N502 exam 4 quizzes

Which of the following statements is true related to autoregulation of cerebral blood flow? (select all that apply) a. hyperventilation results in vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles b. vasodilation occurs when PA02 is less than 50 c. alkalosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles d. acidosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles

a, b, c

which of the following could be the underlying cause of a clinical complaint of frequent heartburn? (select all that apply) a. peptic ulcer disease b. gastroesophageal reflux c. ulcerative colitis d. hiatal hernia

a, b, c

which of the following statements is true related to autoregulation of cerebral blood flow? (select all that apply) a. hyperventilation results in vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles b. vasodilation occurs when PaO2 is less than 50 c. alkalosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles d. acidosis leads to vasoconstriction of cerebral arterioles

a, b, c

signs and symptoms of colon cancer include (select all that apply) a. rectal pain or fullness b. constipation or diarrhea c. black, tarry, or pencil-shaped stool d. change in bowl habits

a, b, c, d

which of the following signs and symptoms can be related to complications of cirrhosis? (select all that apply) a. brushing and bleeding b. splenomegaly c. edema and ascites d. encephalopathy

a, b, c, d

clinical manifestations of gut dysbiosis would include which of the following? (select all that apply) a. bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping b. constipation of diarrhea c. fatigue, brain for, and lowered mood d. skin conditions like psoriasis e. joint pain

a, b, c, d, e

portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and ? (select all that apply) a. splenomegaly b. ascites c. decreased bilirubin d. esophageal varices

a, b, d

portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and symptoms? (select all that apply) a. splenomegaly b. ascites c. decreased bilirubin d. esophageal varices

a, b, d

which of the following statements are true regarding cerebral vascular events? (select all that apply) a. thrombotic strokes are associated with atherosclerosis and hypercoagulable states b. neurologic symptoms of a transient ischemic attack typically last only minutes and totally resolve without lasting neurologic dysfunction c. thrombolytic therapy for hemorrhagic stroke should be initiated within 24 hours in order to provide the best outcome d. transient ischemic attacks are a significant ri

a, b, d

which of the following statements are true regarding cerebral vascular events? (select all that apply) a. thrombotic strokes are associated with atherosclerosis and hypercoagulable states b. neurologic symptoms of transient ischemic attack typically last only minutes and totally resolve without lasting neurologic dysfunction c. thrombolytic therapy for hemorrhagic stroke should be initiated within 24 hours in order to provide the best outcome d. transient ischemic attacks are a significant risk for an impending stroke

a, b, d

patients who may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones include (select all that apply) a. high spinal cord injuries b. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition c. patients receiving chemotherapy d. patients with rapid weight loss e. pregnant women

a, b, d, e

the two main causes of acute pancreatitis are a. alcohol abuse b. cigarette smoking c. obesity d. gallstone obstruction

a, d

acute right lower quadrant pain (McBurney's point) associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of a. appendicitis b. peritonitis c. cholecystitis d. gastritis

a. appendicitis

ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with with a. bloody diarrhea b. malabsorption of nutrients c. fistula formation between loos of bowel d. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of bowel

a. blood diarrhea

the action of bile is to a. emulsify fats b. digest cellulose c. convert sucrose d. release free amino acids

a. emulsify fats

Which of the following hematomas are often associated with skull fractures and results in rapid development? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid d. arachnoid

a. epidural

which of the following hematomas are often associated with skull fractures and results in rapid development? a. epidural b. subdural c. subarachnoid d. arachnoid

a. epidural

following an acceleration-deceleration injury, which of the following findings would result in a classification of a mild head injury? a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan b. glascow coma scale score of 10 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan c. glascow coma scale score of 5 with amnesia for 3 hours d. glascow coma scale score of 3 with amnesia for 30 minutes

a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan

Following an acceleration-deceleration injury, which of the following findings would result in a classification of a mild head injury? a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan b. glascow Coma Scale score of 10 with no abnormality noted on the CT scan c. Glascow Coma Scale score of 5 with amnesia for 3 hours d. Glascow Coma Scale score of 3 with amnesia for 30 minutes

a. glascow coma scale score of 14 with no abnormality notes in the CT scan

dopamine precursors and anticholinergics are all used in the management of Parkinson disease because they a. increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia b. induce regeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia c. prevent progression of the disease d. produce excitation of basal ganglia structures

a. increase dopamine activity in the basal ganglia

chief cells secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete _____ a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride b. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen c. gastrin, intrinsic factor d. gastrin, intrinsic factor

a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride

chief cels secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete ____. a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride b. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen c. gastrin, intrinsic factor d. gastrin, intrinsic factor

a. pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride

Food is moved down the esophagus via what process? a. peristalsis b. retropulsion c. austral segmentation d. defecation

a. peristalsis

what effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission? a. slower rate of action potential conduction b. increased rate of action potential conduction c. facilitation of action potential initiation d. faster rate of repolarization

