N502 exam 4 quizzes
Which of the following statements is true related to autoregulation of cerebral blood flow? (select all that apply) a. hyperventilation results in vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles b. vasodilation occurs when PA02 is less than 50 c. alkalosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles d. acidosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles
a, b, c
which of the following could be the underlying cause of a clinical complaint of frequent heartburn? (select all that apply) a. peptic ulcer disease b. gastroesophageal reflux c. ulcerative colitis d. hiatal hernia
a, b, c
which of the following statements is true related to autoregulation of cerebral blood flow? (select all that apply) a. hyperventilation results in vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles b. vasodilation occurs when PaO2 is less than 50 c. alkalosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles d. acidosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles
a, b, c
signs and symptoms of colon cancer include (select all that apply) a. rectal pain or fullness b. constipation or diarrhea c. black, tarry, or pencil-shaped stool d. change in bowl habits
a, b, c, d
which of the following signs and symptoms can be related to complications of cirrhosis? (select all that apply) a. brushing and bleeding b. splenomegaly c. edema and ascites d. encephalopathy
a, b, c, d
clinical manifestations of gut dysbiosis would include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping b. constipation of diarrhea c. fatigue, brain for, and lowered mood d. skin conditions like psoriasis e. joint pain
a, b, c, d, e
portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and ? (select all that apply) a. splenomegaly b. ascites c. decreased bilirubin d. esophageal varices
a, b, d
portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and symptoms? (select all that apply) a. splenomegaly b. ascites c. decreased bilirubin d. esophageal varices
a, b, d
which of the following statements are true regarding cerebral vascular events? (select all that apply) a. thrombotic strokes are associated with atherosclerosis and hypercoagulable states b. neurologic symptoms of a transient ischemic attack typically last only minutes and totally resolve without lasting neurologic dysfunction c. thrombolytic therapy for hemorrhagic stroke should be initiated within 24 hours in order to provide the best outcome d. transient ischemic attacks are a significant ri
a, b, d
which of the following statements are true regarding cerebral vascular events? (select all that apply) a. thrombotic strokes are associated with atherosclerosis and hypercoagulable states b. neurologic symptoms of transient ischemic attack typically last only minutes and totally resolve without lasting neurologic dysfunction c. thrombolytic therapy for hemorrhagic stroke should be initiated within 24 hours in order to provide the best outcome d. transient ischemic attacks are a significant risk for an impending stroke
a, b, d
patients who may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones include (select all that apply) a. high spinal cord injuries b. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition c. patients receiving chemotherapy d. patients with rapid weight loss e. pregnant women
a, b, d, e
the two main causes of acute pancreatitis are a. alcohol abuse b. cigarette smoking c. obesity d. gallstone obstruction
a, d
acute right lower quadrant pain (McBurney's point) associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of a. appendicitis b. peritonitis c. cholecystitis d. gastritis
a. appendicitis
ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with with a. bloody diarrhea b. malabsorption of nutrients c. fistula formation between loos of bowel d. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of bowel
a. blood diarrhea
the action of bile is to a. emulsify fats b. digest cellulose c. convert sucrose d. release free amino acids
a. emulsify fats
Which of the following hematomas are often associated with skull fractures and results in rapid development? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid d. arachnoid
a. epidural
which of the following hematomas are often associated with skull fractures and results in rapid development? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid d. arachnoid
a. epidural
following an acceleration-deceleration injury, which of the following findings would result in a classification of a mild head injury? a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan b. glascow coma scale score of 10 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan c. glascow coma scale score of 5 with amnesia for 3 hours d. glascow coma scale score of 3 with amnesia for 30 minutes
a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan
Following an acceleration-deceleration injury, which of the following findings would result in a classification of a mild head injury? a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan b. glascow Coma Scale score of 10 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan c. Glascow Coma Scale score of 5 with amnesia for 3 hours d. Glascow Coma Scale score of 3 with amnesia for 30 minutes
a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality notes in the CT scan
dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease because they a. increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia b. induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia c. prevent progression of the disease d. produce excitation of basal ganglia structures
a. increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia
chief cells secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete _____ a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride b. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen c. gastrin, intrinsic factor d. gastrin, intrinsic factor
a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride
chief cels secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete ____. a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride b. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen c. gastrin, intrinsic factor d. gastrin, intrinsic factor
a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride
Food is moved down the esophagus via what process? a. peristalsis b. retropulsion c. austral segmentation d. defecation
a. peristalsis
what effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission? a. slower rate of action potential conduction b. increased rate of action potential conduction c. facilitation of action potential initiation d. faster rate of repolarization
