Neuro Quizzes

What is the term used for a cell body of a neuron and its visual appearance (color) in the central nervous system

Soma, gray matter.

Identify the condition in the presented image

Spina Bifida with myelomeningocele

A posterior neural tube defect would result in which condition

Spina bifida

You are evaluating a MRI neuroradiological scan and notice the following characteristics: 1) the gray matter is brighter than the white matter, the white matter appears darker than the gray matter, the cerebrospinal fluid is bright and the lesion that is present is bright

T2-weighted image

Which of the following central nervous system structures contain the diencephalon and the cerebrum?

Telencephalon

Which of the meningeal layers is in closest proximity to the brain?

The Pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid plays a vital role in supporting the buoyancy of the brain and in protecting it from toxicity among other functions. The primary system the CSF is assocaited with is:

The ventricular system

The peripheral nervous system is essential for human interaction with the environment. Which of the following structures make up the peripheral nervous system?

Afferent neurons that convey information to the central nervous system.

The neurotransmitter Glutamate aligns with what category and has what type of action on the postsynaptic membrane during an action potential

Amino acid, excitatory

What is the mechanism in the structure of the Circle of Willis that is responsible for minimizing neural damage when one of its blood vessels may experience an occlusion?

Anastomosis

An autonomic mechanoreceptor in the aortic arch is referred to as

Aortic baroreceptor.

A client has a lesion in their left (dominant) hemisphere impacting the middle cerebral artery what deficits do you suspect the client to present with during your evaluation

Aphasia

Which of the systems provides bidirectional communication between the brain and the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Autonomic nervous system

Choose the best answer describing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle system

CSF production via Choroid plexus, lateral ventricles, intraventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, foramina of Luschka and foramen of Magendie to subarachnoid space or central canal, arachnoid villi reuptake of CSF.

A type of medical imaging technique based on radiation exposure which provides a quick scan that helps identify acute hemorrhage, abnormalities or fractures of bone, calcified lesions, or sinus disease

CT

Identify what type of neuroradiological image this is

CT

A term used to describe a decrease in repeated response to a benign stimulus

Habituation

Which is not effective for facilitating neuroplastic changes following a stroke?

High intensity rehab within 24 hours post-stroke

At day 28 of the neuroembryological development there are three primary vesicles developed referred to as

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

When CSF circulation is blocked, pressure builds in the ventricles which causes this condition

Hydrocephalus

The pathology of Multiple Sclerosis is best described as which of the following

Immune system produces antibodies that primarily attack oligodendrocytes causing patches (plaques) of destruction of the myelin (demyelination).

There is an anterior and posterior vascular supply to the cortex/cerebellum. Name the anterior artery that supplies the anterior portion of the cortex

Internal Carotid Artery

The most common cerebral artery that is affected for client who incur a stroke for the vast majority of the population is

Middle cerebral artery

___________ is an example of a myopathy condition

Muscular dystrophy

There are several forms of Spina bifida, which is the most severe case which is defined as malformed spinal cord open to the surface of the body

Myelomeningocele

The primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for what function

Processing sensory information

The functions of myelin (white matter) on axons are which of the following?

Provides insulation which aids in transmission of electrical potentials.

The function of the autonomic nervous system and response is best described as

Regulates homeostasis and reproduction

The primary function of the thalamus is best described as

Relay center

Identify what type of neuroradiological image this is

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

Identify what type of neuroradiological image this is

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR)

Identify what type of neuroradiological image this is

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI): T2 Weighted

Where is cerebrospinal fluid located

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located within the ventricular system of the brain and in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

The central nervous system is made up of what structures?

Cerebrum, brainstem & cerebellum, and the spinal cord.

Experience-dependent plasticity is best described as

Complex process involving persistent, long-lasting changes in the strength of synapses between neurons and within neural networks

A __________ plane divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions

Coronal

What are the three layers of the meninges in order from external (cranium) to internal (brain)

Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

True or False: The autonomic system does not regulate the viscera, vasculature and glands

False

What are the six lobes of the cortex

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, and insular.

Imaging is being completed on your client with VA who is completing a cooking task with their affected arm. This imaging technique is able to show neural activity while performing this task by detecting changes in oxygenated blood flow. What type of imaging is being performed?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Which of the following nonneuronal cells provide services for neurons?

Glial cells

An action potential is best described as which of the following statements:

Large depolarizing signal that is actively propagated along an axon by repeated generation of a signal.

A type of medical imaging technique that is based on strong magnetic fields which takes 30-120 minutes to complete and provides detailed high resolution of tissue which helps identify stroke, tumors, infection, multiple sclerosis, etc

MRI

There are afferent and efferent pathways; describe the origin and destination for an autonomic afferent pathway by choosing the best answer

Originates in the peripheral receptor of the viscera, vasculature, or glands and travels to the central nervous system structures of hypothalamus, spinal cord, or brainstem.

The middle cerebral arteries are a branch of:

The internal carotid arteries

Behavioral neuroscience examines the interaction of systems that influence behavior. Which one of the examples falls in the domain of Behavioral Neuroscience?

The synaptic function of the nervous system and its impact on behavior.

This type of disorder of vascular supply is described as a brief, focal loss of brain function, with full recovery from neurologic deficits within 24 hours

Transient ischemic attack

True or False: An increase in the strength or duration of an excitatory stimulus to the presynaptic cell results in increased or prolonged Ca2+ entry into the presynaptic terminal, ultimately leading to further neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal.

True

True or False: Major deformities of the nervous system occur before week 20 because of the gross structure is developing during this time

True

True/False: Damaged axons of peripheral neurons can recover from injury and targets deprived of input from the damaged axons can attract new inputs to maintain nervous system function

True

Choose the best answer that describes what a subdural hematoma is

Venous bleeding between the dura mater and arachnoid layer, symptoms develop over days to months

The primary source of blood supply to the brain stem and the cerebellum is:

Vertebral artery

A type of receptor that responds to pressure and stretch is referred to as

mechanoreceptor

What three parts make up the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

"Rest and digest" are functions of which of the following autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic division