NASM CPT Chapter 5 Study Guide

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

A sarcomere

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

25

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

Axial and appendicular

Which joint is the most mobile, able to move in all three directions?

Ball-and-socket

What is the correct order of segments for the spine, starting at the top?

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine from a posterior view?

Concave lumbar curve

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

Motor function

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

Neuroplasticity

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

Nonaxial

Which type of joint includes the sutures of the skull?

Nonsynovial

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

Osteokinematics

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest?

Parasympathetic nervous system

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach?

Processes

When a gymnast balances on a beam, they are aware of their body's general orientation and the relative position of its parts. This is due to which key sensory function?

Proprioception

What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber?

Short-term contractions

Which characteristic is exhibited by type I muscle fibers?

Slow to fatigue

When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

Sympathetic nervous system

Which joints are most associated with human movement?

Synovial

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

What are the two components of a sarcomere?

Actin and myosin

At what age is total peak bone mass reached?

30

What best describes the all-or-nothing principle?

A motor unit will either contract maximally or not at all.

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

Fascia

What is the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

Ligament

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

Long

Which part of a cell is responsible for using nutrients to create energy for the cell?

Mitochondria

Which type of muscle fiber has a large number of capillaries?

Type I