the female singers step aside and take shelter under a tree, a male singer in blue enters the stage. At 15:36, the ensemble reaches the end of a phrase (musical sentence), and the chordophones employ a technique known as [ Select ] ["tremolo", "harmonics"] , in which they rapidly pluck a string using multiple fingers consecutively. A short cymbal break occurs at 15:40, and the cymbals have a [ Select ] ["soft", "loud"] dynamic. [ Select ] ["New", "The same"] musical ideas resume in the instruments at 15:51 after the short cymbal break. The male singer's voice is [ Select ] ["low", "high"] (though still lower than the female singers), and he sings about the storm and how it changes the scenery . The man then approaches the two female singers, asking where they are headed to. [We've reached the end of the excerpt, so we won't go further.]

In Listening Examples 2.3 and 2.4, which demonstrate characteristic Hindustani rhythms on the tabla drum, this list of tala is provided. For each tala on this list, there are three pieces of information. Describe them below: Answer 1:Name of the tala Answer 2:the amount of beats in the taal, and how those beats are divided Answer 3:tabla bols or syllables, and shows if beats are stressed or unstressed

The first word for each list item (for example, "Tintal) is [ Select ] ["the amount of beats in the taal, and how those beats are divided.", "tabla bols or syllables, and shows if beats are stressed or unstressed.", "Name of the tala"] . The second piece of information (for example, "16 beats (4 + 4 + 4 + 4) describes the amount of beats in the taal, and how those beats are divided . The last piece of information (for example, "for example, dhaa dhin dhin dhaa / dhaa dhin dhin dhaa /dhaa tin tin taa / taa dhin dhin dhaa) describes the [ Select ] ["tabla bols or syllables, and shows if beats are stressed or unstressed", "the amount of beats in the taal, and how those beats are divided", "tala name"] .

Korean popular music, from its beginning, has featured a blend of Korean and non-Korean influences. Describe how Trot, shown in this example and in an impromptu bus tour version in Listening Example 5.8 does this. Choose two.

The genre of trot imitated common themes of the Japanese genre enka, and common themes of modern life. The song uses a scale inspired by Japanese folk music.

According to the Guardian article, why was world music originally created as a genre? (Choose one.)

The genre was a marketing term created in the 1980s by record labels to categorize newly popular world styles, particularly African music.

Aboriginal singer Ali Mills sings in both her native language, Gurindji-Kungarakan and English in her version of Waltzing Matilda. What are mixed languages like this called, generally?

creole language

Which of the following can be heard in chindon-ya, a type of distinctly Japanese street advertisement band that originated in the late 1800s?

enka

True or False? Ongaku, the Japanese term for "music" used today, has held stable meaning since it was first used in the eighth century CE.

false

Select the Hornbostel-Sachs category for the instrument. It may help to look at the instrument on YouTube in a different tab if you are unsure!

flute- aerophone guitar -chordophone gong-idiophone drum- membranophone synthesizer-electrophone trumpet-aerophone clarinet-aerophone zither- chordophone

Which of the following is not part of bon-odori performances today?

household-level honoring of ancestors around a Buddhist altar

The Nadi Singapura song "Nazam Pribumi" (Listening example 7.1) combines traditional Malay instruments and modern instruments found in popular genres. What modern instrument is featured in the example "Nazam Pribumi"?

synthesizer

True or False? "Noise" (or "Japanoise") denotes a process of cultural feedback, an acoustic phenomenon that exceeds the original input and spins out of control.

true

True or False? Jo-ha-kyū is a musico-asthetic principle that governs the structure of an individual gagaku piece or suite. According to this trifold structure, a slow beginning is followed by a long central section with a more steady pulse. Thereafter, the piece or suite culminates in a short faster conclusion.

true

These women are playing the gayageum. What instrument family is it in?

chordophone

Choose the appropriate timbre word for describing the sound of this didgeridoo.

buzzy

Describe the instruments in "Dance of the Golden Snake" and other modern Chinese orchestra pieces. Match the instrument to its instrument family.

