NDFS FINAL
he Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting our intake of _________ and replacing them with ________.
(Trans Fat and Saturated Fat), (Monounsaturated, Polyunsaturated, & Omega-3 Fats)
If you consumed a total of 2600 kcals (Calories) per day and 15% came from protein, how many GRAMS of protein are you consuming?
97.5 grams
In nutrition research, a placebo is
A control that mimics the intervention without causing an effect (i.e. a sugar pill)
Which of the following is NOT a complete protein source?
Apples
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.
DNA
_______ occurs when the normal shape of a protein is disrupted by exposure to heat or acid.
Denaturation
Preliminary results of the Freshman Health Study at USU show a 50% decrease in vegetable consumption during the first semester of college (compared to the last 6 months of high school). Several participants in this study also gained weight during the same period of time. Which of the following conclusions would be MOST APPROPRIATE to make?
Eating fewer vegetables in college appears to be associated with weight gain.
The risk of dehydration in older adults compared to younger adults is
Higher
In the United States, salt is fortified with _____ to help prevent cretinism.
Iodine
A goiter may develop as a result of
Iodine Deficency
Glycogen is stored in
Liver and Muscle Cells
In the body, Vitamin A plays important roles in all of the following EXCEPT
Muscle Contraction CORRECT Vision Maintenance of Epithelial Tissue Growth & Bone Health
______ can be synthesized from tryptophan and _______ can be synthesized by bacteria in the GI tract.
Niacin, Vitamin K
Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?
Protein
This organelle resides in the cytoplasm of living cells and helps carry out protein synthesis by "translating" the mRNA strand.
Ribosome
Absorption occurs primarily in the ______________.
Small Intestine
Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid break down the muscular stomach lining and cause holes to form in the stomach's walls?
The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it from breaking down.
The GREEN section of MyPlate resents which food group?
Vegetables
Consuming a diet rich in potassium has been associated with ________ blood pressure.
a reduction in
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the
amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.
EER (estimated energy requirement)
average daily energy intake that meets needs of a healthy person who is maintaining his/her weight
The human body can absorb some ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
biotin
Vitamin A plays a critical role in all of the following functions EXCEPT _______.
blood clotting (Correct) immune response vision maintaining a healthy digestive tract
The human body needs vitamin K to ________.
form active blood clotting factors
Insulin
helps glucose enter cells.
________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
hemoglobin
Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?
potassium
Hyperkalemia can be caused by consumption of _______.
potassium supplements
Chyme is the
semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)
the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals
Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes
vegetables.
9 essential amino acids
1. Histidine 2. Isoleucine 3. Leucine 4. Lysine 5. Methionine 6. Phenylalanine 7. Threonine 8. Tryptophan 9. Valine
Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.
10 to 35
What is the desirable range for blood glucose?
70 - 99 mg/dl
Luisa is overweight and has a condition called prediabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition professional to help her lose weight. Which professional title should she seek to ensure that she will obtain reliable advice from a college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics?
A registered dietitian nutritionist who counsels patients in a hospital clinic
If Kara's body weight is 120 POUNDS, her RDA for protein is approximately
About 44 grams
If someone weighed 100 KILOGRAMS, what would their daily protein needs be (based on weight)?
About 80 grams
Which of the following would have the LEAST amount of protein?
Baby Carrots
Vitamin B12- 1 Sodium, Chloride, Potassium - 2 Thiamin (B1) -3 Niacin, Biotin, Vitamin K, Vitamin D - 4 . Vitamin C-5
Beri-Beri (deficiency)-3 Can be Synthesized (made) in the Body-4 Maintains Myelin Sheath around Nerve Cells-1 Electrolytes, Required for Fluid Balance-2 Broccoli, Potatoes, Kiwi, Strawberries, Peppers-5
High-protein diets may contribute to osteoporosis due to higher-than-normal urinary losses of which mineral?
Calcium
_____________ (or mental retardation) can result from a deficiency of __________ during pregnancy.
Cretinism, Iodine
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?
Dairy
n order for proteins to be used for energy, amino acids must be _____________ .
Deaminated
This segment of the small intestine is connected to the stomach and is where bile, bicarbonate, and other digestive juice enter the small intestine.
