Nat's MIS 111 Lecture Module Exam 3
Which of the following is NOT one of the most dangerous employees to information security? 1. Accountants 2. HR employees 3. Janitors 4. MIS employees
1. Accountants
The advantage of ______ is they can be read over greater distances. 1. Active RFID 2. Passive RFID tags 3. QR codes 4. WSNs
1. Active RFID
The human voice is a (an): 1. Analog Signal 2. Digital Signal 3. Hybrid Signal 4. Natural Signal
1. Analog Signal
Which of the following is NOT a value-adding attribute of mobile computing? 1. Bandwidth improvement 2. Instant connectivity 3. Localization 4. Ubiquity
1. Bandwidth improvement
What is the most visited website in the world? 1. Google.com 2. Facebook.com 3. YouTube.com 4. Wikipedia.org
1. Google.com
Which of the following is FASLE of Google Fiber? 1. It brings high-speed broadband to low-income "fiberhoods" for free. 2. It has been rejected by some cities who prefer to install fiber themselves. 3. It may create a new era for privately built broadband. 4. It provides ultrafast speed and storage space for DVR recording.
1. It brings high-speed broadband to low-income "fiberhoods" for free.
Wi-Fi is a ________. 1. LAN 2. MAN 3. PAN 4. WAN
1. LAN
Critical Success Factors for Good Product Design
1. Provide good design models to users 2. Make things visible 3. Provide appropriate metaphors that leverage the users' experiences and background 4. Provide feedback
War driving is the act of locating ______ while driving around a city. 1. WLANs 2. WMANs 3. WPANs 4. WWANs
1. WLANs
Which of the following is the richest source of data for market research and customer service? 1. conversational marketing 2. customer ratings and reviews 3. expert ratings and reviews 4. sponsored reviews
1. conversational marketing
Which of the following terms would NOT commonly be associated with analog data? 1. Bandwidth 2. Bits per second (bps) 3. Continuous 4. Cycles per second 5. Hertz (Hz)
2. Bits per second (bps)
What's the most critical components of managing website transformation? 1. Organization 2. Communication 3. Innovation 4. Dedication
2. Communication
What type of software system allows a user to publish, edit, and modify websites from central interface and manage the development workflow in a collaborative environment? 1. Augmented Reality Systems 2. Content Management Systems 3. Group Decision Support Systems 4. Google Analytics
2. Content Management Systems
Which of the following security measures would be considered a "last line defense" for Information Security? 1. Access Control 2. Cryptography 3. Firewall 4. Intrusion Detection 5. Security SDLC
2. Cryptography
The internet in _____ is among the most tightly controlled in the world. 1. China 2. Cuba 3. Russia 4. Vietnam
2. Cuba
What affordance issue is the label "PUSH" addressing? 1. Perceptible Affordance 2. False Affordance 3. Correct Rejection 4. Hidden Affordance
2. False Affordance
Which of the four IOT (Internet of Things) layers includes technology such as data centers, information security and data mining? 1. Intergrated applications 2. Information Processing 3. Network Construction 4. Sensing and Identification
2. Information Processing
The ______ is a network of networks. 1. Extranet 2. Internet 3. Intranet 4. None of the above
2. Internet
Which of the following is FALSE? 1. It is easier to be a hacker nowadays. 2. Mainframes make it easy to communicate freely and seamlessly with everyone. 3. Management doesn't always support efforts. 4. Thumb drives make it easy to steal huge amounts of sensitive information.
2. Mainframes make it easy to communicate freely and seamlessly with everyone.
What term is used to describe the information collected describing the action (i.e., location, time, place, etc.) as opposed to the data itself? 1. Hashtagging 2. Metadata 3. Entities 4. Packets 5. Accommodations
2. Metadata
Which of the following is a medium-range wireless network? 1. Bluetooth 2. MiFi 3. NFC 4. UWB
2. MiFi
Single cell phones are "uniquely personal," the use of passive geolocation has raised what concern among users of mobile commerce? 1. Accuracy of driving directions 2. Privacy of personal information 3. Identification of Showrooming 4. Receiving accurate credit for incentives
2. Privacy of personal information
What type of hack occurs when a web form allows a database command to be entered that results in the database's information being compromised? 1. Brute-force compromise 2. SQL Injection 3. Web page hijacking 4. Cross-site Scripting
2. SQL Injection
As I move farther away from campus, my connection to UAWiFi gets weaker. What will always cause this to occur? 1. Signal blocked by strong encryption 2. Signal strength has limited power 3. Signal has Multi-path propagation 4. Signal interface from other sources
2. Signal strength has limited power
Which of the following is used to conduct market research? 1. Social advertisements 2. Social intelligence 3. Sponsored stories 4. Viral marketing
2. Social intelligence
Which of the following is NOT a major advantage of wireless devices to users? 1. They are small enough to easily carry or wear. 2. They can be used to copy and pass on confidential information. 3. They can communicate wirelessly with the Internet and other devices. 4. They have sufficient computing power to perform productive tasks.
2. They can be used to copy and pass on confidential information.
One key feature of ______ is the ability to remix applications and data. 1. Web 1.0 2. Web 2.0 3. Web 3.0 4. None of the above
2. Web 2.0
Groupon is an example of _______. 1. a rating site 2. group shopping 3. a shopping community 4. a social marketplace
2. group shopping
<img alt= "My House" height="200" src="http://www.cnn.com/My%20House.JPG" width="141" /> What string within this "IMG" tag makes this absolute addressing for the image? 1. alt="My House" 2. http://www.cnn.com/ 3. height="200" 4. "%20" in filename 5. width="141"
2. http://www.cnn.com/ (check this)
Which of the following is NOT a major threat to wireless networks? 1. eavesdropping 2. tapping 3. rogue access points 4. radio-frequency jamming
2. tapping
When did Marc Weiser begin his work on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) at Xerox PARC? 1. 1940's 2. 1960's 3. 1980's 4. 2000's
3. 1980's
When was the World Wide Web invented and by whom? 1. 1977 - Charles Babbage 2. 1981 - Margaret Thatcher 3. 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee 4. 1991 - Al Gore
3. 1989 - Tim Berners-Lee
HTTP, TCP, and IP are all examples of what? 1. NFC Networks 2. Network ISPs 3. Communication Protocols 4. Terrestrial Media
3. Communication Protocols
What is the most significant threat to information security in the cloud for most companies? 1. Packet monitoring 2. Remote hackers 3. Employee behavior 4. WiFi monitoring
3. Employee behavior
Where must your "index.html" file be hosted to earn credit for ABP-3A? 1. Directly from the D2L MIS 111 course page 2. From by computer after downloading the file from D2L 3. From my personal account on the U.System server
3. From my personal account on the U.System server
The adoption of ______ has been an important factor in the development of the Internet of Things. 1. IPv1 2. IPv4 3. IPv6 4. IPV8
3. IPv6
_______ is threatening to steal or actually stealing information from a company and then demanding payment to not use or release that information. 1. Competitive intelligence 2. Espionage 3. Information extortion 4. Intellectual property
3. Information extortion
The web ______ the same thing as the internet. 1. Could be 2. Is 3. Is not 4. I don't know
3. Is not
Which of the following is FALSE of social computing? 1. It focuses on improving collaboration. 2. It encourages user-generated content. 3. It allows social information to remain anonymous. 4. It combines social behavior and IT to create value.
