NCCAOM A&P Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron System (RAAS)
Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II by which enzyme? -transferase enzyme -ACE enzyme -oxidoreductase enzyme -ADA enzyme
ACE
Angiotensin I is further broken down in the lungs by the _____ enzyme into angiotensin II. ACE Renin CCK hCG
ACE
The primary role of _____ is to regulate the balance of potassium, sodium, and water by affecting the absorption of all three in the kidneys. ACE Aldosterone Renin ADH
Aldosterone
Angiotensin I is converted into angiontensin II by ______ CCK ACE hCG hCS
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Renin is produced by the ____. Lungs Kidneys Liver Spleen
Kidneys
The _____ enzyme circulates in the blood stream and breaks down angiotensinogen secreted from the liver into angiotensin I ACE Renin CCK hCG
Renin
Aldosterone is made in the -pituitary gland -pineal -adrenal cortex -adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex (outer portion)
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of -histone deacetylase -aldosterone -ACE-enzyme -renin
aldosterone
Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of the hormone angiotensinogen ACE aldosterone plasminogen activator inhibitor
aldosterone
angiotensin causes the adrenal cortex to release _____, which is a hormone known to increase thirst and reduce renal release of sodium, therefore increasing water retention. CCK hCG TSH aldosterone
aldosterone
Plasma renin carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen released by the liver to aldosterone ACE angiotensin I angiotensin II
angiotensin I
Angiotensin I is formed by the action of renin on -angiotensinogen -aldosterone -ACE -angiotensin II
angiotensinogen
Renin acts by cleaving _____, produced in the liver, to form angiotensin I; angiotensin I, in turn, is cleaved by ____ in the lung to form angiotensin II.
angiotensinogen, ACE
ARB inhibitors such as Micardis (telmisartan) and Diovan (alsartan) -prevents calcium from entering muscle cells of the HT and blood vessels -block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II -increase excretion of excess salt and fluid from the body -block angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptor
block angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptor by reducing the binding and activity of angiotensin II, ARB (angiotensin II receptor blockers) cause a widening of blood vessels and reduce blood pressure; most of the generic names of ARB inhibitors end in -rtan
ACE inhibitors such as Vaster (enalapril maleate) and Capoten (captopril) -increase excretion of excess salt and fluid from the body -block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II -block angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptor -prevent calcium from entering the blood
block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Drugs that use angiotensin II inhibitors result in the reduction in -clotting time -fibrillation -blood pressure -peristalsis
blood pressure
angiotensin is capable of causing vasoconstriction, which in turn causes an increase in systemic ____ _______.
blood pressure
When you hear "renin-angiotensin system", you should think-
blood pressure regulation
ACE is found in the _____ throughout the body. lymph capillaries muscles bone marrow
capillaries
Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to -dilate -become porous -constrict -fibrillate
constrict extremely potent vasoconstrictor
Angiotensin is released and produced by the -liver -kidneys -adrenal cortex -lung
liver -angiotensinogen is a peptide produced by the liver -when angiotensinogen combines with renin the enzyme angiotensin is produced -angiotensin is a peptide found in the blood -peptides are compounds composed of two or more amino acids linked in a chain -angiotensin is capable of causing vasoconstriction, which in turn causes an increase in systemic blood pressure -angiotensin also causes the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which is a hormone known to increase thirst and reduce renal release of sodium, therefore increasing water retention
Due to the high amounts of capillaries, the ______ have the highest concentration of ACE. liver kidneys spleen lung
lung
The secretion of renin is stimulated by all EXCEPT -norepinephrine released by sympathetic nerves -parasympathetic response -low blood sodium -decreased blood pressure
parasympathetic response
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water and sodium, while causing _____ to be excreted in exchange for the sodium. Potassium Iron CCK Electrolytes
potassium
when angiotensinogen combines with ______ the enzyme angiotensin is produced. thymosin TSH renin CCK
renin
When blood volume is low, cells in the kidneys -absorb potassium -absorb magnesium -secrete renin -secrete ACE
secrete renin
Aldosterone promotes -angiotensin release -urinary excretion -potassium retention -sodium retention
sodium retention