pq 7
The professionalization of children's sports can be seen in
-Early specialization -Year-round training -Private coaching
Research testing the catharsis notion of spectator aggression has shown that
-Fans become more aggressive after watching violent contact sports -fans become more aggressive under the influence of alcohol
Which of the following is a common myth regarding children in sport?
-athlete talent can be accurately predicted at a young age -stages of athletic development can be skipped
In 1990, the Women's Tennis Association instituted a rule regarding age eligibility that limited the amount of tournament play for young players. Looking at its success over a 10-year period, it was found that
-career length increased significantly -premature retirements were reduced
In reviewing the literature that reported personal accounts of burnout among young athletes, Gould found which of the following to be important factors associated with the burnout?
-parental pressure -very high-self and other-imposed expectations
In the study by Klint and Weiss on former competitive youth gymnasts, what percentage was still participating in gymnastics or another sport?
95%
"No-look" passes in basketball are accomplished by using
advanced cues to predict teammates' future movements
Which of the following is NOT among the criteria for judging aggression?
aggression must be directed toward a human being
According to more recent research by Anderson and Bushman, aggression ranging from instrumental to reactive should be viewed
along a continuum
Psychophysiological research on attentional processes in archers and pistol shooters has revealed that accuracy is increased when performers' brain waves are in which frequency?
alpha
Controlled processing is mental processing that requires
conscious attention
"Mental representations of alternatives to past occurrences, features, and states" is the definition of
counterfactual thinking
Skilled performers should focus on
external factors
Research has indicated that paying attention to step-by-step instructions is most helpful
for new learners
In the case study of Billy the hockey goalie, what did he learn?
how to be rough and tough without getting thrown out of the game
According to a recent study relating anxiety and attention regarding the "quiet eye," it was found that
increased anxiety resulted in shorter duration of "quiet eye"
"Maybe the nature, content, and delivery of self-talk may not be as important as the individual interpretation of that self-talk." This quote underscores the notion of
individual differences
Most theories investigating the role of attention in performance have used what type of approach?
information-processing
Individuals have an innate predisposition to be aggressive, which builds up and eventually must be expressed. This represents the major premise of which theory?
instinct theory
Most aggression in sport falls into which of the following categories?
instrumental aggression
Most sport psychologists are opposed to taking a professionalized approach to children's sports because
it focuses the majority of resources on the most talented children
Which of the following is NOT a negative dimension of friendship as identified by young athletes?
lack of empathy
According to a recent study of over 500 dropouts from youth sport, which of the following reasons were more important to females than males in terms of dropping out?
lack of team work
The risk of trying to maintain concentration throughout a competition is
losing concentration due to fatigue
Research has indicated that participants in youth sport differ from dropouts in what psychological attribute?
perceived competence
Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals?
process goals
Athletes with a preference for a broad-external focus
seem to notice everything that is happening around them
Recent research has found a biological basis for aggressive behavior involving what transporter gene?
serotonin
Bandura's research showed that children who saw adult models commit violent acts repeated those acts more than children who were not exposed to such aggressive models. This supports which theory of aggression?
social learning theory
The peer conflict resolution program developed to help resolve conflicts in a nonviolent way uses ________ as mediators in resolving student conflicts.
students with good leadership and communication skills
Which of the following statements is true?
the benefits of sport participation depend on the quality of the adult leadership
Results from the study of self-talk among junior tennis players (Van Raalte et al., 1994) revealed that
there was more negative self-talk than postiive self-talk
Which of the following is NOT an explanation put forth to explain athletes' aggressive behavior?
they were born with an aggressive urge
The general aggression model proposes that when aggression occurs, it will be
thought out vs impulsive
Which of the following is NOT one of the top five reasons given for participating in youth sport?
to make new friends