Neuro Exam 1 Practice

Olfactory signals are unique because they

connect directly to the cerebral cortex

A patient suffers damage to the orbit in a road traffic incident resulting in damage to the third cranial nerve. Which of the following signs will be present? a) Pupillary constriction and a medial strabismus b) Pupillary dilatation and a medial strabismus c) Pupillary constriction and a lateral strabismus d) Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus

d) Pupillary dilatation and a lateral strabismus

True/false: This is matched correct: Posterior pituitary and direct neural pathway

True

Examination of a patient indicates that they have a medially directed strabismus (squint). This could be due to damage to the a) oculomotor nerve. b) trochlear nerve. c) ophthalmic trigeminal nerve. d) abducens nerve.

d) abducens nerve.

The thalamus projects to which of the following structures? a. Basal nuclei b. Cerebral cortex c. Hypothalamus d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: Paralysis of the superior oblique muscle results due to damage of this nerve. The individual's one eye rotates outward.

CN IV

Damage to this cranial nerve will interfere with an individual's ability to move the eyes downward and to the side.

CN IV (Trochlear nerve)

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: Due to surgical error, the patient has lost most sensory perception on one side of the face and difficulty chewing.

CN V

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: An individual has taken a hard blow to the face (e.g. as a result of falling on concrete) and has lost some sense of smell.

CN I

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: An individual has diabetes and blood vessels in the retina are damaged. What nerve would be sending less sensory impulses?

CN II

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The pupil in one eye is dilated due to decreased tone of constrictor muscles of the iris.

CN III

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The individual cannot abduct (move the eye laterally to see something to the side) one eye due to damage of this nerve.

CN VI

A person may be "cross-eyed" as a result of damage to this cranial nerve.

CN VI (Abducens nerve)

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The individual cannot move most muscles of the face.

CN VII

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The patient has Bell's palsy.

CN VII

Loss of taste sensation over the entire anterior portion of the tongue is most likely due to damage to which cranial nerve?

CN VII (Facial nerve)

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The patient is deaf.

CN VIII

As a result of a fracture to the temporal bone, an individual experiences deafness in one ear. Which cranial nerve is damaged?

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear nerve)

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: Stimulation of this nerve in the region of the neck decreases heart rate.

CN X

Damage to this cranial nerve may result in an increase in heart rate.

CN X (Vagus nerve)

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: One shoulder droops.

CN XI

Whenever this man "sticks out his tongue," it always deviates to one side. Which cranial nerve is most likely injured?

CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve)

A neurology resident was conducting research in an electrophysiology laboratory and was studying the functional anatomy of synaptic transmission. Which of the following physiologic processes is correctly paired with a structure?

Ca triggered neurotransmitter release: Presynaptic nerve terminal

The primary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex are in which lobe?

Parietal

The blood brain barrier is made up of which of the following structures:

Endothelial cells with tight junctions and astrocytes

What nerve is damaged based on symptoms: The patient complains of decreased sense of taste (3 cranial nerves).

Facial (CN VII) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Vagus (CN X)

Which of the following cranial nerves has both motor and sensory function?

Facial nerve

The descending reticular formation exerts which effect on pain transmission?

It modulates sensory transmission from the 1st order neuron to the 2nd order neuron

Where is the olfactory epithelium?

Lining the nasal cavity

The pyramidal decussation of the corticospinal tract occurs where?

Lower medulla

Which of the following nerves does not emerge from the brainstem?

Olfactory

The role of the cerebral cortex in movement is which of the following?

Plan and execute movement

What is the role of the RF in control of motor activity?

Smooths voluntary movement, mediating muscle tone, balance and postural adjustments

The central nervous system includes which of the following?

The brain and spinal cord

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the abducens nerve (CN VI)?

The lateral rectus

Which of the following is true regarding associated fibers of the cerebral cortex?

