Nervous System
Part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body
Axon
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around these
Axon
Ganglia are collections of
Cell bodies
What is the metabolic center of the neuron?
Cell body
Major role of the interneuron
Connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Compare and contrast the future nations of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
The somatic nervous system allows people to voluntarily contact skeletal muscles. It also moves involuntary skeletal muscles somewhat. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary events. They control the activity of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands.
During the resting state, a neuron is
polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
Explain the difference between a polarized neuron and a depolarized neuron.
A polarized neuron is resting, or inactive, and there are fewer positive ions on the inner face of the neuron's plasma membrane than on its outer face. A depolarized neuron is a part of a nerve impulse where sodium ions rush inward to change the polarity of the site. The inside is more positive and the outside is less positive.
Central nervous system is
Brain and spinal cord
Neurons processes that normally receive incoming stimuli
Dendrites
What neural processes convey incoming messages toward the cell body?
Dendrites
The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems:
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter
Gray
Where is a neuron's nucleus?
In the cell body
These connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the CNS
Interneurons
What are association neurons?
Interneurons
Two major functional properties of neurons
Irritability and conductivity
Fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body are structurally classified as
Multipolar
Bundles of nerve fibers running through the PNS
Nerves
Support cells in the CNS are collectively called
Neuroglia
Explain how neurons and neurolgia are functionally different.
Neuroglia invludes cells that support, insulate, and protect the neurons. Neurons transmit messages, or nerve impulses, from one part of the body to another.
What is the axon?
Neuron processes that generate nerve impulses away from the cell body
What are gaps between Schwann cells?
Node of Ranvier
Which of the neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Where on the neuron are the axon terminals located? What is their function?
On the opposite side of the neuron from the cell body, they contain hundreds of tiny vesicles that contain neurotransmitters which are released into extracellular space
During repolarization, these ions are pumped out of the cell
Potassium
Immediately after an action potential us propagated which ions rapidly diffuse out of the cell into the tissue fluid
Potassium
Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons
Saltatory conduction
What cells form the myelin sheath as around nerve fibers in the PNS?
Schwann cells
An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell
Sodium
Bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS
Tracts
Myelinated fibers form _________ matter
White