Muslim Civilization
Sunni
Islamic group that believes that the caliph can be any qualified individual; makes up 85% of Muslims
Shiite
Islamic group that believes that the caliph must come from Muhammad's bloodline; makes up 15% of Muslims
Mosque
Islamic house of worship
Men of the sword, Men of the pen, Men of negotiation, Men of husbandry
Name the social classes of the Ottoman Empire starting with the first class
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Sikhism
Religion founded by Nanak that blended Islamic and Hindu beliefs
Quran
Sacred texts of Islam
Shah
Safavid king
Jihad
Struggle in God's service
Caliph
Successor to Munammad
Umayyad
a dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire until 750, capital in Damascus, fought at the Battle of Tours, conquered people are treated fairly
Abbasid
a dynasty that lasted until 1258, moved capital to Baghdad, golden age of Islam, wealth and education, people are treated fairly
Mughal
a dynasty which ruled from 1526 to 1857, means the Persian word for Mongol
Suleiman
also known as the Lawgiver; sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the golden age
Baghdad
capital of Abbasid dynasty
Delhi
capital of Delhi sultanate
Istanbul
capital of Ottoman empire,new Muslim name for the city of Constantinople
Damascus
capital of Umayyad dynasty
Mehmet II
captured the city of Constantinople in 1453
Babur
founded the Mughal dynasty
Muhammad
last prophet; founder of Islam
Seljuk Turks
migrated into the middle east from Central Asia, threatened Muslim empire, controlled Baghdad
declaration of faith
one of the five pillars of Islam; There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet/Messenger
prayer
one of the five pillars of Islam; five times a day, serves to bring Muslims closer to God, timing is based on sun, facing Mecca and the Kaaba
fasting
one of the five pillars of Islam; no eating or drinking between sunrise and sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Hajj
one of the five pillars of Islam; pilgrimage to Mecca
alms
one of the five pillars of Islam; responsibility to support the poor, give part of annual savings to charity
Kaaba
the temple Muhammed believed that Abraham built to worship the one true God
Taj Mahal
tomb built by Shah Jahan for Mumtaz Mahal
Ottomans
A Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia into northwestern Asia Minor,
Sharia
A body of law that includes interpretation of the Quran
Sultan
Muslim ruler
Akbar
Babur's grandson, created strong central government, policy of toleration, chief builder of the Mughal empire
Yathrib/Medina
Holy city of Islam; part of Muhammad's journey in the Hijra
Mecca
Holy city of Islam; part of the Hajj
Hijra
Journey to Yathrib
Rajahs
Local Hindu rulers
Abu Bakr
Muhammad's father-in-law; first caliph
Sufis
Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation,fasting and other rituals
Social mobility
The ability to move up in social class
Calligraphy
The art of beautiful handwriting
Janizaries
The elite force of the Ottoman army