They span the four lobes within a cerebral hemisphere

All of the following muscles are innervated by CN III except

superior oblique

A patient presents with concerns about his vision, he states that he is experiencing double vision. Upon evaluation you conclude that he has lateral rectus palsy. Which cranial nerve is most likely lesioned in this man a. Abducens b. Trigeminal c. Trochlear d. Oculomotor

a. Abducens

Which of the following is true of action potentials? a. All of these b. an absolute refractory period makes the cell unresponsive to another stimulus c. they rely on the gradient between Na outside the cell and K inside the cell d. they propagate toward the axon terminal

a. All of these

What cranial nerve is sensory and is tested using a Snellen chart for testing of visual acuity? a. CN II b. CN IV c. CN III d. CN X

a. CN II

Which cranial nerve is responsible for sight a. CN II b. CN IV c. Trochelar d. Oculomotor

a. CN II

A 23 year old female presents a complaint of hearing changes and balance issues. Which cranial nerve is most likely involved her problems a. CN VIII b. CN IX c. CN XI d. CN V

a. CN VIII

Which of the following is NOT part of the brainstem? a. Choroid plexus b. Pons c. Midbrain d. Medulla oblongata

a. Choroid plexus

Match the description with the correct meningeal layer Pia mater: a. Closest to the surface of the spinal cord, thin, adherent b. tough and protective c. delicate with a web-like appearance

a. Closest to the surface of the spinal cord, thin, adherent

The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the a. Corpus callosum b. Thalamus c. Central sulcus d. Optic chiasm

a. Corpus callosum

What is the function of the brainstem? a. Hub between spinal cord and brain that controls vital functions b. Contains areas of regional specialization c. Controls motor system equilibrium d. The area of the spinal cord that contains motor cell bodies

a. Hub between spinal cord and brain that controls vital functions

What portion of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply? a. Lateral portion of the brain b. Frontal and parietal lobes c. Occipital lobe and inferior part of temporal lobe

a. Lateral portion of the brain

Which cranial nerve does NOT carry motor commands to an eye muscle? a. Optic nerve b. Abducens nerve c. Oculomotor nerve d. Trochlear nerve

a. Optic nerve

Match the neurotransmitter with its function: GABA a. Primary inhibitory NT b. NT of skeletal muscle c. Primary excitatory NT

a. Primary inhibitory NT

What is the function of schwann cells? a. Produce PNS myelin b. Macrophage of the brain c. Line with ventricles of the brain d. Produce CNS myelin

a. Produce PNS myelin

What is the function of the inferior colliculi of the midbrain? a. auditory localization b. subconscious control of movement c. visual coordination

a. auditory localization

Bell's palsy is a temporary paralysis of the facial muscles. Which cranial nerve is affected in this condition? a. facial nerve (CN VII) b. trochlear nerve (CN IV) c. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) d. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

a. facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the function of the thalamus? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex

What is the function of motor cortex? a. voluntary movement b. balance and equilibrium c. purposeful movement

a. voluntary movement

Loss of somatic sensation over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue indicates damage to the a) lingual branch of the mandibular trigeminal nerve. b) chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. c) lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. d) hypoglossal nerve.

b) chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve.

What cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement of the superior oblique muscle? This nerve acts to move the eye down and inward. a. CN II b. CN IV c. CN III d. CN X

b. CN IV

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles involved in shoulder shrugging and turning the head a. CN X b. CN XI c. CN XII d. CN IV

b. CN XI

Hydrocephalus, or enlarged ventricles, contain a larger than normal volume of which? a. Interstitial fluid b. CSF c. Blood

b. CSF

What is the function of the cerebrum? a. Hub between spinal cord and brain that controls vital functions b. Contains areas of regional specialization c. Controls motor system equilibrium d. The area of the spinal cord that contains motor cell bodies

b. Contains areas of regional specialization

What portion of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply? a. Lateral portion of the brain b. Frontal and parietal lobes c. Occipital lobe and inferior part of temporal lobe

b. Frontal and parietal lobes

What is the function of microglia ? a. Produce PNS myelin b. Macrophage of the brain c. Line with ventricles of the brain d. Produce CNS myelin

b. Macrophage of the brain

Match the neurotransmitter with its function: Acetylcholine a. Primary inhibitory NT b. NT of skeletal muscle c. Primary excitatory NT

b. NT of skeletal muscle

Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved with vision? a. Frontal b. Occipital c. Temporal d. Insula

b. Occipital

A 55 year old male presents with an inability to smell coffee beans out of each nostril. What cranial nerve is damaged? a. Optic nerve b. Olfactory nerve c. Trigeminal nerve d. Glossopharyngeal nerve