Dizi, a type of flute aerophone Ruan, a plucked lute chordophone Yangqin, a hammered dulcimer chordophone Gu, a type of drum membranophone Gong idiophone

The "Arirang" medley on Example 5.2 (on the Companion Website) shows three versions of Arirang, a traditional song that evolved through history. Choose the correct musical description, and the historical influences present. Answer 1:slow, flexible tempo, somber content, with ornaments and solo singing Answer 2:This is the original version of the tune, singers modify to suit the world around them Answer 3:up-tempo, in Western waltz time, accompanied by Western orchestra instruments Answer 4:This is the "sinminyo" or "New Folk Song" genre, which combined Korean melodies with Western instrumentation/harmonies. Answer 5:contains ornamentation, traditional Korean instruments, avoids references to the modern world. Answer 6:This version is revised to be as authentic as possible, removing as much Western influence as possible and made to sound ancient. Despite this, it is still modern.

First version: "Jeongseon Arirang" Music: [ Select ] ["up-tempo, in Western waltz time, accompanied by Western orchestra instruments", "contains ornamentation, traditional Korean instruments, avoids references to the modern world.", "slow, flexible tempo, somber content, with ornaments and solo singing"] History: This is the original version of the tune, singers modify to suit the world around them Second version: "Ariran no uta" Music: [ Select ] ["contains ornamentation, traditional Korean instruments, avoids references to the modern world.", "up-tempo, in Western waltz time, accompanied by Western orchestra instruments", "slow, flexible tempo, somber content, with ornaments and solo singing"] History: [ Select ] ["This is the "sinminyo" or "New Folk Song" genre, which combined Korean melodies with Western instrumentation/harmonies.", "This version is revised to be as authentic as possible, removing as much Western influence as possible and made to sound ancient. Despite this, it is still modern.", "This is the original version of the tune, singers modify to suit the world around them"] Third version: "Arirang" performed at the National Gugak Center Music: [ Select ] ["up-tempo, in Western waltz time, accompanied by Western orchestra instruments", "slow, flexible tempo, somber content, with ornaments and solo singing", "contains ornamentation, traditional Korean instruments, avoids references to the modern world."] History: [ Select ] ["This is the original version of the tune, singers modify to suit the world around them", "This version is revised to be as authentic as possible, removing as much Western influence as possible and made to sound ancient. Despite this, it is still modern.", "This is the "sinminyo" or "New Folk Song" genre, which combined Korean melodies with Western instrumentation/harmonies."]

Let's describe the fourth track from our Listening Assignment, which is gagaku music entitled Etenraku. It is Track 6.4 on the Companion Website. Answer 1:slow and flexible Answer 2:heterophonic Answer 3:aerophone Answer 4:sho Answer 5:dynamic

Gagaku typically has a slow and flexible sense of time with [ Select ] ["heterophonic", "homophonic"] texture. The first instrument heard in this recording is the ryūteki, an [ Select ] ["chordophone", "idiophone", "aerophone", "membranophone"] . This piece shows how gagaku is characterized by a unique and refined sense of musical time through slow and constant progression. As the melodic lines and speed of the piece accelerate, the [ Select ] ["sho", "ryūteki", "sanshin", "koto"] , an aerophone, increases and decreases in [ Select ] ["dynamic", "pitch", "timbre"] which creates the sense of breath and controlled

Describe the cultural significance of gamelan in Javanese culture. Choose two.

Gamelan pieces are used in Javanese rites and ceremonies, and were also used to announce the arrival of royalty. Gamelan instruments, especially the large gong, are believed traditionally to possess spiritual power, and many customs govern their creation, use, and storage.

Based on your reading and listening, how is kulintang similar to gamelan, and how is it different?Ideas about what to compare: Instruments, rhythms, timbres would be great places to start! Consider finding pictures with Google images, or supporting with a video from YouTube.There are many ways to answer this prompt. I'm looking for (1) your application of at least one piece of information from your reading this week, and (2) one piece of information that shows you read the New World Encyclopedia article. Share what you know about the Philippines and its culture. How does knowing about kulintang change your perception of Filipino/a/x culture, based on your experience? If you knew about kulintang already, share your experience!