3. It allows social information to remain anonymous.
Which of the following wireless issues would NOT be a problem for short range wireless applications? 1. Attenuation 2. Interference 3. Line-of-Sight 4. Multi-path
3. Line-of-Sight
Which of the following issues related to communication would NOT be a problem for RFID? 1. Attenuation 2. Interference 3. Line-of-sight 4. Multi-path
3. Line-of-sight
In general, what you think of as the quality of your network connection speed when you are using your PC, iPad, or Smartphone is most influenced by which of the following? 1. Backbone Tier-1 ISPs 2. Regional Tier-2 ISPs 3. Local Tier-3 ISPs
3. Local Tier-3 ISPs
_______ satellites require medium-powered transmitters. 1. GEO 2. LEO 3. MEO 4. SEO
3. MEO
Which of the following is the technology that enables most mobile wallet applications? 1. AFC 2. ERP 3. NFC 4. VRP
3. NFC
In the video where Vint Cerf described the TCP protocol used to send packets across the internet, what did he use as his example? 1. Taxi cab 2. Credit card 3. Post card 4. Pay telephone 5. Railroad car
3. Post card
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) address all of the following issues related to the transmission of data using packets, EXCEPT: 1. Packets being lost during transmission 2. Receiving Packets out of message order 3. Privacy for user's message content
3. Privacy for user's message content
What IOT technology discussed in class could be used to improve tracking of retail inventory? 1. Geotagging 2. Product Metadata 3. RFID Tags 4. Crowdsourcing 5. Folksonomies
3. RFID Tags
What technology uses radio-frequency one-way communication path to allow objects identify themselves by transmitting information stored in the object? 1. Bluetooth 2. Near Field Communication 3. Radio Frequency Identification 4. WiFi (802.11xx)
3. Radio Frequency Identification
<img alt= "My House" height="200" src="http://www.cnn.com/My%20House.JPG" width="141" /> Why would using this "IMG" tag to include an image be an error for you ABP-3B website? 1. Uses an alt attribute 2. Uses a "jgp" image 3. Uses an image that is not on the U-system 4. Uses a filename with a % character
3. Uses an image that is not on the U-system
Google's main business reason for installing fiber in select US cities is to _______. 1. begin competing with the cable distribution giants 2. bring the internet to rural areas 3. generate more web traffic, which generates more ad revenue for them 4. give people an option other than the telecommunications companies who control existing cable networks
3. generate more web traffic, which generates more ad revenue for them
What is the correct filename to use for your ABP-3A website? 1. abp3a.html 2. Index.html 3. index.html 4. Public.html 5. public.html
3. index.html
The Organizational, Relationship and Contact Analyzer (ORCA) was designed to better understand social networks of ______. 1. business executives 2. government officals 3. insurgents or criminals 4. non-profit organization
3. insurgents or criminals
If you hire a cybersecurity company like FireEye to identify security weakness in your information systems, you are using a risk ______ strategy. 1. acceptance 2. analysis 3. limitation 4. transference
3. limitation
The Shodan case illustrates _______. 1. how vulnerable all devices are, even if they aren't connected to the internet 2. strong passwords aren't necessary on home devices since most hackers don't care about such a small target 3. that hackers and security researchers use the same sites to identify vulnerabilities 4. the government is doing nothing to protect our privacy
3. that hackers and security researchers use the same sites to identify vulnerabilities
How many websites are there within the Eller College? 1. 1 2. 4 3. 22 4. 42
4. 42
Why are there so many different physical connector types? 1. The function (serial, parallel, video) often defines the number of signals required 2. Different symbols, shapes and sizes reduces errors when making connections 3. Connector design evolve as technology improves 4. All of the above
4. All of the above
What's the most critical component of managing website transformation? 1. Demystification 2. Crowdsourcification 3. Bitmojification 4. Communication
4. Communication
Using Quizlet to find questions and answers for material covered on PARs and Module Exams is an example of what type of collaboration? 1. Globalization 2. Data Mining 3. Business Intelligence 4. Crowdsourcing
4. Crowdsourcing
Which type of media is least likely to be affected by electronic noise? 1. CAT-3 Cable 2. CAT-5 Cable 3. Coaxial Cable 4. Fiber Optic Cable
4. Fiber Optic Cable
Marks & Spencer implemented _______ to track its inventory more effectively. 1. Bar codes 2. Optical scanners 3. QR codes 4. RFID
4. RFID
Google Docs is an example of? 1. IaaS 2. GaaS 3. Paas 4. SaaS
4. SaaS
________ is the wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from remote sensors. 1. A mobile portal 2. A voice portal 3. The Internet of Things 4. Telemetry
4. Telemetry
<img alt= "My House" height="200" src="http://www.cnn.com/My%20House.JPG" width="141" /> What par of this "IMG" tag meets the POUR principle of being "perceivable? 1. height="200" 2. width="141" 3. http://www.cnn.com/ 4. alt="My House" 5. "%20" in filename
4. alt="My House"
The key fob you use to open your car before you get to it is an example of _______. 1. a mobile portal 2. a voice portal 3. mobile commerce 4. telemetry
4. telemetry
YouTube executives consider traditional television a _____ business and YouTube a _____ business. 1. dwindling; future-thinking 2. future-thinking; dwindling 3. retailing; wholesale 4. wholesale; retailing
4. wholesale; retailing
A user of these salt-and-pepper shakers would most likely depend on information from what level of the McGinn hierarchy? 1. Individual 2. User Group 3. Context 4. Cultural 5. Human Sensory Perception
5. Human Sensory Perception
What website design philosophy places the user at the center of the process with users being consulted at each stage of the design process? 1. CSF design 2. Effective design 3. Perceptual design 4. Thoughtful design 5. Universal design
5. Universal design
Blog tags and twitter hashtags (#MIS111) allow a community of users to connect information using a self-organized logical data structure known as what? A) A folksonomy B) A entity-relationship diagram C) A fishbone diagram D) A taxonomy E) Community of practice
A) A folksonomy
What is P3P? A) A language for machine-readable privacy policies B) An encryption algorithm C) A system for secure online payments D) A warning system for unsecured wi-fi connections E) A group of social activists and hackers
A) A language for machine-readable privacy policies
Using an icon with characteristics that are familiar to a user, such as a shopping cart, to suggest that the correct usage is known as: A) A visible metaphor B) False causality C) A constraint D) A conceptual distinction E) An affordance
A) A visible metaphor
Using an icon with characteristics that are familiar to a user, such as a shopping cart, to suggests the correct usage is known as: A) A visible metaphor B) False causality C) A constraint D) A conceptual distinction E) An affordance
A) A visible metaphor