b. Olfactory nerve

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? a. Arachnoid mater- web-like middle layer of meninges b. Pia mater- Fused to surface of brain c. Subdural space- contains CSF d. Dura mater- tough outer layer of meninges

b. Pia mater- Fused to surface of brain

What cranial nerve is being tested when the patient is asked to open and close the mouth, grind teeth from side to side and by tapping on the point of the chin with the jaw relaxed, using a reflex hammer? a. Trochlear b. Trigeminal c. Vestibulocochlear d. Facial

b. Trigeminal

In the autonomic nervous system, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions in which of the following capacities? (NT= neurotransmitter) a. as the NT for both pre and postsynaptic cells of all ANS structures b. as the presynaptic NT and the NT of the parasympathetic system c. as the NT of the sympathetic system d. only as the presynaptic NT

b. as the presynaptic NT and the NT of the parasympathetic system

What is the function of the cerebellum? a. voluntary movement b. balance and equilibrium c. purposeful movement

b. balance and equilibrium

The area of the spinal cord where the nerves entering from the lower extremities cause an increased size of the cord is known as

b. lumbar enlargement

What is the function of the substantia nigra of the midbrain? a. auditory localization b. subconscious control of movement c. visual coordination

b. subconscious control of movement

What is the function of the hypothalamus? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

b. survival and reproduction

Match the description with the correct meningeal layer Dura mater: a. Closest to the surface of the spinal cord, thin, adherent b. tough and protective c. delicate with a web-like appearance

b. tough and protective

During a physical examination, the motor activity of extraocular muscles is tested along with the associated cranial nerves, which include CN III, CN VI, and a. facial nerve (CN VII) b. trochlear nerve (CN IV) c. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) d. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

b. trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Which of the following statements is true of the pupillary light reflex? a) Its efferent limb is carried in the optic nerve b) It is mediated by the inferior colliculi in the midbrain c) It is a consensual reflex d) Its afferent limb is carried in the oculomotor nerve

c) It is a consensual reflex

A patient is stabbed in the neck. You suspect damage to the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle. You would test nerve function by asking the patient to a) extend their neck against resistance. b) extend their neck without impairment. c) lift their shoulders against resistance. d) lift their shoulders without impairment.

c) lift their shoulders against resistance.

A malignant tumor is damaging the patient's glossopharyngeal nerve. They will experience a) loss of taste over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. b) loss of somaesthetic sensation over the anterior two thirds of the tongue. c) loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue. d) paralysis of the muscles of the tongue.

c) loss of taste and somaesthetic sensation over the posterior third of the tongue.

The seventh cranial nerve supplies a) taste buds on the posterior third of the tongue. b) muscles of the soft palate. c) muscles of the lower lip. d) the parotid salivary gland.

c) muscles of the lower lip.

Which of the following is true of the primary motor cortex? a. it is in the frontal lobe b. It controls contralateral muscles. c. All of these d. It includes the precentral gyrus.

c. All of these

A 33 year old female patient comes in with an inability to move her eye inward (adduction) or upward. What cranial nerve is damaged? a. CN II b. CN IV c. CN III d. CN X

c. CN III

Which brain region works with the cerebrum to coordinate body movements? a. Thalamus b. Medulla oblongata c. Cerebellum d. Pineal gland

c. Cerebellum

What is the function of the cerebellum? a. Hub between spinal cord and brain that controls vital functions b. Contains areas of regional specialization c. Controls motor system equilibrium d. The area of the spinal cord that contains motor cell bodies

c. Controls motor system equilibrium

What function is associated with the oculomotor nerve a. Eye movement via the Superior oblique b. Eyesight c. Eye Movement and pupil constriction d. Eye movement via the lateral rectus

c. Eye Movement and pupil constriction

What is the function of ependymal cells? a. Produce PNS myelin b. Macrophage of the brain c. Line with ventricles of the brain d. Produce CNS myelin

c. Line with ventricles of the brain

What portion of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply? a. Lateral portion of the brain b. Frontal and parietal lobes c. Occipital lobe and inferior part of temporal lobe

c. Occipital lobe and inferior part of temporal lobe

Match the neurotransmitter with its function: Glutamate a. Primary inhibitory NT b. NT of skeletal muscle c. Primary excitatory NT