Duodenum
In order, the segments of the small intestine are
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?
Epidemiological
Compared to every other county in the nation, residents of Cache County have the longest life expectancy (seriously :)). Because of this, the National Institutes of Health awarded a grant to researchers at USU to determine relationships between age and certain lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, genetics, etc). Since this type of study is retrospective and OBSERVATIONAL (no interventions are being introduced), it would be considered a / an
Epidemiological Study
Riboflavin is easily destroyed by
Exposure to UV Light
A nutrient-dense diet provides lots of energy (kcals) in a small volume of food.
FALSE
n impoverished child living in a developing country is at risk of suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. If this child consumes insufficient dietary protein, what is the physiological consequence?
Insufficient protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make immune antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes.
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
Iron
Which of the following is a condition caused by protein-energy malnutrition and characterized by stunted growth, sparse and brittle hair, patches of skin discoloration, edema and swelling, a distended abdomen, infections, and poor wound healing?
Kwashiorkor
This major mineral is required for bone mineralization and nerve transmission. Food sources include nuts, legumes, whole grains, and dark green vegetables.
Magnesium
Which of the following is NOT classified as a complex carbohydrate?
Maltose
You are out of breakfast cereal and you're trying to decide between Cheerios, Grapenuts, Mini Wheats, and Fruit Loops. From your NutritionCalc Reports, you discovered that your diet is usually low in fiber. What would be the best cereal for your needs given the information below? Cheerios (2 g Fiber, 85 kcals) Grape Nuts (5 g Fiber, 197 kcals) Mini Wheats (6 g Fiber, 187 kcals) Fruit Loops (3 g Fiber, 150 kcals)
Mini Wheats
Which of the following statements is true?
Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex. A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. (Correct)
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?
Olive oil
Match the following (1 point for each correct match) 1-Epiglottis 2-Gallbladder 3- Colon 4-Pancreas 5-Sphincter
Prevents food from lodging in the trachea after swallowing-1 Produces bicarbonate, enzymes, and insulin-4 Stores and dispenses bile into the small intestine-2 Reabsorbs water and salts, stores waste-3 Prevents reverse peristalsis and backflow-5
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
Soluble fiber
A(n) ______ is circular muscle that opens and closes to regulate the movement of food particles during digestion.
Sphincter
Carbohydrates are created via photosynthesis in plants.
TRUE
Mechanical digestion, which involves chewing, mixing, and churning, breaks food into smaller particles, but it does not alter the chemical composition of food.
TRUE
Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
TRUE
Taking excessive dietary supplements that contain vitamin E may lead to uncontrolled bleeding.
TRUE
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein is 10 - 35% of kcals.
TRUE
Regarding protein synthesis, the process of transferring protein-making instructions from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) is called
Transcription (occurs in Nucleus)
Regarding protein synthesis, the process of "decoding" messenger RNA (mRNA) to create body proteins is called
Translation (occurs in Cytoplasm)
Which of the following Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations were developed to guard against overconsumption?
UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Levels)
nonessential nutrients
can be synthesized by the body
________ is the primary anion found in extracellular fluid.
chloride
Chloride is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.
energy metabolism CORRECT production of stomach acid transmission of nerve impulses regulation of fluid balance
A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been
enriched
Calcium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________.
fluid balance CORRECT blood clotting transmission of nerve impulses cellular metabolism
Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.
folate
This hormone is required for for glucose to enter body cells. It also transports excess carbohydrate back to the liver where it is either converted to glycogen or stored as fat.
insulin
Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________.
iron
________ must be added to grains during the enrichment process.
iron
A chylomicron is a type of ________.
lipoprotein
In the body, vitamin A helps ________.
maintain epithelial cells
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.
measles
nonorganic nutrients
minerals and water
Tom read in a body building magazine that vitamin B-6 is needed for absorption of amino acids to support muscle tissue synthesis. He bought a container of Mega B-6 capsules, which contain 250 milligrams of vitamin B-6 per capsule. The recommended dosage is 1 capsule per day, but Tom reasons that he has a long way to go to reach his body building goals, so he will take one with each meal. Vitamin B-6 intakes at this level are most likely to damage the _______ system.