What POUR design recommendation might create security risks for banking systems and online testing environments? A) Allowing users unlimited time to complete tasks B) Allowing users to select their own technologies to access web content C) Compliance with new requirements in the Web Content D) Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) E) Ability to transform content from one format to another (e.g., text to Braille)
A) Allowing users unlimited time to complete tasks
Which of the following types of distance learning experiences are not taught in the presence of an instructor , but rather independently viewed by student inline and at their pace? A) Asynchronous classes B) Synchronous classes C) Hybrid classes D) Accessible classes E) Globalized classes
A) Asynchronous classes
Identifying patterns in data based on common temporal (time) or spatial (geographic) traits is based on what type of data mining analysis? A) Clustering B) Association C) Sequencing D) Forecasting E) Classification
A) Clustering
What term did Don Norman define as story that puts the operation of the system into context, weaving together all of the essential components, providing a framework, a context, and reasons for understanding A) Conceptual model B) Semiotic Engineering C) Design Intention D) Emotional design
A) Conceptual model
In a database entity relationship diagram, specifying the minimum and maximum possible values that may exist for a relationship between two entities can best be described using what database term? A) Constraint B) Entity Class C) Diagram D) Relationship E) Attribute
A) Constraint
Which of the POUR principles of accessibility focuses on the need to convert non-textual information into another format, such as from audio to text? A) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more perceivable B) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more operable C) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more understandable D) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more robust E) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more confidential
A) Converting the non-textual information makes the content more perceivable
What type of data mining presents information graphically so that users are able to identify patterns in the underlying data? A) Data Visualization B) Case-based Reasoning C) Neural Networks D) Rule Induction E) Nearest-neighbor Techniques
A) Data Visualization
What pilot sustainability initiative focused on collaboratively capturing usable clothes and appliances when students move out of residence halls each semester? A) Dodge the Dumpster B) Zero Waste C) Green Team D) Spring Fling E) LEED Buildings
A) Dodge the Dumpster
In the Video Case on Decision Matrices, what is the goal of decision matrices? A) Improve the process by which we make decisions B) Improve the quality of decisions made C) Improve the speed of making decisions D) Improve the collaboration when making a decisions E) All of the other answers are correct
A) Improve the process by which we make decisions
According to the mythical man-month what is the reason adding people to a project will not speedup your project? A) Increased complexity of communications B) Increased spending on personnel C) Increased critical path milestones for the project D) Each increase in the staff requires a corresponding extension to the project due date
A) Increased complexity of communications
Business metrics that describe the performance of critical business activities are known as: A) Key performance indicators B) Residual risk assessments C) Business continuity plans D) Business intelligence analyses E) Decision trees
A) Key performance indicators
COPLINK, developed at the University of Arizona in the MIS Department's Artificial Intelligence Lab, allows law enforcement officers to integrate database information to identify crime suspects based on limited information (e.g., a license plate number or nick name). Upon what information system technology is this system's design based? A) Knowledge management B) Group decision support systems C) Crowdsourcing D) Telepresence E) Spiderweb Mapping
A) Knowledge management
COPLINK, developed at the University of Arizona in the MIS Department;s Artificial Intelligence Lab, allows law enforcement officers to integrate database information to identify crime suspects based on limited information (e.g., a license plate number or nick name). Upon what information system technology is this system's design based? A) Knowledge management B) Group decision support systems C) Crowdsourcing D) Telepresence E) Spiderweb Mapping
A) Knowledge management
The risk of a project can be measured on what two scales? A) Likelihood and Impact B) Budget and Management C) Change and Control D) Vision and Goals
A) Likelihood and Impact
Explicit, or "leaky" knowledge, is based on information that is: A) Objective and rational B) Subjective and cognitive C) Informally communicated with an organization D) Dependent on an employee's experience E) Customized by each user
A) Objective and rational
In the Video Case on Decision Matrices, what is the goal of weighting decision matrices? A) Prioritize the most important quantitative decision criteria B) Prioritize the most important qualitative decision criteria C) Prioritize the most important productivity decision criteria D) Determine which portion of the decision will be made based on the matrix E) Determine the quality of the data feeding the decision
A) Prioritize the most important quantitative decision criteria
Tracking what products are delivered to users, and when, is a form of what? A) Release Control B) Acceptance Control C) Maintenance Control D) Scheduling Control
A) Release Control
In the "Don Norman: Thoughtful Design" Video Case, he spends a lot of time discussing what common custom or item which half the audience gets wrong wherever he goes and asks the question. What was he talking about? A) Salt and Pepper Shakers and which has more holes B) Doors to buildings and whether they should open in or out C) Whether traffic is typically on the left or the right side of the road in most countries D) How cable and satellite TV channels are organized in the channel lineup so it is easy or difficult to find programming E) All of the above
A) Salt and Pepper Shakers and which has more holes
Which of the following causes of the bullwhip effect is related to a trading partner intentionally sharing inaccurate information with a company's future inventory requirements? A) Shortage Gaming B) Outsourcing C) Price Promotions D) Batch Purchasing E) Forecasting/Trend Analysis
A) Shortage Gaming
________ are focused on helping users stores, organize, search, and manage bookmarks of web pages on the internet. A) Social bookmarking B) Social news C) Web 2.0 media sites D) Virtual meeting places
A) Social bookmarking
From Don Norman's perspective, what fatal flaw does the BMW iDrive (which he described as a well thought out, very logical, and sensible device) have with respect its human interface? A) The iDrive destroyed spatiality B) The iDrive did not have a hierarchical menu structure C) The iDrive used a confusing set of control knobs D) The iDrive only controlled the driving-related functions
A) The iDrive destroyed spatiality
Which of these is NOT enumerated as a Motivation to Create Accessible Web Content?A) To improve the reliability of technical functionality (technology centered motivations) B) To improve the lives of people with disabilities (human-centered motivations) C) To capitalize on the a wider audience or consumer base (marketing or economic-centered motivations) D) To avoid lawsuits and/or bad press (public relations and punishment-centered motivations)