c. Primary excitatory NT

Of the following, which extraocular muscle is not innervated by the oculomotor nerve a. Inferior oblique b. Superior rectus c. Superior oblique d. Inferior rectus e. Medial rectus

c. Superior oblique

Which cranial nerve carries motor commands to the chewing muscles? a. Facial nerve b. Hypoglossal nerve c. Trigeminal nerve d. Glossopharyngeal nerve

c. Trigeminal nerve

Match the description with the correct meningeal layer Arachnoid mater: a. Closest to the surface of the spinal cord, thin, adherent b. tough and protective c. delicate with a web-like appearance

c. delicate with a web-like appearance

What is the function of the Cerebellum? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

c. movement and cognition

What is the function of basal nuclei? a. voluntary movement b. balance and equilibrium c. purposeful movement

c. purposeful movement

What is the function of the superior colliculi of the midbrain? a. auditory localization b. subconscious control of movement c. visual coordination

c. visual coordination

Which of the following is not a main artery of the Circle of Willis? a. Anterior communicating artery b. Basilar artery c. Anterior cerebral artery d. Anterior inferior cerebral artery

d. Anterior inferior cerebral artery

Which of the following is NOT part of or associated with the diencephalon? a. Thalamus b. Optic chiasm c. Pineal gland d. Arbor vitae

d. Arbor vitae

In a laboratory experiment, a neuron was electrically stimulated to produce action potentials. The stimulated neuron made synaptic contact with a second neuron in which a recording electrode was located. The recording electrode detected a small depolarization in the second neuron following the electrical stimulation of the first neuron. This would represent a/an a. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential b. Neutral postsynaptic potential c. Action potential d. Excitatory postsynaptic potential

d. Excitatory postsynaptic potential

A middle aged man expresses to you that he is concerned that he cannot taste anything on the anterior portion of his tongue. What nerve innervates this portion a. Trigeminal b. Hypoglossal c. Glossopharyngeal d. Facial

d. Facial

A rare congenital disease called Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome results in CNS hypomyelination (less myelin produced than is normal). This disease is likely to affect which cells? a. Microglia b. Schwann cells c. Astrocytes d. Oligodendrocytes

d. Oligodendrocytes

What is the function of oligodendrocytes ? a. Produce PNS myelin b. Macrophage of the brain c. Line with ventricles of the brain d. Produce CNS myelin

d. Produce CNS myelin

When assessing CN XII in a patient who has experienced a stroke, which task should be performed by the patient? a. Focus on a distinct object b. Stand with eyes closed c. Turn head side to side d. Stick out tongue

d. Stick out tongue

What is the function of the ventral horn? a. Hub between spinal cord and brain that controls vital functions b. Contains areas of regional specialization c. Controls motor system equilibrium d. The area of the spinal cord that contains motor cell bodies

d. The area of the spinal cord that contains motor cell bodies

The longitudinal fissure divides the: a. Cerebrum from the cerebellum b. Frontal and parietal lobes c. Frontal and temporal lobes d. Two cerebral hemispheres

d. Two cerebral hemispheres

What is the function of the Pons? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

d. bridge

A PA student is working with a surgeon who states he is planning surgery on a patient's posterior triangle of the neck. Which of the following structures are in this space? a. facial nerve (CN VII) b. trochlear nerve (CN IV) c. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) d. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

d. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

The CNS structure which contributes to primary control and integration of ANS signals is: a. the cerebral cortex b. the spinal cord c. the cerebellum d. the brainstem

d. the brainstem

A pathology of anterograde transport in a neuron would affect which of the following? a. the delivery of recycled neurotransmitters from the axon terminal to the soma b. the delivery of a synaptic signals to the postsynaptic cell c. the delivery of dendritic signals to the soma d. the delivery of neurotransmitters produced in the soma to the axon terminal

d. the delivery of neurotransmitters produced in the soma to the axon terminal

What is the function of the reticular formation? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum

What is the function of the Cerebral cortex? a. process motor and sensory data, gateway to cerebral cortex b. survival and reproduction c. movement and cognition d. bridge e. sends signals to the entire cerebrum f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

f. integration of input, orientation, executive functions

Infarction of which cerebral vessel will damage the thalamus?

posterior cerebral artery

Hydrocephalus is causing ventricular enlargement which is compressing the medial aspect of both thalamic lobes. Which ventricle is affected?

third ventricle