a. slower rate of action potential conduction

which of following situations can contribute to development of peptic ulcer disease? (select all that apply) a. frequent use of acetaminophen b. infection with H. pylori c. frequent use of ibuprofen d. smoking

b, c, d

ascending paralysis with no loss of sensation is characteristic of a. multiple sclerosis b. Guillain-Barré syndrome c. myasthenia travis d. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

b. Guillain-Barré syndrome

which of the following liver cells are phagocytic? a. Glisson b. Kupffer c. Meissner d. Lieberkühn

b. Kupffer

the most common causes of acute pancreatitis include a. gallstones and hyperlipidemia b. alcohol abuse and gallstones c. hyperlipidemia and hypercalcemia d. surgery and thiazide diuretics

b. alcohol abuse and gallstones

which of the following diagnoses is most likely in a patient who experiences progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass in the upper extremities? a. Guillain-Barré syndrome b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis c. Parkinson disease d. hydrocephalus

b. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

most gallstones are composed of a. bile b. cholesterol c. calcium d. uric acid salts

b. cholesterol

parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions? a. hormonal inhibition b. enzyme secretion c. vasoconstriction d. decreased bicarbonate production

b. enzyme secretion

the function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete: a. bicarbonate b. enzymes c. mucus d. electrolytes

b. enzymes

a patient who is at risk for peptic ulcer disease is one who a. has been taking 6-8 tablets of acetaminophen per day for 3 weeks b. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months c. is experiencing chronic diarrhea d. routinely drinks alcoholic beverages

b. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months

which of the following symptoms suggest the presence of hiatal hernia? a. flatus b. heartburn c. diarrhea d. abdominal cramps

b. heartburn

inflammatory bowl disease (IBD) a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion

b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation

A patient who presents with a high fever, nausea and vomiting, chills, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity most likely has a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. a negative Kernig's sign d. intracranial pressure reading of 1 mmHg

b. meningitis

Cerebral aneurysm and ateriovenous malformation are the two most common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage true false

true

Following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain. true false

true

a patient with peptic ulcer disease may have anemia because of other blood loss or insufficient intrinsic factor true false

true

celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, and rye true false

true

cerebral aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation are the two most common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage true false

true

cholecystitis is almost always associated with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the cystic duct related to stasis of bile true false

true

cortical spreading depression is thought to trigger the trigeminal vascular system that leads to vasodilation, inflammation, and sensitization of pain receptors in the etiology of migraine headaches true false

true

drugs that block dopamine receptors can produce Parkinson disease symptoms true false

true

a patient who presents with a high fever, nausea and vomiting, chills, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity most likely has a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. a negative Kerning's sign d. intracranial pressure reading of 1 mmHg

b. meningitis

john is a college student living in a dormitory. he comes to the clinic complaining of a headache and confusion. john is found to have a fever of 102ºF. this information is most consistent with a. encephalitis b. meningitis c. skull fracture d. cerebral ischemia

b. meningitis

epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis b. peptic ulcer disease c. gastritis d. dysphasia

b. peptic ulcer disease

Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin secreting lesion b. preneoplastic lesion c. benign condition d. gastrin secreting tumor

b. preneoplastic lesion

Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin secreting lesion b. preneoplastic lesion c. benign condition d. gastrin-secreting tumor

b. preneoplastic lesion

which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum? a. pyloric sphincter b. sphincter of Oddi c. ampulla of vater d. ileocecal valve

b. sphincter of Oddi

the pain associated with acute pancreatitis is generally described as _____ in nature a. sharp and constant b. steady and boring c. intermittent and burning d. intermittent and stabbing

b. steady and boring

absorption of nutrients from the intestine occur initially through the: a. mesentery b. villi c. lamina propria d. splenic veins

b. villi

following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain true false

true

in liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is caused by fibrosis in the blood vessels leading to resistance of blood flow true false

true

which of the following statements is FALSE? a. abdominal pain is generally not caused by cutting or crushing abdominal organs b. melina is an indication of blood in the stool c. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowl syndrome d. patients who have achalasia have difficulty in swallowing both solids and liquids

c. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome

an early indicator of colon cancer is a. rectal pain b. bloody diarrhea c. a change in bowl habits d. jaundice

c. a change in bowel habits

the exocrine portion of the pancreas contains: a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. acinar cells d. islets of Langerhans

c. acinar cells

the most common cause of mechanical bow obstruction is a. volvulus b. intussusception c. adhesions d. fecal impaction

c. adhesions

more than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. trauma b. stones c. alcoholism d. high cholesterol

c. alcoholism

more than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with with a. trauma b. stones c. alcoholism d. high cholesterol

c. alcoholism

Following a head injury, changes in pupil size, shape and reactivity (often asymmetrical reactions) may indicate impending herniation of the brain. a. spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only b. eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d. no eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing

c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response

which of the following groups of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning? a. spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only b. eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d. no eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing

c. assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response

hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. hepatitis vaccine b. feces c. blood or semen d. contaminated food

c. blood or semen

the vermiform appendix is attached to the: a. duodenum b. ileum c. cecum d. sigmoid colon

c. cecum

Acute right upper quadrant tenderness and guarding with a positive Murphy's sign is indicative of a. appendicitis b. peritonitis c. cholecystitis d. gastritis

c. cholecystitis

the primary bile salts are synthesized from _____ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi a. lecithin b. fatty acids c. cholesterol d. testosterone

c. cholesterol

in the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into: a. unconjugated bilirubin b. biliverdin c. conjugated bilirubin d. urobilinogen

c. conjugated bilirubin

encephalitis is usually a. due to a bacterial infection in the CNS b. fatal c. due to a viral infection in brain cells d. asymptomatic

c. due to a viral infection in the brain cells

encephalitis is usually a. due to a bacterial infection in the CNS b. fatal c. due to a viral infection in brain cells d. asymptomatic

c. due to viral infection in brain cells

epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis b. cardiac angina c. gastric ulcer d. dysphagia

c. gastric ulcer

what clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. nasal regurgitation and coughing b. airway obstruction with swallowing c. heartburn and chest pain during meals d. coughing when swallowing

c. heartburn and chest pain during meals

the most important determinant for prescribing therapy for acute stroke is a. location of ischemia b. thrombotic versus embolic cause c. ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause d. age of the patient

c. ischemic versus hemorrhagic cause

brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy b. hepatic meningitis c. kernicterus d. encephalitis

c. kernicterus

jaundice is a common manifestation of a. malabsorption syndromes b. anemia c. liver disease d. cholecystitis

c. liver disease

elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. gallbladder disease b. appendicitis c. pancreatitis d. peritonitis

c. pancreatitis

Bell palsy is a a. permanent facial paralysis after stroke b. painful neuropathic pain affecting the trigeminal nerve c. paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve d. herpetic outbreak in a facial dermatome

c. paralysis of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve

esophageal varices represent a complication of _____ hypertension a. primary b. pregnancy-induced c. portal d. secondary

c. portal

mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of: a. somatostatin b. gastrin c. prostaglandins d. histamine

c. prostaglandins

the capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic: a. canaliculi b. ducts c. sinusoids d. papillae

c. sinusoids

which information indicated the nurse understands digestion? during the cephalon and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the: a. sympathetic nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. vagus nerve d. glossopharyngeal nerve

c. vagus nerve

which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva? a. IgG b. IgD c. IgE d. IgA

d. IgA

Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports a. ringing in the ears b. transient episodes of numbness c. transient episodes of vertigo d. a sudden, severe headache

d. a sudden, severe headache

rupture of a cerebral aneurysm should be suspected if the patient reports a. ringing in the ears b. transient episodes of numbness c. transient episodes of vertigo d. a sudden, severe headache

d. a sudden, severe headache

a viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ____ hepatitis B a. recovered from b. immunity to c. chronic active d. acute

d. acute

what finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowl syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? a. negative stool leukocytes b. intermittent constipation c. abdominal pain and distention d. blood stools

d. bloody stools

the definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. lithotripsy of stones b. chemical dissolution of stones c. antibiotics and anti-inflammatories d. cholecystectomy

d. cholecystectomy

a patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. the expected diagnosis is a. ascites b. cerebral edema c. hepatic encephalopathy d. gastroesophageal varices

d. gastroesophageal varices

an increased urine bilirubin is associated with a. an increased indirect serum bilirubin b. hemolytic reactions c. Gilbert syndrome d. hepatitis

d. hepatitis

hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. hyperbilirubinemia b. hyperuricemia c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells d. increased blood ammonia levels

d. increased blood ammonia levels

untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ____ of the gallbladder wall a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation

d. inflammation

cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulated the release of ____ a. pancreas; bicarbonate b. pancreas; secretin c. intestine; bicarbonate d. intestine; bile

d. intestine; bile

cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulates the release of ____ a. pancreas; bicarbonate b. pancreas; secretin c. intestine; bicarbonate d. intestine; bile

d. intestine; bile

irritable bowl syndrome (IBS) a. is an autoimmune disorder b. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation c. is caused by infection with H. pylori d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both

d. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both

Clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include a. cortical blindness b. right visual field blindness c. expressive and receptive aphasia d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect

d. left sided muscle weakness and neglect

clinical manifestations of a stroke within the right cerebral hemisphere include a. cortical blindness b. right visual field blindness c. expressive and receptive aphasia d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect

d. left-sided muscle weakness and neglect

pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to a. elevated bilirubin b. diminished protein metabolism c. fluid accumulation d. portal hypertension

d. portal hypertension

the pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas? a. bicarbonate b. carboxypeptidase c. secretin d. trypsin inhibitor

d. trypsin inhibitor