pq 7

The professionalization of children's sports can be seen in

-Early specialization -Year-round training -Private coaching

Research testing the catharsis notion of spectator aggression has shown that

-Fans become more aggressive after watching violent contact sports -fans become more aggressive under the influence of alcohol

Which of the following is a common myth regarding children in sport?

-athlete talent can be accurately predicted at a young age -stages of athletic development can be skipped

In 1990, the Women's Tennis Association instituted a rule regarding age eligibility that limited the amount of tournament play for young players. Looking at its success over a 10-year period, it was found that

-career length increased significantly -premature retirements were reduced

In reviewing the literature that reported personal accounts of burnout among young athletes, Gould found which of the following to be important factors associated with the burnout?

-parental pressure -very high-self and other-imposed expectations

In the study by Klint and Weiss on former competitive youth gymnasts, what percentage was still participating in gymnastics or another sport?

95%

"No-look" passes in basketball are accomplished by using

advanced cues to predict teammates' future movements

Which of the following is NOT among the criteria for judging aggression?

aggression must be directed toward a human being

According to more recent research by Anderson and Bushman, aggression ranging from instrumental to reactive should be viewed

along a continuum

Psychophysiological research on attentional processes in archers and pistol shooters has revealed that accuracy is increased when performers' brain waves are in which frequency?

alpha

Controlled processing is mental processing that requires

conscious attention

"Mental representations of alternatives to past occurrences, features, and states" is the definition of

counterfactual thinking

Skilled performers should focus on

external factors

Research has indicated that paying attention to step-by-step instructions is most helpful

for new learners

In the case study of Billy the hockey goalie, what did he learn?

how to be rough and tough without getting thrown out of the game

According to a recent study relating anxiety and attention regarding the "quiet eye," it was found that

increased anxiety resulted in shorter duration of "quiet eye"

"Maybe the nature, content, and delivery of self-talk may not be as important as the individual interpretation of that self-talk." This quote underscores the notion of

individual differences

Most theories investigating the role of attention in performance have used what type of approach?

information-processing

Individuals have an innate predisposition to be aggressive, which builds up and eventually must be expressed. This represents the major premise of which theory?

instinct theory

Most aggression in sport falls into which of the following categories?

instrumental aggression

Most sport psychologists are opposed to taking a professionalized approach to children's sports because

it focuses the majority of resources on the most talented children

Which of the following is NOT a negative dimension of friendship as identified by young athletes?

lack of empathy

According to a recent study of over 500 dropouts from youth sport, which of the following reasons were more important to females than males in terms of dropping out?

lack of team work

The risk of trying to maintain concentration throughout a competition is

losing concentration due to fatigue

Research has indicated that participants in youth sport differ from dropouts in what psychological attribute?

perceived competence

Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals?

process goals

Athletes with a preference for a broad-external focus

seem to notice everything that is happening around them

Recent research has found a biological basis for aggressive behavior involving what transporter gene?

serotonin

Bandura's research showed that children who saw adult models commit violent acts repeated those acts more than children who were not exposed to such aggressive models. This supports which theory of aggression?

social learning theory

The peer conflict resolution program developed to help resolve conflicts in a nonviolent way uses ________ as mediators in resolving student conflicts.

students with good leadership and communication skills

Which of the following statements is true?

the benefits of sport participation depend on the quality of the adult leadership

Results from the study of self-talk among junior tennis players (Van Raalte et al., 1994) revealed that

there was more negative self-talk than postiive self-talk

Which of the following is NOT an explanation put forth to explain athletes' aggressive behavior?

they were born with an aggressive urge

The general aggression model proposes that when aggression occurs, it will be

thought out vs impulsive

Which of the following is NOT one of the top five reasons given for participating in youth sport?

to make new friends