nervous
Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.
nitrogen
In a person with type 1 diabetes, the blood sugar level remains high after a meal because ________.
no insulin is released
Zane had his blood pressure measured at a health fair. The blood pressure reading was 116/76. This is considered ________.
normal
The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine
pyloric
Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases the bioavailability of Biotin?
raw eggs
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
retrospective
________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.
riboflavin
Which of the following foods is NOT a significant source of carbohydrate?
salmon ( fish )
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
sardines
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________ fatty acid.
saturated
Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content in his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to ensure maximum vitamin content preservation EXCEPT _______.
storing fresh produce in plastic bags at room temperature - CORRECT cutting vegetables just before cooking/serving cooking vegetables in a small amount of water to minimize leaching cutting vegetables, before cooking, into large chunks to minimize surface area where vitamins can leach out
EAR (Estimated Average Requirement)
the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half (50%) the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group
Metabolism
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life: chemical reactions in supplying energy, making proteins, and eliminating waste
As a vegan, Sanako is at the greatest risk for a ________ deficiency.
vitamin B-12
Active transport requires energy, but not a specific transporter.
FALSE
essential nutrients
cannot be made by the body
Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Osteoporosis are all associated with a
vitamin D deficiency
This fat-soluble vitamin can be synthesized (made) in the GI tract
vitamin K
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
no energy
vitamins, minerals, water
A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiency.
zinc
f you consumed a total of 1800 kcals (Calories) per day and 60% came from carbohydrates, how many KCALS of carbohydrate are you consuming?
1080 kcals
Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake, according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal.
230
Bill recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average fat intake was ________% of total calories each day, which is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.
25
If you consumed a total of 2200 kcals (Calories) per day and 25% came from fat, how many KCALS of fat are you consuming?
550 kcals
If a small banana supplies 90,000 calories, it supplies _______ kilocalories.
90
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?
All of the choices are correct. (Correct) Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries. Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein. Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child.
What is a "limiting" amino acid (in terms of protein synthesis)?
An essential amino acid present in insufficient quantity for body protein synthesis to take place
Good food sources of Vitamin A include
Apricots, Pumpkins, Spinach, Sweet Potatoes
Which of the following is not one of the 9 essential amino acids?
Arginine Tryptophan Phenylalanine Methionine
Why are older adults at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency compared to younger people?
As you age, your stomach produces less acid, which limits cleavage of vitamin B-12 from food. In addition, decreased production of intrinsic factor by the stomach limits vitamin B-12 absorption.
Which of the following sources of oils would be recommended as part of a healthy diet?
Avocado
water soluble vitamins
B vitamins and vitamin C
Which of the following symptoms is not associated with hypokalemia?
Bone pain ( correct) Constipation Muscle cramps Loss of appetite
This hormone ( ______________ ) is stimulated by the presence of fat in the small intestine and triggers this organ ( ____________ ) to secrete ________________ into the duodenum. This helps slow stomach motility and allows fat to be digested.
Cholecystokinin (CCK), Gallbladder, Bile
Jeanette is a vegan concerned about her iron intake. Which of the following practices would you recommend to Jeanette to increase her iron intake from plant foods?
Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice
The purpose of the National Children's Study (the largest OBSERVATIONAL study ever done with children) is to identify trends and correlations among factors that influence infant and child health (data about diet, environment, activity, medical history, etc). This type of study would an example of a /an
Epidemiological Study
Carbohydrates are sometimes found in meat.
FALSE
Lipase is an example of an enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion.
FALSE
Secretin (a hormone) is stimulated by the presence of acidic chyme in the small intestine and triggers the liver to secrete cholecystokinin (CCK) until chyme is neutralized.
FALSE
Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 kcals per gram?
Fat found in Plant Sources
Which of the following is NOT true about Folate?
It must be bound to intrinsic factor (in the stomach) to be properly absorbed and utilized . ( CORRECT/NOT TRUE) It helps prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects like spina bifida, anencephaly, and cleft palate The daily recommended intake is 400 micrograms and needs increase during pregnancy Good food sources include green leafy vegetables, orange juice, and fortified breakfast cereals
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
Following absorption, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose in the
Liver
Bile is produced in the _________ and stored in the _________.
Liver, Gallbladder
Elevated levels of this lipoprotein are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and atherosclerosis.
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
This sphincter is situated between the esophagus and stomach.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Which of the following statements is true?
Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.
Which of the following functions as an emulsifier in the body and is required for cell membrane structure?
Phospholipids
Which of the following foods would contain the LEAST amount of dietary fiber?
Pudding
Regina's pregnant sister is interested in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two essential fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA and DHA?
Salmon
Which of the following descriptions regarding dietary fats is mismatched (INCORRECT) below?
Saturated Fats = Raise LDL, Lower HDL. Food Sources = Meat, Eggs, Milk, Olive Oil. ( correct) Trans Fats = Raise LDL, Lower HDL, Increase Inflammation & Insulin Resistance. Food Sources = Donuts, Pastries, Snack Foods, Shortening. Monounsaturated Fats = Lower LDL, Don't Affect HDL. Food Sources = Olive Oil, Canola Oil, Avocados, Nuts, Seeds. Polyunsaturated Fats = Lower LDL. Food Sources = Fish, Vegetable Oils (Sunflower Oil, Safflower Oil), Flaxseed, Nuts.
A small flap of skin (called the epiglottis) folds over the trachea to direct food down the esophagus and prevent it from going to the lungs.
TRUE
Antibiotic usage often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.
TRUE
A deficiency of this fat-soluble vitamin results in xerophthalmia (irreversible blindness)
Vitamin A
Mrs. Kaplan is a 64-year-old woman who complains of extreme fatigue, frequent dizzy spells, and difficulty concentrating. Her blood tests reveal megaloblastic anemia and the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Mrs. Kaplan's physician diagnoses her with pernicious anemia, the result of an autoimmune disease that impairs her absorption of _______.
Vitamin B-12
This water-soluble vitamin is only found in animal products and is sensitive to microwave heating.
Vitamin B12
This vitamin is stored in muscle tissue and is required for the synthesis of heme and nucleic acids.
Vitamin B6
Scurvy results with a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.
Vitamin C
This water-soluble vitamin is an example of an antioxidant.
Vitamin C
This fat-soluble vitamin is often referred to as the "Sunshine Vitamin".
Vitamin D
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin D
Significant amounts of this nutrient can be found in vegetable oils and wheat germ.
Vitamin E
This fat-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant in the body. It is also needed for wound healing.
Vitamin E
This fat-soluble vitamin is found in wheat germ and vegetable oils.
Vitamin E
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, K
energy
carbohydrates, lipids, protein
organic nutrients
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water
Ten-month old baby Gabe loves to eat pureed sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. Recently, Gabe's mother noticed that his skin had a yellow color, particularly his cheeks and hands. The yellowing of the skin Gabe has experienced is likely ________.
carotenemia
Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes, and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.
case-control
A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions.
conditionally essential
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be
converted into fat and stored.
A deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin is characterized by "the 4 D's" (dermatitis, dimentia, diarrhea, and death) are characteristics of a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.
niacin
Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?
niacin
UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level)
the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
Which of the following is the best dietary recommendation for improving GI transit time and preventing or treating constipation?
Increase Fiber and Fluid
Match the following terms (one point per correct answer) 1-Refined or Added Sugar 2-Table Sugar 3-Natural Sugar 4-Alternative Sweetener 5-Sugar Alcohol
Monosacchrarides or disaccharides in whole foods like fruits, vegetables, grain products, milk, etc. (i.e. Apples)-3 Sucrose. The common name for "regular" white granulated sugar. Usually extracted from sugar cane or sugar beets (16 kcals/tsp).- 2 Sugars added to foods during processing. Used to enhance flavor, add or retain moisture, provide bulk, or function as a preservative (i.e. Fruit Loops Cereal).-1 A sweetening agent used in place of sugar that provides little or no kcals. Examples include apartame ("Equal or Nutrasweet"), saccharin ("Sweet & Low"), and sucralose ("Splenda").-4 Alternative sweetener used to replace sucrose in some sugar-free foods (examples are sorbitol, xylitol, and mannitol). Does not promote tooth decay.-5
Which of the following statements is true?
Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. (correct) Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases.
