Nervous System

Part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

Axon

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around these

Axon

Ganglia are collections of

Cell bodies

What is the metabolic center of the neuron?

Cell body

Major role of the interneuron

Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Compare and contrast the future nations of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system allows people to voluntarily contact skeletal muscles. It also moves involuntary skeletal muscles somewhat. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary events. They control the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.

During the resting state, a neuron is

polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell

Explain the difference between a polarized neuron and a depolarized neuron.

A polarized neuron is resting, or inactive, and there are fewer positive ions on the inner face of the neuron's plasma membrane than on its outer face. A depolarized neuron is a part of a nerve impulse where sodium ions rush inward to change the polarity of the site. The inside is more positive and the outside is less positive.

Central nervous system is

Brain and spinal cord

Neurons processes that normally receive incoming stimuli

Dendrites

What neural processes convey incoming messages toward the cell body?

Dendrites

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems:

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter

Gray

Where is a neuron's nucleus?

In the cell body

These connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the CNS

Interneurons

What are association neurons?

Interneurons

Two major functional properties of neurons

Irritability and conductivity

Fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres

Longitudinal fissure

Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body are structurally classified as

Multipolar

Bundles of nerve fibers running through the PNS

Nerves

Support cells in the CNS are collectively called

Neuroglia

Explain how neurons and neurolgia are functionally different.

Neuroglia invludes cells that support, insulate, and protect the neurons. Neurons transmit messages, or nerve impulses, from one part of the body to another.

What is the axon?

Neuron processes that generate nerve impulses away from the cell body

What are gaps between Schwann cells?

Node of Ranvier

Which of the neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes

Where on the neuron are the axon terminals located? What is their function?

On the opposite side of the neuron from the cell body, they contain hundreds of tiny vesicles that contain neurotransmitters which are released into extracellular space

During repolarization, these ions are pumped out of the cell

Potassium

Immediately after an action potential us propagated which ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell into the tissue fluid

Potassium

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons

Saltatory conduction

What cells form the myelin sheath as around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell

Sodium

Bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS

Tracts

Myelinated fibers form _________ matter

White