Muslim Civilization

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Sunni

Islamic group that believes that the caliph can be any qualified individual; makes up 85% of Muslims

Shiite

Islamic group that believes that the caliph must come from Muhammad's bloodline; makes up 15% of Muslims

Mosque

Islamic house of worship

Men of the sword, Men of the pen, Men of negotiation, Men of husbandry

Name the social classes of the Ottoman Empire starting with the first class

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Sikhism

Religion founded by Nanak that blended Islamic and Hindu beliefs

Quran

Sacred texts of Islam

Shah

Safavid king

Jihad

Struggle in God's service

Caliph

Successor to Munammad

Umayyad

a dynasty of Sunni caliphs that ruled the Muslim empire until 750, capital in Damascus, fought at the Battle of Tours, conquered people are treated fairly

Abbasid

a dynasty that lasted until 1258, moved capital to Baghdad, golden age of Islam, wealth and education, people are treated fairly

Mughal

a dynasty which ruled from 1526 to 1857, means the Persian word for Mongol

Suleiman

also known as the Lawgiver; sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the golden age

Baghdad

capital of Abbasid dynasty

Delhi

capital of Delhi sultanate

Istanbul

capital of Ottoman empire,new Muslim name for the city of Constantinople

Damascus

capital of Umayyad dynasty

Mehmet II

captured the city of Constantinople in 1453

Babur

founded the Mughal dynasty

Muhammad

last prophet; founder of Islam

Seljuk Turks

migrated into the middle east from Central Asia, threatened Muslim empire, controlled Baghdad

declaration of faith

one of the five pillars of Islam; There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet/Messenger

prayer

one of the five pillars of Islam; five times a day, serves to bring Muslims closer to God, timing is based on sun, facing Mecca and the Kaaba

fasting

one of the five pillars of Islam; no eating or drinking between sunrise and sunset during the holy month of Ramadan

Hajj

one of the five pillars of Islam; pilgrimage to Mecca

alms

one of the five pillars of Islam; responsibility to support the poor, give part of annual savings to charity

Kaaba

the temple Muhammed believed that Abraham built to worship the one true God

Taj Mahal

tomb built by Shah Jahan for Mumtaz Mahal

Ottomans

A Turkish-speaking nomadic people who migrated from Central Asia into northwestern Asia Minor,

Sharia

A body of law that includes interpretation of the Quran

Sultan

Muslim ruler

Akbar

Babur's grandson, created strong central government, policy of toleration, chief builder of the Mughal empire

Yathrib/Medina

Holy city of Islam; part of Muhammad's journey in the Hijra

Mecca

Holy city of Islam; part of the Hajj

Hijra

Journey to Yathrib

Rajahs

Local Hindu rulers

Abu Bakr

Muhammad's father-in-law; first caliph

Sufis

Muslim mystics who sought communion with God through meditation,fasting and other rituals

Social mobility

The ability to move up in social class

Calligraphy

The art of beautiful handwriting

Janizaries

The elite force of the Ottoman army


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