Network+ Chapter 4: Network Protocols and Routing

Which routing protocol does an exterior router use to collect data to build its routing tables? A. RIPv2 B. BGP C. OSPF D. IP

- B. BGP - BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), which has been dubbed the "protocol of the internet". BGP spans multiple autonomous systems and is used by edge and exterior routers on the Internet.

A routing protocol's reliability and priority are rated by what measurement? A. Routing table B. MTU C. Latency D. AD

- D. AD - Routers rate the reliability and priority of a routing protocol's data based on these criteria: Administrative distance (AD)- a number indicating the protocol's reliability

When a router can't determine a path to a message's destination, where does it send the message? A. Default gateway B. Routing table C. Administrative distance D. Gateway of last resort

- D. Gateway of last resort - Routing Tables, gateway of last resort, which is the router that accepts unrouteable messages from other routers.

Which protocol is supported by ICMPv6 to facilitate neighbor discovery on an IPv6 network?

- Discovering neighbor devices, a process used by routers to learn about all the devices on their networks: - IPv6 devices use Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), to automatically detect neighboring devices and automatically adjust when neighboring nodes fail or are removed

What is the difference between dynamic ARP table entries and static ARP table entries?

- Dynamic- created when a client makes an ARP request that could not be satisfied by data already in the ARP table - Static- those someone entered manually using the ARP utility (arp command)

Which two fields in an Ethernet frame help synchronize device communications but are not counted toward the frame's size?

- Fields of an Ethernet II frame - Preamble, synchronizes the recipient's receiver clock - SFD (start frame delimiter), indicates the frame is about to begin

Give three examples of routing metrics used by routers to determine the best of various available routing paths.

- Routing metrics: (more than three) - Hop count- Theoretical bandwidth and actual throughput- Delay, or latency, on a potential path- Load, or the traffic or processing burden- MTU (maximum transmission unit) or the largest IP packet size in bytes allowable without fragmentation- Routing cost, or a value assigned to a particular route- Reliability of a potential path- Topology of a network.

What process is used to establish a TCP connection?

- TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a connection - Step 1- request for a connection (SYN) - Step 2- response to the request (SYN/ACK) - Step 3- Connection established (ACK)

What three characteristics about TCP distinguish it from UDP?

- Three characteristics of TCP: - Connection-oriented, TCP ensures that a connection or session is established by using a three-step process called a three-way handshake - Sequencing and checksums, TCP sends a character string called a checksum that is checked by the destination host along with a sequence number for each segment - Flow control, gauges rate of transmission based on how quickly recipient can accept data

Which Linux utility provides output similar to Wireshark's

- tcpdump, a free command-line packet sniffer that runs on Linux and other Unix OS's.

Which OSI layer is responsible for directing data from one LAN to another? A. Transport layer B. Network layer C. Data Link layer D. Physical layer

B. Network layer - IP enables TCP/IP to internetwork Traverse more than one LAN segment and more than one type of network through a router

List three IGP's (interior gateway protocols)

(more than three) - OSPF (open shortest path first), an IGP and link-state protocol used on interior or border routes - IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System), an IGP and link-state routing protocol - EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), an advanced distance vector protocol that combines some of the features of a link-state protocol - RIP (Routing Information Protocol), is a distance-vector protocol, is the oldest routing protocol - RIPv2 (Routing Information Protocol version 2), generates less broadcast traffic and functions more securely than RIP and is also considered outdated.

Which two protocols manage neighbor discovery processes on IPv4 networks? A. ICMP and ARP B. IPv4 and IPv6 C. TCP and UDP D. BGP and OSPF

- A. ICMP and ARP - ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a Network layer, core protocol that reports on the success or failure of a data delivery. - ARP works in conjunction with IPv4 to discover the MAC address of a host or node on the local network

What four functions do all routers perform?

- A router's strength lies in its intelligence. All routers can do the following: - 1 Connect dissimilar networks, such as LAN and WAN, which use different types of routing protocols - 2 Interpret Layer 3 and often Layer 4 addressing and other information (such as quality of service indicators) - 3 Determine the best path for data to follow from point A to point B. The Best path is the most efficient route to the message's destination calculated by the router, based upon the information the router has available to it - 4 Reroute traffic if the path of the first choice is down but another path is available

What is the Internet standard MTU? A. 65,535 bytes B. 1,522 bytes C. 1,500 bytes D. 9,198 bytes

- B. 1,500 bytes - Data Link layer: Ethernet: Data portion of an Ethernet frame may contain from 46 to 1500 bytes - The maximum size of a Network layer PDU being transmitted over an Ethernet network is only 1500 bytes

What database does a router consult before determining the most efficient path for delivering a message?

- Routing table, a database that maintains information about where hosts are located and the most efficient way to reach them.

What kind of route is created when a network administrator configures a router to use a specific path between nodes? A. Trace route B. Static route C. Default route D. Best path

B. Static route - Static routing, network administrators configure a routing table to direct messages along specific paths, example- a static route between a small business and its ISP

Which protocol's header would a Layer 4 device read and process? A. IP B. TCP C. ARP D. HTTP

B. TCP - Layer 4, a transport layer protocol, usually TCP or UDP, adds a header to the payload

At which OSI layer does IP operate? A. Application layer B. Transport layer C. Network layer D. Data Link layer

C. Network layer - IP operates at the Network layer of the OSI model: Specifies where data should be delivered Identifies the data's source and destination IP addresses

What field in a TCP segment is used to determine if an arriving data unit exactly matches the data unit sent by the source? A. Source port B. Acknowledgment number C. DiffServ D. Checksum

D. Checksum - Allows the receiving node to determine whether the ICMP packet became corrupted during transmission - TCP sends a character string called a checksum that is checked by the destination host along with a sequence number for each segment