Gamelan: https://youtu.be/2937xfI_kKI (Links to an external site.) Kulintang: https://youtu.be/Czh1oqx0Bpw (Links to an external site.) I found two videos comparing gamelan and kulintang. With the gamelan (Javanese), I noticed that it sounds a bit slower and has a darker timbre than the kulintang performance I watched. The Kulintang performance went way faster and has a lighter timbre than the gamelan. They were using two rows of gongs in the gamelan performance and one row in the kulintang performance as well. The kulintang has a specific formation before it can be played. "It has a row of 5 to 9 pot gongs and is ordered according to lowest pitch to highest pitch" (Kulintang. (2020, November 5). New World Encyclopedia). I have a lot of Filipino friends so I quickly caught up with the way they spoke. Their language is quite interesting but it seems hard to learn at the same time. I've been invited to eat their cultural food as well and the food is really good! Kulintang broadened my knowledge of Filipino culture. I didn't know they played unique instruments like that.

This video is of the cleansing funeral ritual, ssikkim gut, of Jindo Island. It is a form of hereditary shamanism that used to be practiced in the Southwest. Describe how modern times have affected hereditary shamanism. Choose two.

Hereditary shamanism has fallen out of fashion as traditional social classes have become less legitimate in modern-day Korea. The ritual in modern times has been changed to a stage performance from a day-long ritual.

From the textbook, what information would be covered by Merriam's "Behavior" category? Select three.

How the audience behaves during the music. Who is allowed to perform the music. The place in which the music happens.

From the textbook, what information would be covered by Merriam's "Conceptions about Music" category? Select two.

How the music is shaped by national identity. How the music relates to religion.

In jeongak, or "proper music" music was played for the literati (educated elite) and bureaucratic middle class. It and a-ak are both heavily influenced by and use many instruments used from another Asian country. Which country is this?

china

Now that we have described the scene, we will reflect on what we watched, and incorporate our perspective. Please share your thoughts about the scene we watched. Here are some ideas. Have you heard anything like Peking Opera before, or have you had any experience watching Peking Opera in the past (either informal or formal performances)? If so how does this compare with your prior experience? If you don't have experience with watching Peking Opera, is there any genre you do know that you would compare it to? If you can compare it to something, how is Peking Opera similar or different to your example? What parts of the scene (like the music, imagery, movement, anything!) stood out to you the most? The textbook mentions that Peking Opera's audiences are shrinking because it is a little hard to follow. How do you feel about this?

I have never heard anything like Peking Opera before, or at least I think I haven't. The scene was so unique and well played out. I heard so many instruments and it complemented well with the scenes. I also noticed that when the women in white talks, the instruments go the same pace as her speaking. It's copying her speaking you could say and I found that so cool. The actors were moving somewhat in a creepy motion (not to be disrespectful). They were moving as if they were ghosts. And I also noticed that they were staring at the audience (in a creepy manner) and doing poses as well. I feel like they should continue Peking Opera's audiences because that is probably how the actors get their confidence. More clapping could give the audience more energy when performing.

Now that we have described the scene, we will reflect on what we watched, and incorporate our perspective. Please share your thoughts about the scene we watched. Here are some ideas. Do you have experience with South Asian music or dance traditions before this week, and if so, what have you seen/watched/been a part of? How does Bharata Natyam compare to your experience above, or if South Asian dance is a relatively new thing to you, how does it change your concept of what dance looks like?

I think I have had experience with South Asian music before! Bollywood to be specific! However, I didn't know India was part of South Asia so knowing this was pretty cool! I've seen and heard Bollywood quite some times before on my feed on Instagram and Tiktok, so I'm hoping this will be a phenomenon that everyone can get into. It's such a cool genre! Their movements, the rhythmic control of their voices, their traditional clothing, and especially their coordination when they dance; its all such amazing aspects that I've noticed in the Bollywood genre! I think I might have to add some songs to my playlist soon!!

