KIN Ch 10
The three heads of the triceps surae together join to the _________
Achilles tendon
Identify the bones that make up the ankle joint. (More than one option may be correct.)
Distal tibia Talus Distal fibula
Identify the type of ankle joint movement shown in the given image.
Dorsiflexion
Identify the actions performed by the fibularis longus muscle. (More than one option may be correct.)
Eversion of the foot Plantar flexion of the ankle
When the knee is flexed slightly, the effect of the soleus is reduced, placing more work on the gastrocnemius.
False
What is the point of insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle?
Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal bone
heel-strike
It is characterized by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation.
midstance
It is characterized by pronation and internal rotation of the foot and leg, respectively.
toe-off
It is characterized by the foot returning to supination and the leg returning to external rotation.
Identify an accurate statement about the gastrocnemius muscle.
It is effective as a knee flexor if the ankle is dorsiflexed.
What is the point of origin of the flexor digitorum longus muscle?
Middle third of the posterior surface of the tibia
Identify the point of origin of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
Middle two-thirds of the medial surface of the anterior fibula
What is the point of origin of the flexor hallucis longus muscle?
Middle two-thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula
plantar flexion
Movement of the ankle and foot away from the anterior tibia
dorsiflexion
Movement of the top of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia
How can the extensor hallucis longus muscle be stretched?
Passively taking the great toe into full flexion while the foot is everted and plantarflexed
Identify an action performed by the tibialis posterior muscle.
Plantar flexion of the ankle
What is the point of insertion of the soleus muscle?
Posterior surface of the calcaneus
lateral head
Posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle
medial head
Posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle
Where can the plantaris muscle be palpated?
Posteriorly medial to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius in an inferior direction
the first layer
The abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi (quinti)
What is the point of origin of the fibularis tertius muscle?
The distal third of the anterior fibula
the fourth layer
The dorsal interossei (four) and plantar interossei (three)
In the context of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, which of the following muscles is found on the dorsum of the foot and includes a band that attaches to the base of the first proximal phalanx?
The extensor digitorum brevis
Identify the ankle and foot muscles that act as plantar flexors as well as evertors.
The fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
the lateral compartment
The fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
the deep posterior compartment
The flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus, and tibialis posterior
the third layer
The flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, and flexor digiti minimi (quinti) brevis
the superficial posterior compartment
The gastrocnemius (medial head and lateral head), soleus, and plantaris
What is the point of origin of the fibularis longus muscle?
The head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
Identify the origin of the plantaris muscle.
The inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the lateral femoral condyle, just above the lateral head of the gastrocnemius
Identify the point of insertion of the plantaris muscle.
The posterior medial surface of the calcaneus or into the medial Achilles tendon
the second layer
The quadratus plantae and lumbricals (four)
Which of the following muscles is used whenever the ankle plantar flexes?
The soleus muscle
What is the point of insertion of the fibularis tertius muscle?
The superior aspect of the base of the fifth metatarsal
Which of the following are the bones that form the rearfoot and the midfoot? (Check all that apply.)
The tarsals The talus The calcaneus
the anterior compartment
The tibialis anterior, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus
What is the point of insertion of the fibularis brevis muscle?
The tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal
What is the point of insertion of the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
Top of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
What is the point of insertion of extensor digitorum longus muscle?
Tops of the middle and distal phalanxes of the four lesser toes
The fibularis brevis muscle, apart from being a primary evertor of the foot, assists in plantar flexion.
True
When the knees are bent, the gastrocnemius muscle becomes an ineffective plantar flexor.
True
inversion
Turning the ankle and foot inward
eversion
Turning the ankle and foot outward
Where can the gastrocnemius muscle be palpated?
Upper one-half of posterior aspect of lower leg
What is the point of origin of the tibialis anterior muscle?
Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia
Identify the best exercise for the fibularis longus muscle.
Walking barefoot or in stocking feet on the inside of the foot
The fibularis tertius, absent in some humans, is a small muscle that assists in ______.
dorsiflexion and eversion
Strength is necessary in the ______ muscle to maintain balance between the plantar and dorsal flexors. Multiple choice question.
extensor digitorum longus
The ______ muscle can palpated on the upper lateral side of the tibia between the tibialis anterior medially and the fibula laterally.
extensor digitorum longus
The ______ muscle originates in the lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula, and upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of the fibula.
extensor digitorum longus
The ______ muscle can be palpated at the proximal end of the fifth metatarsal just proximal and posterior to the lateral malleolus. The muscle can also be palpated immediately deep anteriorly and posteriorly to the peroneus longus with active eversion.
fibularis brevis
The ______ muscle passes posteroinferiorly to the lateral malleolus to pull on the base of the fifth metatarsal.
fibularis brevis
The ______ muscle may be palpated immediately posterior to the medial malleolus and tibialis posterior and immediately anterior to the flexor hallucis longus.
flexor digitorum longus
The ______ muscle can be palpated as the most posterior of the three tendons immediately behind the medial malleolus; between the medial soleus and the tibia.
flexor hallucis longus
The flexor digitorum longus may be stretched by passively taking the ______.
four lesser toes into extreme extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed
The ankle joint, technically known as the talocrural joint, is a ______ joint.
ginglymus-type
The flexor hallucis longus may be stretched by passively taking the ______.
great toe into extreme extension while the foot is everted and dorsiflexed
The tibialis posterior may be stretched by ______.
passively taking the foot into extreme eversion and dorsiflexion while the knee and toes are passively flexed
The tibialis anterior may be stretched by ______.
passively taking the foot into extreme eversion and plantar flexion
The fibularis longus may be stretched by ______
passively taking the foot into extreme inversion and dorsiflexion while the knee is flexed
The fibularis tertius may be stretched by ______.
passively taking the foot into extreme inversion and plantar flexion
The extensor digitorum longus may be stretched by ______.
passively taking the four lesser toes into full flexion while the foot is inverted and plantarflexed
The extensor hallucis longus may be stretched by ______.
passively taking the great toe into full flexion while the foot is everted and plantarflexed
The flexor digitorum longus muscle may be strengthened by ______.
performing towel grabs against resistance
The ______ nerve divides just below the head of the fibula to become the superficial and deep fibular nerves.
peroneal
There are three individual bones in each toe, except for the great toe, which has only two. Each of these bones is known as a(n) ________.
phalanx
The tibial division of the ______ nerve innervates the gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.
sciatic
_________ ___________is a slang term frequently used to describe an often chronic condition in which the tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles are inflamed.
shin splints
The ______ muscle can be palpated posteriorly under the gastrocnemius muscle on the medial and lateral sides of the lower leg.
soleus
In the context of the phases of walking, the ______ phase occurs when the foot leaves the ground and the leg moves forward to another point of contact.
swing
Just before reaching the ankle, the ______ nerve branches to become the medial and lateral plantar nerves, which innervate the intrinsic muscles of the foot.
tibial
As the ______ muscle contracts concentrically, it dorsiflexes the ankle and is used as an antagonist to the plantar flexors of the ankle.
tibialis anterior
The ______ muscle originates in the posterior surface of the upper half of the interosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula.
tibialis posterior
The flexor hallucis longus muscle may be specifically strengthened by performing ______.
towel grabs against resistance
The gastrocnemius and the soleus collectively are known as the ______.
triceps surae