Network + Chapter 7

Mixed IPv6/IPv4 address

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:192:168:100:1

APIPA

169.254.0.1-169.254.255.254 with the default Class B subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.

Global unicast address range

2000::/3

Examples and documentation

2001:0DB8::/32 Reserved for?

Multicast range

224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255

Examples and documentation

3FFF:FFFF::/32 Reserved for?

Byte

8 bits.

Ethernet

A broadcast multi-access technology.

Loopback address

Address 127.0.0.1 reserved for loopback test, designates the local host and allows that host to send a test packet to itself without generating network traffic.

Unicast

Address assigned to a single interface, used in both IPv4 and IPv6 to describe your host interface IP address.

Host address

Address assigned to, and uniquely identifies, each machine on a network.

Unicast

Address for a single interface, these are used to send packets to a single destination.

Multicast

Address range of 224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255 and falls within Class D address space.

Broadcast address

Address used by applications and hosts to send information to all hosts on a network.

Unique local address

Addresses intended for non-routing purposes, but are globally unique, one of the overlaps with any other address.

Private IP addresses

Addresses used on a private network, not routable through the Internet, designed for security and saves valuable IP address space.

IPv6

Allows multiple addresses for hosts and networks.

Multicast

Allows point-to-multipoint communication which is similar to broadcast.

Anycast

Allows the same address to be placed on more than one device so that when traffic is sent to one device addressed is routed to the nearest host that shares the same address.

Layer 2 broadcast

Also known as hardware broadcast, they go out on a LAN and they go past the LAN boundary.

Network address

Also known as the network number and uniquely identifies each network.

IPv4

Broadcast are important in this IP version.

IPv6

Broadcast are not important in this IP version.

Layer 3 broadcast

Broadcast meant to reach all hosts on a broadcast domain, they have all host bits on.

Layer 2 broadcast

Broadcast sent to all nodes on a LAN.

Broadcast Layer 3

Broadcast sent to all nodes on the network.

Layer 3 broadcast

Broadcast that can be any network and all hosts indicated by 255.255.255.255.

Layer 2 broadcast

Broadcast that consists of 6 bytes (48 bits) and is all 1s in binary which is all Fs (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF) in hexadecimal.

Broadcast storm

Can be caused by IPv4 broadcast that is an uncontrolled deluge of forwarded broadcast traffic that can bring an entire network to its knees and devour every last bit of bandwidth.

Multicast

Can cause severe LAN congestion. Known as One to many

22.102.70

Class A host address for 49.22.102.70.

Multicast

Copies of packets are sent only to subscribed hosts in this type of address broadcast.

APIPA

DHCP fail over scheme when obtained by host it means that either your DHCP client on the hosts not working or the DHCP server is down or can't be reached because of a network issue.

APIPA

DHCP fail over scheme.

Multicast

Delivered to all interfaces known as one-to-many, these addresses always start with FF.

Network address

Designation used in routing to send packets to a remote network.

Multicast

Enables multiple recipients to receive messages without flooding the messages to all hosts on a broadcast domain.

ARP request

Example of a broadcast message.

Unique local unicast range

FC00::/7

2002::/16

FE80::/10

Multicast range

FF00::/8

APIPA

Hosts that set themselves with this type of address automatically can communicate with one another.

Reserved Class A

IP address of 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255.

Reserved Class B

IP address of 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255.

Reserved Class C

IP address of 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255.

Mobility

IPv6 feature that allows a device to roam from one network to another without dropping connections.

IPsec

IPv6 feature that provides end to end security.

Anycast

Identifies multiple interfaces, but they are delivered to only one address to the first IPv6 address it finds in terms of routing distance.

Broadcast traffic

Interrupts each and every device on the network. Every machine has to stop to listen and analyze the traffic to see if the broadcast is meant for it or not.

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1

Loopback address in IPv6 also equals ::1.

Octet

Made up of 8 bits interchangeably used with the term byte.

Brackets

Needs to be typed around the literal address into the browser when an HTTP connection is made because a colon is used by the number for specifying a port number otherwise it will have no way to identify the information.

Default route

Network address of all 0s (00000000). Also means this network or segment.

All networks

Network address of all 1s.

Class B

Network address that starts with the binary digit 1 and then 0.

Class A

Network class defined in the first octet between 0 and 127. But on can only use numbers 1-126.

Class B

Network class defined when the first byte is configured from 128 to 191.

Class A network

Network class designed for the small number of networks possessing a very large number of hosts.

Class B network

Network class for networks in between very large and very small.

Class C network

Network class reserved for the numerous networks with a small number of hosts.

Class C

Network class that defines the first 2 bits always on but the third can never be on.

Class A

Network class that should be used in corporate networks because it gives the most flexibility and growth options.

Class B

Network class were the first 2 bytes are assigned to the network address and the remaining 2 bytes are used for host address.

Class A

Network class where the first byte is assigned to the network address and the three remaining bytes are used for the host addresses.

Class A

Network class with 16,777,216 available host.

Class C

Network class with 254 available host.

Class B

Network class with 65,534 possible host.

Class D

Network class with IP address range of 224-239.

Class E

Network class with IP address range of 240-255 known as a multicast address used for scientific purposes.

Class C

Network class with IP range of 192-223.

Class A

Network class with host address of 3 bytes long.

Class A

Network class with network address 1 byte long.

Class A

Network class with network address 10.0.0.0 and broadcast address 10.255.255.255.

Class B

Network class with network address 172.16.0.0 and broadcast address 172.16.255.255.

Class C

Network class with network address 192.168.100.0 and broadcast address of 192.168.100.255.

Class A

Network class with network address that always starts with a 0.

Class C

Network class with the first 3 bytes dedicated to the network address and the last byte for the host address.

Class A

Network.host.host.host

Class B

Network.network.host.host

Class C

Network.network.network.host

32 bits

Number of bits an IPv4 address consist of.

Bit

One digit either a 1 or a 0.

Unicast

Packets addressed to this type of address are delivered to a single interface same as in IPv4. For load balancing, multiple interfaces can use the same address.

Link -local address

Private addresses in IPv4 not meant to be routed and are unique for each link (LAN).

Windows Registry

Program that stores a machine's IP address in hex.

DNS

Protocol that is important when implementing IPv6

IPv6

Protocol that will be more complicated to manage.

IPv6

Provides 128 bits in length. Provides larger address space and has more room that makes routing much more efficient and scalable.

NAT

Provides security by not allowing IP addresses to be seen by external users, external users can only see the public address that it's been converted to.

Global unicast address

Publicly routable addresses, used the same way globally unique addresses are in IPv4.

ARP request

Request sent to every device in the local broadcast domain and asks any device with the specific logical address (IP address) to forward their MAC address.

APIPA

Service were clients automatically self-configure an IP address and subnet mask which is the minimum information needed for hosts to communicate when a DHCP server isn't available.

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0

Source address of a host when using stateful configuration (DHCP).

NAT

Takes a private IP address and converts it for use on the Internet.

Multicast

These are packets sent from a single source and transmitted to many devices on different networks. Referred as one to many.

Multicast traffic

Used in IPv6 because there is no broadcast.

CIDR (Class Internet Domain Routing)

Used to subnet network address space in Class A network which provides only the needed amount of hosts to each department or building without wasting IP addresses.

2002::/16

Uses with 6to4 which is the transition system-- the structure that allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network without the need to configure explicit tunnels.

Hierarchical address

What a 32 bit IP address is known as that can handle a large number of addresses (4.3 billion).

Multicast

Works by sending messages or data to IP multicast group addresses.