Find a YouTube video of music that is familiar to you. It can be any genre as long as you feel it has significance in your life. Include a link to it at the top of your written response. In a short written response of 1 paragraph (no more than 2 paragraphs), describe your song and address the criteria below:Behavior: Describe the people performing or watching, the context, and/or the rules. (See Chapter 1, p. 15, "Behavior")Conception: Describe something general about the music that relates to culture, religion, aesthetics, nationalism, identity, etc. (See Chapter 1, p. 15, "Conceptions about Music") Your response may be written in Canvas, or uploaded as a pdf or word document. (Check out my examples below for a few sample submissions!) Click Submit Assignment in the upper right to choose the upload type for your assignment, Then click Submit Assignment to complete the submission.

I wanted to use two versions of the same song. It's by popular Korean idols, BTS, and it's called Black Swan. When it comes to K-pop, a lot of generalizations come into place. A person's original thought, when they haven't learned about the Korean culture yet, can be selfish and misleading. How non-Kpop fans interact with K-pop consists of phrases such as: "The boys look like girls or the men are too feminine", "The girls are too pail and skinny", "The music is too happy and girly", "This idol looks like he got plastic surgery", and the worst one I hate hearing is "I don't even know what they're saying".....ok?, they're Korean, they are going to sing in Korean because that's their language. The stereotypes could go on forever but the behaviors of the idols are a different subject. K-pop Idols in the entertainment industry have to go through so much. Their behavior can be compared to that of an obedient dog: They have to listen and do what their company says or they will be kicked out of the group. They can't socialize with others so much outside of their bands. They can't go on dates because idols have to appear more accessible to their fans. There are a lot of dating rumors and scandals in the Kpop industry. Groups have to undergo extensive training in dance, vocals, and foreign languages. Girl groups must shed a lot of weight and stick to a strict diet in order to achieve that slim form that makes them look more attractive. The amount of production that goes into K-pop music and music videos is crazy! When you enter a music video, the first thing people notice is their attractive features, both male and female (aesthetic). All the music/MV's that idols have created have made me go through a wave of different emotions in my years of being a K-pop stan. They don't disappoint in making visually appealing videos! And no,

Gagaku music reflects influences of music from many foreign nations. Which of the following is not generally acknowledged as a Gagaku influence?

Indonesian music

The author shares a soundwalk as the last musical example, which contains the sounds of different areas of Taipei. Choose one of the places from the soundwalk and respond to it. Can you describe a similar place where you live or where you are from, or a place you are reminded of? Use your terms for pitch, dynamic, duration, and timbre to describe place. (You will receive full credit if you name a place from the author's soundwalk in Taipei, name a place of your own to compare, and correctly use terms to describe your place.)

It has the sound of Cicadas at 5:34. I love the sound of Cicadas! I feel like the timbre of Cicadas is fuzzy. Those bugs are common in the Japanese animes I watch, so I'm familiar with the sound. It also gives me some sort of nostalgia because I used to hear bugs making sounds at night in my hometown as well.

Which Māori vocal tradition is recited, and similar to a prayer or spell?

Karakia

The Malay world has many instruments from outside regions. Match those instruments to the country or region below.

Knobbed Gongs or Gendang Indonesia Oud or Gambus Middle East Violin Europe Harmonium India

The erhu is a stringed instrument - the musician uses a bow with horsehair to make the string vibrate and applies pressure to the strings with the other hand, creating changes in pitch and timbre that form the melody. Which instrument family is the erhu in?

chordophone

Let's describe the singer's entrance at 8:00. Answer 1:flute Answer 2:chordophone Answer 3:faster Answer 4:varies Answer 5:clearer Answer 6:god Answer 7:

The singer that enters at 8:00 seems to be narrating. She is accompanied by a [ Select ] ["stringed instrument", "reed instrument", "flute", ""] (probably dizi) and a plucked [ Select ] ["chordophone", "aerophone", "idiophone"] (probably sanxian). The many actors on stage seem to be narrating a scene where people are enjoying boat rides on a lake. She sings about fate: "Ten lifetimes might pass before kindred souls share a boat." The singers exit the stage, and the music resumes at 8:41 in a [ Select ] ["slower", "faster"] tempo, accompanied by a cymbal. A single singer seems to be looking for something, and a singer in white enters to applause. The tempo of the music [ Select ] ["stays the same", "varies"] , and the singer in white begins to sing at 9:30. Her vocal pitch is similar, but the vocal timbre of the singer in white is [ Select ] ["nasally", "clearer"] when compared to the narrator's voice. The singer in white is also accompanied by many instruments in the ensemble. At 10:15, she sings "I did not know the mortal realm had mountains and lakes of such beauty" which suggests she is a [ Select ] ["human", "god"] of some sort! Is the character in white the Lady White Snake? I read a little about her. She then describes the scenery for a minute. At 11:35, the singers begin to speak to each other in a style called [ Select ] ["operatic singing", "heightened speech"] , talking about how they came to Jiangnan to relax in the beautiful scenery, singing about landmarks like the Broken Bridge (12:54).

