NCLEX Endocrine System

Which disease is caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone? A. Acromegaly B. Diabetes insipidus C. Cushing's syndrome D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

B. Diabetes insipidus

The nurse recalls that the events of heat production through the endocrine system occur in what order? 1. Release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland 2. Stimulation of the anterior pituitary gland 3. Release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 4. Release of epinephrine from activated adrenal medulla 5. Increase in metabolic rate, stimulation of glycolysis, and vasoconstriction 6. Hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone

6. Hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone 2. Stimulation of the anterior pituitary gland 3. Release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 1. Release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland 4. Release of epinephrine from activated adrenal medulla 5. Increase in metabolic rate, stimulation of glycolysis, and vasoconstriction

After assessing a client, the nurse anticipates that the client has hyperpituitarism. Which questions asked by the nurse helps confirm the diagnosis? Select all that apply. A. "Is there any change in your vision?" B. "Do you experience severe headaches?" C. "Are you suffering with frequent urination?" D. "Do you eat more than five times a day?" E. "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle?"

A. "Is there any change in your vision?" B. "Do you experience severe headaches?" E. "Is there any change in your menstrual cycle?"

A client, visiting the health center, reports feeling nervous, irritable, and extremely tired. The client says to the nurse, "Although I eat a lot of food, I have frequent bouts of diarrhea and am losing weight." The nurse observes a fine hand tremor, an exaggerated reaction to external stimuli, and a wide-eyed expression. What laboratory tests may be prescribed to determine the cause of these signs and symptoms? A. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and prothrombin time (PT) B. T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test and complete blood count (CBC) D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

B. T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A client complains of weight gain and purplish-blue striae on the abdomen. Which condition does the nurse anticipate in the client? A. Hypothyroidism B. Addison's disease C. Cushing's syndrome D. Pheochromocytoma

C. Cushing's syndrome

After recording the blood pressure of a client, the primary health care provider confirms a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. What blood pressure may have helped confirm the diagnosis? A. 90/70 mmHg B. 80/60 mmHg C. 120/80 mmHg D. 190/90 mmHg

D. 190/90 mmHg

The registered nurse is teaching the student nurse how to care for a client with hyperpituitarism who is being treated with bromocriptine mesylate. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? A. Gastric irritation should be reported immediately. B. Drug dose should be reduced if pregnancy occurs. C. Drug should be taken 30 minutes after meals. D. Low dose of the drug should be given while initiating therapy.

D. Low dose of the drug should be given while initiating therapy.

How does the nurse arrange the events that take place during the promotion of glucose transportation into the cells through cell membranes? 1. Attachment of insulin to receptors 2. Secretion of proinsulin by beta cells 3. Storage of proinsulin in the pancreas 4. Transformation of proinsulin into active insulin

2. Secretion of proinsulin by beta cells 3. Storage of proinsulin in the pancreas 4. Transformation of proinsulin into active insulin 1. Attachment of insulin to receptors

The nurse is providing care for a client with small-cell carcinoma of the lung who develops the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What clinical findings correspond with the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Select all that apply. A. Edema B. Polyuria C. Bradycardia D. Hypotension E. Hyponatremia

A. Edema E. Hyponatremia

A client reports their lips feel thicker, as well as joint pain and coarse facial features. What should the nurse suspect as the cause of the anterior pituitary hyperfunction? A. Excessive secretion of growth hormone B. Excessive secretion of prolactin hormone C. Excessive secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A. Excessive secretion of growth hormone

Which gland does the nurse state is an exocrine gland? A. Thyroid gland B. Salivary gland C. Pituitary gland D. Parathyroid gland

B. Salivary gland

The registered nurse instructs the new nurse in orientation regarding the physiologic processes of the endocrine system prior to client assessment. Which statement made by the new nurse indicates effective learning? A. "The endocrine system comprises glands with narrow ducts." B. "The endocrine system comprises salivary and lacrimal glands." C. "The hormones of the endocrine system exert their action by 'lock and key' mechanism." D. "The hormones secreted by endocrine system exert their action on all tissues they contact."

C. "The hormones of the endocrine system exert their action by 'lock and key' mechanism."

The registered nurse is caring for a client hospitalized with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which action performed by the nurse may result in a positive outcome of the treatment? A. Obtaining the client's weight weekly B. Elevating the head of the bed to 20 degrees C. Changing the position of the client frequently D. Restricting the client's total fluid intake to 500 mL/day

C. Changing the position of the client frequently

While assessing a client with adrenal gland hypofunction receiving drug therapy, the nurse finds that the client has a round face, rapid weight gain, and swelling in the body. Which medication change should the nurse expect the primary healthcare provider to make? A. Dose adjustment of cortisone B. Dose adjustment of prednisone C. Dose adjustment of hydrocortisone D. Dose adjustment of fludrocortisones