A) To improve the reliability of technical functionality (technology centered motivations)
The characteristic of big data (data science) are described as being related to volume (of the information), velocity (speed at which information is collected), and what other characteristic? A) Variety (integrating data from multiples sources) B) Vagueness (using data without a clear definition) C) Valuation (using data that has significant economic value) D) Visual (using data that can be displayed graphically) E) Vertical (using data related only to one market)
A) Variety (integrating data from multiples sources)
The characteristics of big data (data science) are described as being related to volume (of the information), velocity (speed at which information is collected), and what other characteristic? A) Variety (integrating data from multiples sources) B) Vagueness (using data without a clear definition) C) Valuation (using data that has significant economic value) D) Visual (using data that can be displayed graphically) E) Vertical (using data related only to one market)
A) Variety (integrating data from multiples sources)
In the Video Case from IBM Analytics "Better Business Outcomes - This is data" video case, what are the four V's? A) Veracity, Variety, Volume, Velocity B) Valuable, Veracity, Variety, Volume C) Vast, Variety, Veracity, Volume D) Vibrant, Variety, Veracity, Volume E) Vertical, Volume, Veracity, Velocity
A) Veracity, Variety, Volume, Velocity
In our discussion of the Eller websites, issues such as user interface consistency, design standards, and branding are all components contributing to what larger issue? A) Website Value Proposition B) Information privacy C) Six Sigma Certification D) Spatial frequency reuse E) Information Transparency
A) Website Value Proposition
In a relational database, what term refers to the collection of items that are all related to a single unique value, where the single value often serves as the primary key? A field A) A form B) A record C) A list D) A deposit
B) A record
Physical properties (shape, texture, color, etc.) of an object that allow someone to use an object correctly without the need for labels or instructions are known as: A) Constraints B) Affordances C) Distinctions D) Feedback E) Models
B) Affordances
A graphical description of a database that describes the way in which an organization's data and business activities are associated with one another is known as ____: A) A Model of Efficiency B) An Entity Relationship Diagram C) An Enterprise Resource Design D) A Throughput Analysis E) An Artificial Database Scheme
B) An Entity Relationship Diagram
A graphical description of a database that describes the way in which an organization's data and business activities are associated with one another is known as ____: A) A Model of Efficiency B) An Entity Relationship Diagram C) An Enterprise Resource Design D) A Throughput Analysis E) An Artificial Database Scheme
B) An Entity Relationship Diagram
What term is used to describe the behavior where small changes in customer demand that result in large variations in raw material orders causing inefficiency in the supply chain? A) Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model B) Bullwhip effect C) Just-In-Time orders D) Reverse Auctions E) Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED)
B) Bullwhip effect
How might current human-computer interaction research allow for more accessibility and usability? A) By requiring touch sensing for mobile interaction B) By increasing the number of modalities C) By ignoring gaze as an attention cue D) By constraining motion sensing to only smartwatches E) By not letting devices talk to each other for privacy and security reasons
B) By increasing the number of modalities
What type of data mining analysis identifies patterns in the data based on geographic (physical) or temporal (time) proximity? A) Classification B) Clustering C) Association D) Sequencing E) Forecasting
B) Clustering
What is the most critical component of managing website transformation? A) Organization B) Communication C) Innovation D) Dedication E) Inspiration
B) Communication
As discussed by our guest speaker, what type of software allows publishing, editing, and modifying content from a central interface, and managing project workflow in a collaborative environment? A) Social Media B) Content Management C) Wireframe Design D) Google Analytics
B) Content Management
An entrepreneur developing detailed documentation of their business processes so that they can be offered to other individuals as a franchise operation is an example of: A) Converting explicit knowledge into tacit knowledge B) Converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge C) Creating a community of practice D) A time-delayed response E) Dependent demand
B) Converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge
Selecting EPEAT-compliant technology with a high rating over traditional, less energy efficient technology is an example of focusing on what sustainability effects? A) Use of government regulation to eliminate wasteful products B) Creation, Use and Disposal of a product C) Substitution by using alternative methods D) Impacts of long term structural change E) Increased awareness through the use of metrics
B) Creation, Use and Disposal of a product
Maintaining multiple copies of the same data in multiple information systems that can be independently updated commonly results in what information management problem? A) Data isolation B) Data inconsistency C) Data devaluation D) Data compression E) Data validation
B) Data inconsistency
Maintaining multiple copies of the same data in multiple information systems that can be independently updated commonly results in what information management problem? A) Data isolation B) Data inconsistency C) Data devaluation D) Data compression E) Data validation
B) Data inconsistency
In the decision support process, formulating a module to be evaluated and setting criteria for making a choice would occur during what phase of the decision making process? A) Choice Phase B) Design Phase C) Functional Phase D) Intelligence Phase E) Operational Phase
B) Design Phase
A business intelligence tool that uses abstractions such as color and graphical images like instrument gauges to allow executives to grasp business situations quickly is known as a: A) Planning Horizon B) Digital dashboard C) Expert system D) Neural network E) Geographic information system
B) Digital dashboard
In the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) "http://www.arizona.edu", what does ".edu" define? A) Browser B) Domain C) Protocol D) Resource E) Server
B) Domain
According to our guest speaker who spoke in managing the development of Eller websites, what is the most important skill a business person working with technology should have? A) Understanding cost management B) Effective communication skills C) Ability to work under pressure D) Knowledge to content management systems E) Ability to work independently
B) Effective communication skills
According to our guest speaker who spoke on managing the development of Eller websites, what is the most important skill a business person working with technology should have? A) Understanding cost management B) Effective communication skills C) Ability to work under pressure D) Knowledge of content management systems E) Ability to work independently