Describe timbre (aka tone quality.)

Timbre describes the unique quality of a musical sound using metaphors and adjectives.

The textbook begins with descriptions of Indonesian president Joko Widodo's love of heavy metal music and how that has impacted his public image, and Malay drummer Riduan Zalani's work fusing the traditional and modern with his band Nadi Singapura. Describe the two main points of presenting these examples as an introduction of the musical landscape of Maritime Southeast Asia.

Traditional music from various ethnic groups also continues to thrive in Maritime Southeast Asia alongside popular music. Maritime Southeast Asia has a long history of engagement with global pop music, including big band jazz, Latin American music, metal, punk, hip hop, and more.

"Waltzing Matilda" is considered the unofficial national anthem of Australia. The lyrics contain a lot of Australian slang - including in the title! What does Waltzing Matilda mean?

Traveling with everything you own.

In the introduction, Sykes (the author) brings attention to the diversity found within South Asia, and establishes that there are many ways to "know South Asian musics." Describe some of the ways he suggests as ways to know South Asian musics. Choosetwo.

Understanding that terms like "Hindu" and "Muslim" describe groups of people who vary a lot depending on the region. Staying aware of the regions that certain traditions come from.

The Puyuma song "Naluwan" uses vocables. Choose the correct version of vocables below.

Vocables are syllables that don't form words with meaning.

Watch this video about wayang kulit puppetry to review and see it in action! Describe wayang kulit below - choose three.

Wayang kulit theater plays often provide moral and ethical instruction. Wayang kulit also can be used to discuss contemporary events. Wayang kulit puppeteers (the dalang) know many different stories, types of music, spiritual and cultural values, and regional and social dialects.

On p. 26, Sykes describes the famous story of sarod player Baba Allaudin Khan's efforts to study music with Wazir Khan. This story shows how difficult it traditionally was to enter into study with a guru, and the long, rigorous process studying with a guru entailed. Identify details from the story. Choose two.

Wazir Khan knew Allaudin Khan was serious about studying with him, because he had left his family and declared that he would study with Wazir Khan, or die. Once Allaudin Khan was accepted into Wazir Khan's studio, he was at first only allowed to do chores and watch Wazir Khan.

Western ideas about time are often linear. Describe what this means!

Western concepts of time believe there is a beginning that progresses to an end. Music is often organized in a way that reflects this.

This is an example of Gambus. What foreign culture influences the Indonesian musical style of Gambus?

arabic

What is Traditional/"Korean" in your example? What is modern and/or "Western" influenced in your example? To support your answer, you must relate the moment to at least one concept/term from Chapter 5: Rough Beauty, Living Tones, Han, Flexibility. Explain the concept in your own words, and why the concept can be applied to this moment.By "Western" I am referring to "Western" classical music, not to be confused with the "Western style" Pansori, Seopyeongje.Be prepared to explain, for example: what specific instruments are "Western" or traditional? What specifically makes the timbre, time, pitch...etc. traditional or modern? Clothing? Venue?

https://youtu.be/7UgNOvHx4_c (Links to an external site.) I chose 3:35-3:55 in the traditional video performance by "Simcheongga" (Song of Simcheong). A traditional aspect demonstrated at this moment is "living tones". The term "living tones" refers to the fact that the "pitch" is always rising and falling, and the timbre is continually shifting. Her pitch kept going in many directions as if she was speaking in some sort. The performer's attire was quite traditional as well. As for the modern aspect, I'm not quite sure if I caught on to anything modern about that traditional piece, however, there was another "singer" with her. She was also being accompanied by a male drummer. The drums (the accompaniment) are a traditional instrument, but I'm not sure if there is a specific name for the drums. I thought Korean music was all about K-pop, but Pansori introduced me to other sides of the Korean genre I never knew of. Pansori performers take up to 2-8 hours to perform and that blew my mind. At the same time, they're adding rough beauty and other ornaments to their voices as well.

