neolithic age

what is a civilization?

a society in which people have: permanent homes farms or food growing written language some form of government and specialization of labor all of these things happened in the neolithic period.

what is a shine?

a holy place that you would find in a catal huyuk village. they were decorated with images of gods and goddesses. they show that religion was important during this period in history.

what is the neolithic revolution?

a major turning point in human history. it was in 10,000 BCE when humans began to cultivate (grow) crops and domesticate (tame) certain animals. This what a big change from the time of hunter-gatherers. because of farming and the taming of animals, permanent settlements were establish and people stopped being nomads. this happened over a long period of time.

how did the catal huyuk heat the water they cooked with?

a mixture of animal dung and wild grasses provided the fuel for cooking. they cooked in mud brick ovens built into the house walls or over open fires. fires were shared with neighbors.

how is the agricultural revolution really a revolution?

because a revolution is any sudden, far-reaching great change, and in the neolithic period there was a great change in the lifestyles of human. the lifestyle of the hunter-gatherers was very different than the people of the neolithic period.

why was the neolithic period called the agricultural revolution?

because during this period, people domesticated animals, lived in one place and started to grow crops for food. revolution means change and this was a period of great change.

how did farming effect the growth of population?

because food was produced at a constant rate, there was a constant food supply which led to a large growth in population.

how did farming change people's lives?

because of farming, people stayed in one place and switched to domesticated life in permanent homes. this led to early forms of government, the domestication of animals, written language, the spread of technologies, specialization of labor (the "birth" or artisans or craftsmen) and trade.

why did people change from hunter-gatherers to farmers.

because temperatures increased after the ice age ended which resulted in a mild climate and fertile land that was good for growing crops.

why did the mesopotamians live near the tigris and euphrates and the egyptians live near the nile?

because these big rivers gave water to irrigate the crops and also provided fertile soil that was good for growing things.

how did they domesticate the animals?

by fencing them in in pens.

what did the catal huyuk use the clay balls for?

cooking. they were heated over the fire and dropped into a basket or an animal skin/hide to bring water to a boil. others believe that they were used for counting or for bartering in trade. finally, some believe they were used as weapons.

what were the second animals to be domesticated, and why were these animals important?

cows and pigs. sheep need to be herded, so they needed to be followed around to the best grass, sheep herding was somewhat nomadic. cows changed everything because they provided BOTH meat AND milk. they were strong to they could be used as muscle in the field. they could drag plows which made life easier for the farmers.

how did irrigation change civilization?

it lead to cities which eventually led to the modern world. because farmers farmed by rivers, they settled there and built villages. they worked together to best use the water. they dug canals to move the water around to irrigate all of the fields which led to good growing conditions. this eventually led to surpluses of food (more food than was needed).

what was the catal huyuk?

it was home to the world's largest settlement 9,000 years ago. as many as 10,000 people lived there. it was a neolithic community.

according the the catal huyuk website, how did the city disappear?

mud brick houses were built close together as the population grew. the settlement became terraces of houses rising up above one another. over time, layers of debris from demolished houses accumulated. erosion smoothed the ruins into a hill-like mound.

where did most of the easier villages spring up?

near water sources. people needed the water to survive, and it made farming much easier.

how did specialization lead to early forms of government?

once people realized that everyone did not need to be farmers, people had different roles or jobs. as canals were built for irrigation, people had to figure out whose job is was to look after the canals. this led to early forms of government.

what were the roles of women in the neolithic period?

they had children and stayed in the villages. they wove cloth, managed food supplies and performed other household tasks.

what happened when there was a surplus of food?

people realized that they did not all have to be farmers anymore. this led to specialization of labor where people did what they were good at. some people became artisans or crafters who made new things.

what was life like in the neolithic age?

people settled down in village and built permanent homes. villages were near fields so they could plant, grow and harvest crops more easily. they settled near water sources, mostly by rivers, because water was needed for survival and farming.

how did planting crops change the lifestyle of the people in the neolithic period?

planting crops changed their lifestyle because it provided food for the people in a more permanent place. because crops were permanent, the people of the neolithic period stayed in one place instead of moving around like the nomads of the paleolithic period who moved from place to place as hunter gatherers. they also had surpluses of food.

what does fertile mean?

producing or able to produce crops or vegetation abundantly (that means a lot)

what was the first animal to be domesticated?

sheep and goats.

what did the catal huyuk eat, and what did they cook in?

sheep legs, wild herbs like mint, thyme, salt, sumac, nuts, berreis, marsh veggies (because they lived near marshes). foods were cooked in water tight baskets, clay balls and animal hides. they also ate lentil, goat grease, wild greens. catal huyuk used every part of what they grew or caught.

what is another name for the neolithic period?

the new stone age.

what is systematic agriculture?

the organize growing of food on a regular schedule. growing farm crops and raising domesticated animals. Systematic agriculture is the growing of food on a regular basis.

what were the murals of the catal huyuk?

there were wall paintings with geometric designs and images of people and animals. some were painted bright red which may have had symbolic or ritual meaning. they may have been painted on the occasion of burials.

how did the catal huyuk get and store water?

they got it by walking to a river and carrying it back in tightly coiled water tight baskets or animal hides. this is also where they stored the water.

how did settling in one place change the lifestyle of people in the neolithic period?

they had better, more permanent homes. more people could live together and they could do what they were good at.

what were catal huyuk homes like?

they had kitchens in the southern portion with an open cooking hearth, a domed oven and an area for storage of fuel such as wood, brush and straw. they had roofs and roof top entrances covered with wooden hutches to keep out rain or snow. the roofs were made of wooden beams covered with bundles of reeds and a thick layer of mud. matting under the roofs kept the reeds from falling to the floor. there were smaller rooms that were used as storage bins for food. these were filled from above and emptied through a hole in the bottom. much of the work, play, cooking and sleeping happened on the rooftops. they had walls made of mud, brick and timber. there were platforms (as many as five) that lined the walls of the houses. the dead were buried under them in pits below the plaster floors. people cover the platforms with mats and slept on them. there was a bucrania which were remains of cattle skulls and horns that were scuttled over with plaster and painted. there were wall paintings with geometric designs and images of people and animals. some were painted bright red which may have had symbolic or ritual meaning. they may have been painted on the occasion of burials.

how did artisans or craftsmen effect civilization?

they made things that could be traded. trade led to written language which helped spread technology.

what are some examples of domesticating animals?

they tamed them and used them to carry goods, provide meat, milk and wool.

how did the people of the agricultural revolution grow crops?

they used seeds that they collected from the grains collected by the hunter-gatherers.

how did people obtain food before the agricultural revolution?

they were hunter-gatherers.

what were the benefits of a settled life?

they were kept safe from weather and wild animals. they had more security. because of steady food supplies, populations grew and were healthier. there were surpluses so people traded for things that they could not produce themselves. fewer people were also needed in the fields so they had other jobs besides farming (specialization).

what were the roles of men in the neolithic period?

they worked in the fields and herded animals. they became more responsible for growing food and protecting the villages over time. they became community leaders and leaders of the family.

what does domesticate mean?

to tame animals for human use.

what does specialization mean?

transitioning of jobs for people from farming to something they were good at.

how did the domestication of animals change the lives of humans during the neolithic period?

when animals were domesticated, the people could get wool to keep warm from sheet, get meat and milk and transport goods from one place to another using strong cows. cows could also drag plowing which made farming easier.