B) Effective communication skills
With respect to a database, what term is used to describe an abstract representation of all of the information included in a data structure about a particular type of entity?A) Entity Attribute B) Entity Class C) Entity Key D) Entity Model E) Entity Table
B) Entity Class
With respect to a database, what term is used to describe an abstract representation of all the information included in a data structure about a particular type of entity? A) Entity Attribute B) Entity Class C) Entity Key D) Entity Model E) Entity Table
B) Entity Class
From a user's perspective, perceived affordances would include actual perceptible design affordances and what other category or perceptual affordances? A) Correct rejection of design characteristics that are not affordances B) False or fake design affordances C) Hidden design affordances D) Design mitigation affordances E) Accessible affordances
B) False or fake design affordances
From a user's perspective, perceived affordances would included actual perceptible design affordances and what other category of perceptual affordances? A) Correct rejection of design characteristics that are not affordances B) False or fake design affordances C) Hidden design affordances D) Design mitigation affordances E) Accessible affordances
B) False or fake design affordances
In response to poor communication problems with application development, many companies are ____. A) Forward outsourcing B) Insoucring C) Nearshore outsourcing D) Offshore outsourcing
B) Insoucring
Intellectual capital is also called _____. A) Data B) Knowledge C) Information D) Wisdom
B) Knowledge
The terms "contextual," "relevant," and "Actionable" are commonly related to what term? A) Information B) Knowledge C) Repository D) Alignment E) Relationship
B) Knowledge
The terms "contextual," "relevant," and "actionable" are commonly related to what term? A) Information B) Knowledge C) Repository D) Alignment E) Relationship
B) Knowledge
The terms "contextual," "relevant," and "actionable" are commonly related to what term?The terms "contextual," "relevant," and "actionable" are commonly related to what term? A) Information B) Knowledge C) Repository D) Alignment E) Relationship
B) Knowledge
Making the Adobe Creative Cloud available to UofA students is an example of what type of approach for software Acquisition? A) Buy B) Lease C) In-House Development D) Open Source E) Rent-to-Own
B) Lease
Data warehouses and data marts are ___; this means users cannot change or update the data in the data warehouses or data marts A) Integrated B) Nonvolatile C) Organized by business dimension or subject D) Time variant
B) Nonvolatile
In the video case for telemedicine, Dr. Ana Lopez, who is the Medical Director of the Arizona Telemedicine Program, described how advances pioneered at the University of Arizona in tele-medicine and tele-pathology have improved the standard of health care in what way? A) Offering access to healthcare to individuals in correctional institutions B) Offering bundled, same-day assessment in the diagnosis of breast cancer C) Referrals for individuals calling the Poison and Drug Information Center D) Offering robotic surgery to military personnel in battlefields E) Offering on-site training physicians and nursing staff in rural communities
B) Offering bundled, same-day assessment in the diagnosis of breast cancer
What is NOT a factor contributing to the Bullwhip Effect? A) Shortage Gaming B) Outsourcing C) Price Promotions D) Batch Purchasing E) Forecasting/Trend Analysis
B) Outsourcing
Employee # is the _____ in the Employee file and the _____ in the Class File. A) Primary key; identifier B) Primary Key; secondary key C) Secondary key; identifier D) Second key; primary key
B) Primary Key; secondary key
In the Thoughtful Design video case, Don Norman explained cultural perceptions in design through the use of what common, everyday item?A) Opening and closing a door B) Salt and pepper shakers C) A shopping cart D) The signs on restroom doors E) Trash and cigarette waste containers
B) Salt and pepper shakers
What type of problem has an optimal solution can be reached through single set of steps based on an algorithm? A) Strategic B) Structured C) Management D) Collaborative E) Unstructured
B) Structured
What type of problem has an optimal solution that can be reached through a single set of steps based on an algorithm? A) Strategic B) Structured C) Management D) Collaborative E) Unstructured
B) Structured
Why did ABOR (Arizona Board of Regents) require the University allocate US$400,000 from tuition revenue each year to the Green Fund? A) This was the court settlement from a sustainability lawsuit files by the EPA B) Students used social media to protest when the proposed C) "Green Fee" was not presented to the Board D) The Federal EPEAT law required universities to spend money on sustainability E) The University has a structural budget surplus that must be spent each year (IMAGE)
B) Students used social media to protest when the proposed
Subjective knowledge that is based an individual's experiences is know as what? A) Refined knowledge B) Tacit knowledge C) Technical knowledge D) Explicit knowledge E)Procedural knowledge
B) Tacit knowledge
Subjective knowledge that is based an individual's experiences is known as what? A) Refined knowledge B) Tacit knowledge C) Technical knowledge D) Explicit knowledge E) Procedural knowledge
B) Tacit knowledge
When displaying a webpage, such as http://www.u.arizona.edu/~wilbur, what is the name of the directory the web browser will check in the "wilbur" account for the "index.html" website? A) The "home" directory B) The "public_html" directory C) The "www" directory D) The "web" directory E) The "wilbur" directory
B) The "public_html" directory
In the "Nestle & The Digital Acceleration Team" video case, the focus of the Nestle initiative was focused on enhancing their brands through which social media platform? A) Youtube, Facebook, Pinterest B) Twitter, Youtube, Facebook C) Instagram, WhatsApp, Tumblr D) Pinterest, Google+, Linkedin E) Facebook, Pinterest, Tumblr
B) Twitter, Youtube, Facebook
In our discussion of the Eller websites, issues such as user interface consistency, design standards, and branding are all components contributing to what larger issue? A) Information privacy B) Website Value Proposition C) Six Sigma Certification D) Spatial frequency reuse E) Information Transparency
B) Website Value Proposition
In the sustainability project to reduce waste at basketball and football games, a key factor in improving the diversion rate was: A) Offering discounting ticket prices for recyclers B) Working purchasing to use products that can be recycled C) Eliminating trash cans at the stadium and McKale arena D) Remodeling the stadium and McKale arena to be LEED buildings E) Changing to pre-packaged food products and bottled beverages
B) Working purchasing to use products that can be recycled
A graphical description of a database that describes the way in which an organization's data and business activities are associated with one another is known as _____: A) A model of efficiency B) An entity relationship diagram C) An enterprise resource design D) A throughput analysis E) An artificial database scheme
B)An entity relationship diagram