VFE 2

https://youtu.be/ZMGZQZRIsJELinks to an external site. (I'll be using the first piece she played) Pitch In the beginning piece, the pitch is really high because of the violin. I hear multiple pitches because it's going so fast, so you hear different variations of the violin and the piano mixed together. Duration The durations are really short because it's going so fast! Timbre I feel like the timbre is roughly smooth, resonant, harsh, and eloquent. The instrument family is chordophone. Texture I can hear a melody of the violin, however, the piano backs her up, which is her accompaniment (Homophonic). Dynamic The violin is very loud. The piano makes a beautiful background instrument because you can hear little surprises (ornaments) here and there. The piano is soft but you can still hear it. It mixes so well with the violin. ***(I really enjoyed this piece! The musicians were so talented!)

Choose one theatrical tradition (Kabuki, Noh, or Bunraku) that stood out to you the most. Find an example of your chosen tradition on YouTube and watch it.Sample search: "[insert tradition] performance" - so, "kabuki performance" "noh performance" Hit "Reply" and include:A link to your chosen video from your search above.A description of a moment from the video using terms from the slides, videos, textbook-chapter 6, or week two materials (I am looking for at least two terms applied correctly!)Responses to at least TWO of the questions below:How is the style you chose similar to the two styles you did not choose?How is the style you chose different from the two styles you did not choose?If you have prior experience with these styles in some way (maybe you saw the imagery somewhere?) tell us a little about it - and discuss how studying the tradition in depth helped expand your view.

https://youtu.be/gnmGA2O4h5g (Links to an external site.) I chose a Bunraku performance for my example. From 1:14-1:24 , I was amazed on how the narrator used his tayu skills to explain the story of the moving puppets. Because his voice changed numerous times for the purpose of the plot, the tayu portrayed his vocal style extremely well; the technique was known as "gidayobushi". He also has the help of the shamisen by his side (instrumental accompaniment). The bunraku style is similar to that of Kabuki. They were both developed in the Edo period and the music performances are similar to eachother as well. Bunraku is also distinct from the other forms in that it is the only one that exclusively utilizes puppets (Japanese puppet theater). The Hyoshigi from Kabuki style gives off anime vibes because I've heard that wooden block so many times in many shows. I'm glad I recognized it since it implies I'm learning more about Japanese culture without realizing it.

This is a pahu, or slotted gong drum. What instrument family is it?

idiophone

Let's describe the instruments in Listening Example 2.8, "Baul Song," which is performed by Purna Chandra Das Baul. You will identify the instrument family, and briefly describe it. Answer 1:chordophone Answer 2:lute instrument with 2-5 strings Answer 3:membranophone Answer 4:a drum shaped like a bowl Answer 5:idiophone Answer 6:a pair of handheld cymbals

instrument NameInstrument TypeInstrument Descriptiondotara [ Select ] ["membranophone", "chordophone"] [ Select ] ["lute instrument with 2-5 strings", "a pair of handheld cymbals"] duggi [ Select ] ["membranophone", "chordophone"] [ Select ] ["a lute instrument with 2-5 strings", "a drum shaped like a bowl"] manjira [ Select ] ["idiophone", "membranophone"] [ Select ] ["a drum shaped like a bowl", "a pair of handheld cymbals"]

"Tanko Bushi" is a well-known bon-odori tune originating from the Chikuhō region in northern Kyūshū. Which of the following accurately describes the material conditions under which the song was sung?

labor was divided along gender lines: the coal diggers were primarily male whilst women accompanied men to carry out the coal or sift good from bad coal coal mining was the driving force behind the industrial capitalist economy that propelled Japan's modernization process during the war, half of the area's labor came from non-Japanese forced laborers (from China, Korea, US, Britain, Australia, and Canada)