KIN Ch 10

The three heads of the triceps surae together join to the _________

Achilles tendon

Identify the bones that make up the ankle joint. (More than one option may be correct.)

Distal tibia Talus Distal fibula

Identify the type of ankle joint movement shown in the given image.

Dorsiflexion

Identify the actions performed by the fibularis longus muscle. (More than one option may be correct.)

Eversion of the foot Plantar flexion of the ankle

When the knee is flexed slightly, the effect of the soleus is reduced, placing more work on the gastrocnemius.

False

What is the point of insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal bone

heel-strike

It is characterized by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation.

midstance

It is characterized by pronation and internal rotation of the foot and leg, respectively.

toe-off

It is characterized by the foot returning to supination and the leg returning to external rotation.

Identify an accurate statement about the gastrocnemius muscle.

It is effective as a knee flexor if the ankle is dorsiflexed.

What is the point of origin of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?

Middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia

Identify the point of origin of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.

Middle two-thirds of the medial surface of the anterior fibula

What is the point of origin of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

Middle two-thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula

plantar flexion

Movement of the ankle and foot away from the anterior tibia

dorsiflexion

Movement of the top of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia

How can the extensor hallucis longus muscle be stretched?

Passively taking the great toe into full flexion while the foot is everted and plantarflexed

Identify an action performed by the tibialis posterior muscle.

Plantar flexion of the ankle

What is the point of insertion of the soleus muscle?

Posterior surface of the calcaneus

lateral head

Posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle

medial head

Posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle

Where can the plantaris muscle be palpated?

Posteriorly medial to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius in an inferior direction

the first layer

The abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi (quinti)

What is the point of origin of the fibularis tertius muscle?

The distal third of the anterior fibula

the fourth layer

The dorsal interossei (four) and plantar interossei (three)

In the context of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, which of the following muscles is found on the dorsum of the foot and includes a band that attaches to the base of the first proximal phalanx?

The extensor digitorum brevis

Identify the ankle and foot muscles that act as plantar flexors as well as evertors.

The fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

the lateral compartment

The fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

the deep posterior compartment

The flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus, and tibialis posterior

the third layer

The flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, and flexor digiti minimi (quinti) brevis

the superficial posterior compartment

The gastrocnemius (medial head and lateral head), soleus, and plantaris

What is the point of origin of the fibularis longus muscle?

The head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula

Identify the origin of the plantaris muscle.

The inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the lateral femoral condyle, just above the lateral head of the gastrocnemius

Identify the point of insertion of the plantaris muscle.

The posterior medial surface of the calcaneus or into the medial Achilles tendon

the second layer

The quadratus plantae and lumbricals (four)

Which of the following muscles is used whenever the ankle plantar flexes?

The soleus muscle

What is the point of insertion of the fibularis tertius muscle?

The superior aspect of the base of the fifth metatarsal

Which of the following are the bones that form the rearfoot and the midfoot? (Check all that apply.)

The tarsals The talus The calcaneus

the anterior compartment

The tibialis anterior, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus

What is the point of insertion of the fibularis brevis muscle?

The tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

What is the point of insertion of the extensor hallucis longus muscle?

Top of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

What is the point of insertion of extensor digitorum longus muscle?

Tops of the middle and distal phalanxes of the four lesser toes

The fibularis brevis muscle, apart from being a primary evertor of the foot, assists in plantar flexion.

True

When the knees are bent, the gastrocnemius muscle becomes an ineffective plantar flexor.

True

inversion

Turning the ankle and foot inward

eversion

Turning the ankle and foot outward

Where can the gastrocnemius muscle be palpated?

Upper one-half of posterior aspect of lower leg

What is the point of origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia

Identify the best exercise for the fibularis longus muscle.

Walking barefoot or in stocking feet on the inside of the foot

The fibularis tertius, absent in some humans, is a small muscle that assists in ______.

dorsiflexion and eversion

Strength is necessary in the ______ muscle to maintain balance between the plantar and dorsal flexors. Multiple choice question.

extensor digitorum longus

The ______ muscle can palpated on the upper lateral side of the tibia between the tibialis anterior medially and the fibula laterally.

extensor digitorum longus

The ______ muscle originates in the lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula, and upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of the fibula.

extensor digitorum longus

The ______ muscle can be palpated at the proximal end of the fifth metatarsal just proximal and posterior to the lateral malleolus. The muscle can also be palpated immediately deep anteriorly and posteriorly to the peroneus longus with active eversion.

fibularis brevis

The ______ muscle passes posteroinferiorly to the lateral malleolus to pull on the base of the fifth metatarsal.

fibularis brevis

The ______ muscle may be palpated immediately posterior to the medial malleolus and tibialis posterior and immediately anterior to the flexor hallucis longus.

flexor digitorum longus

The ______ muscle can be palpated as the most posterior of the three tendons immediately behind the medial malleolus; between the medial soleus and the tibia.

flexor hallucis longus

The flexor digitorum longus may be stretched by passively taking the ______.

four lesser toes into extreme extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed

The ankle joint, technically known as the talocrural joint, is a ______ joint.

ginglymus-type

The flexor hallucis longus may be stretched by passively taking the ______.

great toe into extreme extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed

The tibialis posterior may be stretched by ______.

passively taking the foot into extreme eversion and dorsiflexion while the knee and toes are passively flexed

The tibialis anterior may be stretched by ______.

passively taking the foot into extreme eversion and plantar flexion

The fibularis longus may be stretched by ______

passively taking the foot into extreme inversion and dorsiflexion while the knee is flexed

The fibularis tertius may be stretched by ______.

passively taking the foot into extreme inversion and plantar flexion

The extensor digitorum longus may be stretched by ______.

passively taking the four lesser toes into full flexion while the foot is inverted and plantarflexed

The extensor hallucis longus may be stretched by ______.

passively taking the great toe into full flexion while the foot is everted and plantarflexed

The flexor digitorum longus muscle may be strengthened by ______.

performing towel grabs against resistance

The ______ nerve divides just below the head of the fibula to become the superficial and deep fibular nerves.

peroneal

There are three individual bones in each toe, except for the great toe, which has only two. Each of these bones is known as a(n) ________.

phalanx

The tibial division of the ______ nerve innervates the gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.

sciatic

_________ ___________is a slang term frequently used to describe an often chronic condition in which the tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles are inflamed.

shin splints

The ______ muscle can be palpated posteriorly under the gastrocnemius muscle on the medial and lateral sides of the lower leg.

soleus

In the context of the phases of walking, the ______ phase occurs when the foot leaves the ground and the leg moves forward to another point of contact.

swing

Just before reaching the ankle, the ______ nerve branches to become the medial and lateral plantar nerves, which innervate the intrinsic muscles of the foot.

tibial

As the ______ muscle contracts concentrically, it dorsiflexes the ankle and is used as an antagonist to the plantar flexors of the ankle.

tibialis anterior

The ______ muscle originates in the posterior surface of the upper half of the interosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula.

tibialis posterior

The flexor hallucis longus muscle may be specifically strengthened by performing ______.

towel grabs against resistance

The gastrocnemius and the soleus collectively are known as the ______.

triceps surae