When was the World Wide Web developed, and by whom? A) 1977-Charles Babbage B) 1981-Margret Thatcher C) 1989-Tim Berners-Lee D) 1991-Al Gore
C) 1989-Tim Berners-Lee
What is a privacy/security seal? A) A tool to protect Excel files B) The logo of the Center for Democracy and Technology C) A logo demonstrating that a website follows specified privacy protection standards D) An antivirus E) None of the above
C) A logo demonstrating that a website follows specified privacy protection standards
What type of data structure allows us to organize multi-dimensional information from a data warehouse so that it can be viewed using different data abstractions (or projections)? A) Neural network B) Click stream C) Data cube D) Executive dashboard E) Decision support system
C) Data cube
What type of data structure allows us to organize multi-dimensional information from a data warehouse so that it can be viewed using different data abstractions (or projections)? A) Neural network B) Click stream C) Data cube D) Executive dashboard E) Decision support system
C) Data cube
A Cost-Benefit Analysis is related mostly to what type of project management feasibility assessment? A) Technical B) Operational C) Economic D) Political E) Ethical
C) Economic
In the SCOR model, competitive requirements such as reliability, responsiveness, and agility are all related to what dimension of a vendor's performance? A) Efficiency B) Mapping C) Effectiveness D) Productivity E) Modeling
C) Effectiveness
The term used to define the degree to which a goal is achieved is: A) Efficiency B) Productivity C) Effectiveness D) Enhancement E) Expectations
C) Effectiveness
What is the most significant threat to information security in the cloud for most companies? A) Packet Monitoring B) Remote Hackers C) Employee Behavior D) WiFi Monitoring
C) Employee Behavior
Often presented visually on an executive dashboard, what type of report focuses attention on business processes whose performance fall outside the range of their defined KPI metrics? A) Batch B) Drill-down C) Exception D) Ad hoc E) Annual
C) Exception
Often presented visually on an executive dashboard, what type of report focuses attention on business processes whose performance falls outside the range of their defined KPI metrics? A) Batch B) Drill-down C) Exception D) Ad hoc E) Annual
C) Exception
Which of the project management documents includes all three of the triple constraints? A) Spiderweb Diagram B) PERT Chart C) Gantt Chart D) Cross-functional Diagram E) Hierarchical Diagram
C) Gantt Chart
In the McGinn model of design, the most common category of design elements would be related to what factor in the McGinn model? A) Context B) Culture C) Human Sensory D) Group E) Individual
C) Human Sensory
The sequence of activities performed by users of GroupSystems' ThinkTank product directly parallel the steps in what other business process? A) Transaction processing system B) Operational CRM C) Knowledge management cycle D) Economic globalization E) Just-in-time Inventory Management
C) Knowledge management cycle
In the "Mesa, Arizona PD - Smarter Policing with IBM i2 COPLINK leads to a safer Mesa" Video Case, information that used to take police days, weeks, or months to access can now be accessed how fast? A) Milliseconds B) Seconds C) Minutes D) Hours E) Days, Weeks, or Months
C) Minutes
What is the term used to describe the process of reducing the number of dimensions of a multi-dimensional data cube (e.g, from three dimensions, perhaps season, location, and product, into two dimensions, such as season and location)? A) Simplification B) Variable C) Projection D) Context E) Function
C) Projection
What is the term used to describe the process of reducing the number of dimensions of a multi-dimensional data cube (e.g., from three dimensions, perhaps season, location, and product, into two dimensions, such as season and location)? A) Simplification B) Variable C) Projection D) Context E) Function
C) Projection
Cloud computing ______, which means a customer can access needed computing resources automatically. A) Encompasses the characteristics of grid computing B) Encompasses the characteristics of utility computing C) Provides on-demand self-service D) Utilizes broad network access
C) Provides on-demand self-service
In a school database, an instructor can teach a class. "Teach" is an example of a/an: A) Degree B) Cardinality C) Relationship D) Attribute E) Primary Key
C) Relationship
When analyzing a set of click-stream data, what term is used describe the percentage of rows containing an item relative to the total number of rows? A) Projection B) Visualization C) Support D) Metadata E) Induction
C) Support
When analyzing a set of click-stream data, what term is used describes the percentage of rows containing an item relative to the total number of rows? A) Projection B) Visualization C) Support D) Metadata E) Induction
C) Support
When analyzing a set of click-stream data, what term is used to describe the percentage of rows containing a item relative to the total number of rows? A) Projection B) Visualization C) Support D) Metadata E) Induction
C) Support
When analyzing a set of click-stream data, what term is used to describe the percentage of rows containing an item relative to the total number of rows? A) Projection B) Visualization C) Support D) Metadata E) Induction
C) Support
How does telemedicine improve the delivery of medical care in rural communities? A) Telemedicine allows patients to make a preliminary self-diagnosis online B) Telemedicine prevents physicians from making errors during surgery C) Telemedicine reduces the need for patients to travel to physician's offices D) "Telemedicine Avatars" can perform routine procedures without the physician E) Telemedicine will allow a physician to meet with multiple patients at the same time
C) Telemedicine reduces the need for patients to travel to physician's offices
What collaboration tool was discussed in class that enhances the participants' contextual awareness by sharing non-verbal information during meetings? A) Teleportation B) Twitter C) Telepresence D) Crowdsourcing E) Six Sigma
C) Telepresence
Developed by the US Navy, a PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) chart would help a project manager understand what aspect of a project? A) Whether the major project milestones are being completed on budget B) Individual work assignments for persons assigned to the project C) The project milestones and the order they are scheduled to be completed D) Whether project tasks have been organized in the most efficient order E) The quality of the work performed during each major project milestone
C) The project milestones and the order they are scheduled to be completed
Physical properties (shape, texture, color, etc.) of an object that allow someone to use an object correctly without the need for labels or instructions as known as: A) Constraints B) Distinctions C) Feedback D) Affordances E) Models
D) Affordances
Which of the following is not a benefit that big data analysis can offer over small volume human coded data? A) Big data analysis can provide a composite view of complex environments B) Big data analysis is not prone to human biases C) Big data analysis can handle very large datasets D) Big data analysis is less messy and noisy in terms of data cleanliness E) Big data analysis is often faster than assembling a vast team of human experts