a. slower rate of action potential conduction
which of following situations can contribute to development of peptic ulcer disease? (select all that apply) a. frequent use of acetaminophen b. infection with H. pylori c. frequent use of ibuprofen d. smoking
b, c, d
ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of a. multiple sclerosis b. Guillain-Barré syndrome c. myasthenia travis d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
b. Guillain-Barré syndrome
which of the following liver cells are phagocytic? a. Glisson b. Kupffer c. Meissner d. Lieberkühn
b. Kupffer
the most common causes of acute pancreatitis include a. gallstones and hyperlipidemia b. alcohol abuse and gallstones c. hyperlipidemia and hypercalcemia d. surgery and thiazide diuretics
b. alcohol abuse and gallstones
which of the following diagnoses is most likely in a patient who experiences progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass in the upper extremities? a. Guillain-Barré syndrome b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis c. Parkinson disease d. hydrocephalus
b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
most gallstones are composed of a. bile b. cholesterol c. calcium d. uric acid salts
b. cholesterol
parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions? a. hormonal inhibition b. enzyme secretion c. vasoconstriction d. decreased bicarbonate production
b. enzyme secretion
the function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete: a. bicarbonate b. enzymes c. mucus d. electrolytes
b. enzymes
a patient who is at risk for peptic ulcer disease is one who a. has been taking 6-8 tablets of acetaminophen per day for 3 weeks b. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months c. is experiencing chronic diarrhea d. routinely drinks alcoholic beverages
b. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months
which of the following symptoms suggest the presence of hiatal hernia? a. flatus b. heartburn c. diarrhea d. abdominal cramps
b. heartburn
inflammatory bowl disease (IBD) a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion
b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation
A patient who presents with a high fever, nausea and vomiting, chills, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity most likely has a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. a negative Kernig's sign d. intracranial pressure reading of 1 mmHg
b. meningitis
Cerebral aneurysm and ateriovenous malformation are the two most common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage true false
true
Following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain. true false
true
a patient with peptic ulcer disease may have anemia because of other blood loss or insufficient intrinsic factor true false
true
celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, and rye true false
true
cerebral aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are the two most common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage true false
true
cholecystitis is almost always associated with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the cystic duct related to stasis of bile true false
true
cortical spreading depression is thought to trigger the trigeminal vascular system that leads to vasodilation, inflammation, and sensitization of pain receptors in the etiology of migraine headaches true false
true
drugs that block dopamine receptors can produce Parkinson disease symptoms true false
true
a patient who presents with a high fever, nausea and vomiting, chills, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity most likely has a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. a negative Kerning's sign d. intracranial pressure reading of 1 mmHg
b. meningitis
john is a college student living in a dormitory. he comes to the clinic complaining of a headache and confusion. john is found to have a fever of 102ºF. this information is most consistent with a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. skull fracture d. cerebral ischemia
b. meningitis
epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis b. peptic ulcer disease c. gastritis d. dysphasia
b. peptic ulcer disease
Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin secreting lesion b. preneoplastic lesion c. benign condition d. gastrin secreting tumor
b. preneoplastic lesion
Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin secreting lesion b. preneoplastic lesion c. benign condition d. gastrin-secreting tumor
b. preneoplastic lesion
which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum? a. pyloric sphincter b. sphincter of Oddi c. ampulla of vater d. ileocecal valve
b. sphincter of Oddi
the pain associated with acute pancreatitis is generally described as _____ in nature a. sharp and constant b. steady and boring c. intermittent and burning d. intermittent and stabbing
b. steady and boring
absorption of nutrients from the intestine occur initially through the: a. mesentery b. villi c. lamina propria d. splenic veins
b. villi
following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain true false
true
in liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is caused by fibrosis in the blood vessels leading to resistance of blood flow true false
true
which of the following statements is FALSE? a. abdominal pain is generally not caused by cutting or crushing abdominal organs b. melina is an indication of blood in the stool c. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowl syndrome d. patients who have achalasia have difficulty in swallowing both solids and liquids
c. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome
an early indicator of colon cancer is a. rectal pain b. bloody diarrhea c. a change in bowl habits d. jaundice
c. a change in bowel habits
the exocrine portion of the pancreas contains: a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. acinar cells d. islets of Langerhans
c. acinar cells
the most common cause of mechanical bow obstruction is a. volvulus b. intussusception c. adhesions d. fecal impaction
c. adhesions
more than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. trauma b. stones c. alcoholism d. high cholesterol
c. alcoholism
more than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with with a. trauma b. stones c. alcoholism d. high cholesterol
c. alcoholism
Following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain. a. spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only b. eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d. no eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing
c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response
which of the following groups of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning? a. spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only b. eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d. no eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing
c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response
hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. hepatitis vaccine b. feces c. blood or semen d. contaminated food
c. blood or semen
the vermiform appendix is attached to the: a. duodenum b. ileum c. cecum d. sigmoid colon
c. cecum
Acute right upper quadrant tenderness and guarding with a positive Murphy's sign is indicative of a. appendicitis b. peritonitis c. cholecystitis d. gastritis
c. cholecystitis
the primary bile salts are synthesized from _____ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi a. lecithin b. fatty acids c. cholesterol d. testosterone
c. cholesterol
in the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into: a. unconjugated bilirubin b. biliverdin c. conjugated bilirubin d. urobilinogen
c. conjugated bilirubin
encephalitis is usually a. due to a bacterial infection in the CNS b. fatal c. due to a viral infection in brain cells d. asymptomatic
c. due to a viral infection in the brain cells
encephalitis is usually a. due to a bacterial infection in the CNS b. fatal c. due to a viral infection in brain cells d. asymptomatic
c. due to viral infection in brain cells
epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis b. cardiac angina c. gastric ulcer d. dysphagia
c. gastric ulcer
what clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. nasal regurgitation and coughing b. airway obstruction with swallowing c. heartburn and chest pain during meals d. coughing when swallowing
c. heartburn and chest pain during meals
the most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is a. location of ischemia b. thrombotic versus embolic cause c. ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause d. age of the patient
c. ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause
brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy b. hepatic meningitis c. kernicterus d. encephalitis
c. kernicterus
jaundice is a common manifestation of a. malabsorption syndromes b. anemia c. liver disease d. cholecystitis
c. liver disease
elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. gallbladder disease b. appendicitis c. pancreatitis d. peritonitis
c. pancreatitis
Bell palsy is a a. permanent facial paralysis after stroke b. painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve c. paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve d. herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome
c. paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve
esophageal varices represent a complication of _____ hypertension a. primary b. pregnancy-induced c. portal d. secondary
c. portal
mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of: a. somatostatin b. gastrin c. prostaglandins d. histamine
c. prostaglandins
the capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic: a. canaliculi b. ducts c. sinusoids d. papillae
c. sinusoids
which information indicated the nurse understands digestion? during the cephalon and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the: a. sympathetic nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. vagus nerve d. glossopharyngeal nerve
c. vagus nerve
which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva? a. IgG b. IgD c. IgE d. IgA
d. IgA
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports a. ringing in the ears b. transient episodes of numbness c. transient episodes of vertigo d. a sudden, severe headache
d. a sudden, severe headache
rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports a. ringing in the ears b. transient episodes of numbness c. transient episodes of vertigo d. a sudden, severe headache
d. a sudden, severe headache
a viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ____ hepatitis B a. recovered from b. immunity to c. chronic active d. acute
d. acute
what finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowl syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? a. negative stool leukocytes b. intermittent constipation c. abdominal pain and distention d. blood stools
d. bloody stools
the definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. lithotripsy of stones b. chemical dissolution of stones c. antibiotics and anti-inflammatories d. cholecystectomy
d. cholecystectomy
a patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. the expected diagnosis is a. ascites b. cerebral edema c. hepatic encephalopathy d. gastroesophageal varices
d. gastroesophageal varices
an increased urine bilirubin is associated with a. an increased indirect serum bilirubin b. hemolytic reactions c. Gilbert syndrome d. hepatitis
d. hepatitis
hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. hyperbilirubinemia b. hyperuricemia c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells d. increased blood ammonia levels
d. increased blood ammonia levels
untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ____ of the gallbladder wall a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation
d. inflammation
cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulated the release of ____ a. pancreas; bicarbonate b. pancreas; secretin c. intestine; bicarbonate d. intestine; bile
d. intestine; bile
cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulates the release of ____ a. pancreas; bicarbonate b. pancreas; secretin c. intestine; bicarbonate d. intestine; bile
d. intestine; bile
irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both
d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both
Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include a. cortical blindness b. right visual field blindness c. expressive and receptive aphasia d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect
d. left sided muscle weakness and neglect
clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include a. cortical blindness b. right visual field blindness c. expressive and receptive aphasia d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect
d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect
pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to a. elevated bilirubin b. diminished protein metabolism c. fluid accumulation d. portal hypertension
d. portal hypertension
the pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas? a. bicarbonate b. carboxypeptidase c. secretin d. trypsin inhibitor
d. trypsin inhibitor