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when designing a scientific investigation to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing osteoporosis (bone disease) in older adulthood?
Observational study
Consumers of regular soft drinks are likely to have excessive energy intakes that contribute to weight gain.
TRUE
Harmless bacteria (called intestinal flora or microflora) exist and thrive in the GI tract of healthy individuals.
TRUE
In the near future, dietitians may have the ability to make dietary recommendations based on an analysis of a person's genetic makeup in addition to traditional forms of health assessment.
TRUE
Ingredients are listed on a food label in order by weight (most to least).
TRUE
Which of the following is NOT one of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)?
Vitamins = 20 - 30% of kcals
Which of the following is NOT a classic symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following is NOT a classic symptom of diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?
Whole grain cereals Green leafy vegetables Legumes Yogurt ( correct )
The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for defining serving sizes and Percent Daily Values (%DV) of nutrients listed on the Nutrition Facts Label.
TRUE
Which of the following minerals is associated with taste acuity (taste perception) and normal growth and development?
Zinc
A possible explanation for an observation that guides scientific research is called ________.
a hypothesis
AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range)
a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients CARBO - 45-65 LIPIDS - 20-35 PROTEIN- 10-35
AI (Adequate Intake)
a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people-- Used when EAR cannot be determined
What element is found in proteins but NOT in carbohydrates or lipids?
Nitrogen
Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the following do you recommend?
All of the choices are correct. (Correct) Add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes. Snack on fresh fruit. Use whole-wheat pasta. Select a bran cereal for breakfast.
The pyloric sphincter is located at the top of the esophagus. And, like all sphincters, it is a circular muscle that opens and closes to regulate the movement of food particles.
FALSE
A person who is growing or pregnant would be expected to be in a state of __________.
Positive Nitrogen Balance
The carbohydrate "family" includes sugars, starch, and fiber.
TRUE
The pancreas secretes bicarbonate (to neutralize chyme) and enzymes. Insulin and glucagon (hormones which affect blood glucose & hunger) are also secreted by the pancreas.
TRUE
The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification.
TRUE
Bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, and other dairy products are all excellent food sources of this mineral (which is also an electrolyte).
Potassium
A kilocalorie is a unit of energy used to describe the amount of energy in a food or beverage. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?
A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.
Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?
Fatty fish and fish oils
This water-vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.
Folate
Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?
Fructose
Lactose is a disaccharide in milk that's composed of what two monosaccharides?
Glucose and Fructose
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving?
Iceberg lettuce Fat-free milk (Correct) Cheese nachos Soft margarine
his sphincter is situated between the small intestine and colon.
Ileocecal Valve
Which of the following statements about diabetes is MOST CORRECT?
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin ( correct ) People with Type 2 diabetes always require insulin therapy (shots everyday) Diabetes is primarily caused from consuming too much sugar In Type 1 diabetes, body cells are resistant to insulin (don't respond)
This water-soluble vitamin is widely distributed in foods but destroyed by freezing. A deficiency is associated with Burning Foot Syndrome (a condition observed in WWII POW soldiers).
Pantothenic Acid
Suppose you work at a biomedical lab and run the following blood lipid profile on a patient. How would you interpret the following results? LDL Cholesterol = 145 mg/dl Total Cholesterol = 210 mg/dl Triglyceride = 152 mg/dl HDL Cholesterol = 23 mg/dl
Patient has a low HDL value
________ contribute to the flexibility, structure, and proper functioning of cell membranes.
Phospholipids
This sphincter is situated between the stomach and small intestine.
Pyloric Sphincter
A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials, ________, after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.
RDN
Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs.
TRUE
Suppose you work at a company that evaluates employee health and rewards good values with lower insurance rates. If you get the following values back on your annual blood lipid profile, what can you conclude? Total Cholesterol = 145 mg/dl Triglyceride = 89 mg/dl LDL Cholesterol = 112 mg/dl HDL Cholesterol = 64 mg/dl
Total cholesterol is good, Triglyceride is good, LDL is a little high, HDL is good.
Eating a diet high in trans fatty acids has been shown to increase circulating levels of LDL. Why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods?
Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life.
Jared is a vegan. He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________.
vitamin C