D) Big data analysis is less messy and noisy in terms of data cleanliness
The estimated yearly cost of reading privacy policies in the US is in the order of: A) Negligible B) Thousands of dollars C) Millions of dollars D) Billions of dollars E) Nobody tried to estimate such cost
D) Billions of dollars
In the "ThinkTank 2.0 Demo Video" Video Case, the steps of an ideation session were demonstrated. What was the flow? A) Brainstorming, Clarification, Bucketing, Assess Opinions through voting B) Brainstorming, Bucketing, Assess Opinions through voting, Clarification C) Bucketing, Brainstorming, Clarification, Assess Opinions through voting D) Brainstorming, Bucketing, Clarification, Assess Opinions through voting E) Clarification, Bucketing, Brainstorming, Assess Opinions through voting
D) Brainstorming, Bucketing, Clarification, Assess Opinions through voting
Based on the lecture on Decision Matrices, which alternative(s) do you think we should evaluate further for comparison? A) CRM B) SCM C) Automated Payroll D) CRM & SCM E) All three
D) CRM & SCM
A Hybrid Cloud A) Is owned by the firm using it B) Is leased from another company C) It provided by government agencies D) Combines private and outsourced resources
D) Combines private and outsourced resources
Which of the following knowledge management concepts includes an organizational culture focused on problem solving, a desire to share knowledge because of mutual interest, and norms that build trust such as might be found in an MIS 111 FlexLab? A) Best practices community B) Knowledge management cycle C) Intellectual capital community D) Community of practice E) Click-stream analysis
D) Community of practice
Which of the following knowledge management concepts includes an organizational culture focused on problem solving, a desire to share knowledge because of mutual interest, and norms that build trust, such as might be found in an MIS 111 FlexLab? A) Best practices community B) Knowledge management cycle C) Intellectual capital community D) Community of practice E) Click-stream analysis
D) Community of practice
What is the process of solving problems and producing things by connecting people that you otherwise would not know using the internet? A) Data mining B) Knowledge management C) Group decision support systems D) Crowdsourcing E) Distance learning
D) Crowdsourcing
What technique has been used by companies such as Starbucks and Netflix used to engage large numbers of non-employees to innovate, manage, design and market new products? A) Executive dashboards B) Click-stream analysis C) Capacity planning D) Crowdsourcing E) Six Sigma
D) Crowdsourcing
In the Database Management case study discussed in class, how did marketing use information to improve the profitability of their sales? A) Sales data helped develop a product "recommender" system like Amazon's B) More accurate calculation of sales commissions C) Restocking levels were determined based on sales forecasts D) Customers were classified according into a status level and market segment E) Sales channels were selected for customers based on responses to promotions
D) Customers were classified according into a status level and market segment
In the case study discussed in Database Management class, how did marketing use information to improve the profitability of their sales? A) Sales data helped develop a product "recommender" system like Amazon's B) More accurate calculation of sales commissions C) Restocking levels were determined based on sales forecasts D) Customers were classified according into a status level and market segment E) Sales channels were selected for customers based on responses to promotions
D) Customers were classified according into a status level and market segment
Concerns over discrimination, data contamination, and intellectual property (ownership of information) were legal and ethical issues discussed in relation to what topic? A) Telemedicine B) Crowdsourcing C) Click-stream analysis D) Data mining E) Project management
D) Data mining
Concerns over discrimination, data contamination, and intellectual property (ownership of information) were legal and ethical issues discussed in relation to what topic? A) Telemedicine B) Crowdsourcing C) Click-stream analysis D) Data mining E) Project management
D) Data mining
Reality mining is a type of _____. A) Dashboard B) Database C) Data mining D) Data visualization technology
D) Data visualization technology
Small companies typically use ______ for their BI. A) Dashboards B) Data mining C) Data visualization D) Excel
D) Excel
From a user's perspective, perceived affordances would include actual perceptible design affordances and what other category of perceptual affordances?A) Correct rejection of design characteristic that are not affordances B) Hidden design affordances C) Design mitigation affordances D) False or fake design affordances E) Accessible affordances
D) False or fake design affordances
What technology was developed to address problems such as a lack of focus, fear of speaking, hidden agendas and misunderstandings then collaborating with others?A) Data Mining B) Communities of practice C) Executive Dashboard D) Group Decision Support Systems E) Crowdsourcing
D) Group Decision Support Systems
What technology was developed to address problems such as a lack of focus, fear of speaking, hidden agendas, and misunderstandings then collaborating with others? A) Data Mining B) Communities of practice C) Executive Dashboard D) Group Decision Support Systems E) Crowdsourcing
D) Group Decision Support Systems
What technology was developed to address problems such as a lack of focus, fear or speaking, hidden agendas, and misunderstandings then collaborating with others? A) Data Mining B) Communities of practice C) Executive Dashboard D) Group Decision Support Systems E) Crowdsourcing
D) Group Decision Support Systems
What technology was developed to address problems such as lack of focus, fear of speaking, hidden agendas, and misunderstanding then collaborating with others? A) Data Mining B) Communities of practice C) Executive Dashboard D) Group Decision Support Systems E) Crowdsourcing
D) Group Decision Support Systems
In addition to possessing contextual and relevant information, what other characteristic aspect does knowledge possess? A) It is an entity class B) It solves a structured problem C) It is always displayed visually D) It is actionable E) It is consistent
D) It is actionable
The success of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) is based upon two key features: contributor anonymity (i.e., the identity of the person making the comment or suggestion is not known), and what other important feature? A) Analytical CRM B) Reintermediation C) Disintermediation D) Parallel Discussions E) Six Sigma
D) Parallel Discussions
The success of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) is based upon two key features: contributors anonymity (i.e., the identity of the person making the comment or suggestion is not known), and what other important feature? A) Analytical CRM B) Reintermediation C) Disintermediation D) Parallel Discussions E) Six Sigma
D) Parallel Discussions