C. Dose adjustment of hydrocortisone

After surgical clipping of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, a client develops the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What manifestations are exhibited with excessive levels of antidiuretic hormone? A. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hypotension B. Hyperkalemia and poor skin turgor C. Hyponatremia and decreased urine output D. Polyuria and increased specific gravity of urine

C. Hyponatremia and decreased urine output

Which hormones does the nurse state are released by the hypothalamus? Select all that apply. A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone (MIH) D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) E. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

C. Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone (MIH) D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) E. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

A primary healthcare provider prescribes a low-sodium, high-potassium diet for a client with Cushing syndrome. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the client about the need to follow this diet? A. "The use of salt probably contributed to the disease." B. "Excess weight will be gained if sodium is not limited." C. "The loss of excess sodium and potassium in the urine requires less renal stimulation." D. "Excessive aldosterone and cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."

D. "Excessive aldosterone and cortisone cause retention of sodium and loss of potassium."

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with hyperpituitarism due to a prolactin-secreting tumor. Which clinical manifestation can help confirm the diagnosis? A. Hypertrophy of skin B. Enlargement of liver C. Hypertrophy of the heart D. Absence of menstruation

D. Absence of menstruation

A client with diabetes states, "I cannot eat big meals; I prefer to snack throughout the day." What information should the nurse include in response to this client's statement? A. Regulated food intake is basic to control. B. Salt and sugar restriction is the main concern. C. Small, frequent meals are better for glucose regulation. D. Large meals can contribute to a weight problem.

A. Regulated food intake is basic to control.

A nurse is assessing a female client with Cushing syndrome. Which clinical findings can the nurse expect to identify? Select all that apply. A. Hirsutism B. Menorrhagia C. Buffalo hump D. Dependent edema E. Migraine headaches

A. Hirsutism (excessive hairiness) C. Buffalo hump

A client is admitted for hypertension, and serum electrolyte studies have yielded abnormal results. The scheduled workup includes a scan for an aldosteronoma. What gland is affected in aldosteronoma? A. Kidney cortex B. Thyroid gland C. Pituitary gland D. Adrenal cortex

D. Adrenal cortex

A nurse is caring for a client with Addison disease. Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan to encourage this client to modify dietary intake? A. Increased amounts of potassium are needed to replace renal losses. B. Increased protein is needed to heal the adrenal tissue and thus cure the disease. C. Supplemental vitamins are needed to supply energy and assist in regaining the lost weight. D. Extra salt is needed to replace the amount being lost caused by lack of sufficient aldosterone to conserve sodium.

D. Extra salt is needed to replace the amount being lost caused by lack of sufficient aldosterone to conserve sodium.

The nurse develops a teaching plan for a client with diabetes who has been diagnosed with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). What measures should the nurse include to increase arterial blood flow to the extremities? A. Exercises that promote muscular activity B. Meticulous care of minor skin breakdown C. Elevation of the legs above the level of the heart D. Soaking the feet in hot water each day

A. Exercises that promote muscular activity

A nurse identifies that the client is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction. Which intervention should the nurse implement to relieve the symptoms associated with this reaction? A. Giving 4 oz (120 mL) of fruit juice B. Administering 5% dextrose solution intravenously (IV) C. Withholding a subsequent dose of insulin D. Providing a snack of cheese and dry crackers

A. Giving 4 oz (120 mL) of fruit juice

The nurse is assessing a client admitted to the hospital with a tentative diagnosis of an adrenal cortex tumor. When assessing the client, which of these are signs of Cushing disease? Select all that apply. A. Round face B. Dependent edema in the feet and ankles C. Increased fatty deposition in the extremities D. Thin, translucent skin with bruising E. Increased fatty deposition in the neck and back

A. Round face B. Dependent edema in the feet and ankles D. Thin, translucent skin with bruising E. Increased fatty deposition in the neck and back

On the third postoperative day after a subtotal thyroidectomy for a tumor, a client complains of a "funny, jittery feeling." What is the nurse's best response to this statement? A. Explain that this reaction is expected and not a concern. B. Take the vital signs and place the client in a high-Fowler position. C. Request stat serum calcium and phosphorus levels and chart the results. D. Test for Chvostek and Trousseau signs and notify the primary healthcare provider of the complaints.

D. Test for Chvostek and Trousseau signs and notify the primary healthcare provider of the complaints.

A client with type 1 diabetes who has been adhering to a prescribed insulin regimen is admitted to the hospital in ketoacidosis. Which factor may have precipitated the ketoacidosis? A. Increased exercise B. Decreased food intake C. Working the night shift D. Upper respiratory infection

D. Upper respiratory infection

Which laboratory value may indicate hyperfunction of the adrenal gland in a client? A. Sodium: 143 mEq/L B. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L C. Bicarbonate: 25 mEq/L D. Total calcium: 10 mg/dL

B. Potassium: 2.9 mEq/L