In the "ThinkTank 2.0 Demo Video" Video Case, what fundamentally drove the accelerated capture of Brainstorming ideas as compared to traditional Brainstorming methodologies? A) Participants entered their ideas by typing them B) Participants entered their ideas by speaking into voice recognition software on their mobile phones C) Participants entered ideas by texting them in D) Participants entered their ideas simultaneously, in parallel with each other E) Participants entered their ideas using Facebook
D) Participants entered their ideas simultaneously, in parallel with each other
According to the Video Case on Decision Matrices, what factors should be used when making a decision? A) Only Quantitative Factors B) Only Qualitative Factors C) Only Productivity Factors D) Quantitative and Qualitative Factors E) Qualitative, Quantitative, and Productivity Factors
D) Quantitative and Qualitative Factors
What technology has been used for such diverse applications as reducing counterfeiting tickets at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, tracking lost pets, and toll collecting on highways? A) SCOR B) MRP-II C) Infrared D) RFID E) CFAR
D) RFID
Google Docs in an example of? A) IaaS B) GaaS C) PaaS D) SaaS E) WaaS
D) SaaS
In project management, the "Iron Triangle" or "Triple Constraint" includes a project's time, resources and what other dimension of the planning process? A) Alignment B) Feasibility C) Agility D) Scope E) Value
D) Scope
In project management, the "Iron Triangle" or "Triple Constraint" includes a project's time, resources, and what other dimension of the planning process? A) Alignment B) Feasibility C) Agility D) Scope E) Value
D) Scope
In the Software Development Lifecycle Process (SDLC), in what SDLC stage is it the most costly to make changes to the system requirements A) System Design B) Systems Programming C) Systems Testing D) Systems Operation and Maintenance E) Systems Implementation
D) Systems Operation and Maintenance
Assume you need to put a sign that says "PUSH" on a door handle to explain the correct way to operate the door. The "PUSH" sign helps a user understand what aspect of usability?A) The sign explains a perceptible affordance B) The sign explains a correct rejection C) The sign explains a hidden affordance D) The sign explains a false affordance E) The sign explains a consistent affordance
D) The sign explains a false affordance
With respect to a product's design, who forms (determines) the "mental model" of a system's user interface? A) The designers of the product B) The company's senior management C) The writers of the product's instructional manual D) The users of the product E) The government regulators overseeing the industry
D) The users of the product
The _____ test proposes a scenario in which a man and a computer both pretend to be women or men, and a human interviewer has to identify which is the real human. A) Google B) SkyNet C) Terminator D) Turing
D) Turing
Universal or accessible design should be viewed as a subset of what larger design issue? A) Affordances B) Constraints C) Metaphors D) Usability E) Distinctions
D) Usability
A feature of an object that limits possible (often incorrect) uses of a device is known as: A) False causality B) A visible metaphor C) A conceptual distinction D) An affordance E) A constraint
E) A constraint
Which of the following would motivate businesses to create accessible eCommerce websites for their customers? A) The website is likely easier for all users to navigate B) Usable designs are often better designs C) To capitalize on a larger base of potential customers D) To comply with ADA and Section 508 of Rehabilitation Act E) All (A-D) of the above
E) All (A-D) of the above
Which of the following would motivate businesses to create accessible eCommerce websites for their customers? A) The website is likely easier for all users to navigate B) Usable designs are often better designs C) To capitalize on a larger base of potential customers D) To comply with ADA and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act E) All (A-D) of the above
E) All (A-D) of the above
When you are managing your marketing with Databases, all of the following except what are kept in the database records? A) Web behavior and Cookies B) Promotion Responses C) Transactions and Purchases D) Customer Communications via Fax, Phone, or Mail E) All of these are kept in the database
E) All of these are kept in the database
When you are managing your marketing with Databases, all of the following expect what are kept in the database records? A) Web behavior and Cookies B) Promotion Responses C) Transactions and Purchases D) Customer Communications via Fax, Phone or Mail E) All of these are kept in the database
E) All of these are kept in the database
Which of these is NOT an essential Cloud Computing characteristic? A) On-Demand Service B) Resource Pooling C) Elasticity (ability ch change or scale) D) Measured Service, (Pay for like a utility, what you need) E) Compliance (HIPPA, PCI)
E) Compliance (HIPPA, PCI)
The task of brainstorming in a group decision support system is similar to what step in the knowledge management cycle? A) Disseminate B) Publish C) Refine D) Store E) Create
E) Create
In a project plan, the set of tasks that define the minimum amount of time required to complete the project is known as the: A) Milestone B) Project plan C) Work product D) Work breakdown structure E) Critical Path
E) Critical Path
In the management of the Eller College of Management's website, which of the following is considered as the highest priority in the website transformation process? A) Consistent design and navigation B) Enhance interactive components C) Timely and easy updates D) Usability on desktop and mobile E) Defined audience
E) Defined audience
In the "Don Norman: Thoughtful Design" Video Case, what did he say was the most important part / thing to take into account when creating a good and thoughtful design? A) Simplicity B) Flexibility C) How will it work D) How the designer thinks it should work E) How the user thinks it should work
E) How the user thinks it should work
In the "Don Norman: Thoughtful Design" Video Case, what did he say was the most important part / thing to take into account when creating a good and thoughtful design? A) Simplicity B) Flexibility C) How will it works D) How the designer thinks it should work E) How the user thinks it should work
E) How the user thinks it should work
In the McGinn model of design, the least common category of design elements would be related to what factor in the McGinn model? A) Context B) Culture C) Human Sensory D) Group E) Individual
E) Individual
Within the realm of management information systems and health, what is one way to obtain better decisions? A) Make the same decisions for both the population and patient level B) Use proprietary legacy systems C) Start with claims and financial data and then focus on clinical diagnostics D) Ignore actionable data E) Leverage organizational knowledge
E) Leverage organizational knowledge
In the Video Case from IBM Analytics "Better Business Outcomes - This is data" video case, what is analytics at its base? What are we fundamentally trying to accomplish with analytics? A) Capture large volumes of Data B) Understand the Past C) Forecasts of the Future D) Address a CEO's biggest business Challenge E) Understanding Patterns
E) Understanding Patterns
Biometric Identification
Fingerprint Retinal Pattern Hand or Facial Geometry
Access Controls?
Identification Authentication Authorization Accountability
What does POUR stand for?
Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust
