NHM 311- Final

Which of the following does not contribute to iron deficiency anemia in older adults?-an increase in the requirement-low intake due to low energy intakes-a decrease in iron absorption-medications that may cause blood loss.

-an increase in the requirement

Which of the following is the name of the legal document that expresses your wishes for medical care if you are not able to speak or make decisions for yourself? Do Not Resuscitate orders Living will Palliative care order Last will & testament

living will

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? - Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone. - "If dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium." - "If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium." - "If dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline."

"If dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium."

Which of the following statements is true about caffeine consumption during pregnancy? - There is no known safe level for caffeine consumption during pregnancy - Until more is known about caffeine, intake should probably limited to 200 milligrams per day - If you are monitoring your caffeine consumption, you only have to pay attention to the amount of coffee and soft drinks you are drinking. - Caffeine does not cross the placental barrier

- Until more is known about caffeine, intake should probably limited to 200 milligrams per day

"If a doctor is not sure what is causing a case of iron-deficiency anemia, he/she may order ______."

1. A test to check for blood in the stool2. An endoscopy to look for bleeding or abnormalities in the GI tract3. A gynecological exam, if the patient is a woman

Which of the following BMI's would be classified as "underweight"? 31 18.2 19.1 22

18.2 anything less than 18.5

How long do you need to wash your hands with warm water and soap before and after handling food? 15 20 25 30

20

Which of the following BMI ranges is considered "overweight"? <18.5 18.5-24.9 25-29.9 >30

25-29.9

The gestation period for humans is divided into ____ trimesters.

3

In humans, a full-term pregnancy is approximately 35 weeks. 38.5 weeks. 45 weeks. 24 weeks.

38.5 weeks

How long can breast milk safely stay at room temperature? 2 hours 4 hours 8 hrs 2 days

4 hours

When you check the temperature of the refrigerator and the freezer, the refrigerator should be at _____ ºF or below, and the freezer at ______ ºF or below. 50, 10 50, 0 40, 10 40, 0

40, 0

Hospice Care is provided to people who are at the end of their life and not expected to live more than _____. 1 month 6 months 1 year 5 years

6 months

Which of the following people are most likely to have an iron deficiency anemia?

A 25 year old woman with heavy menstrual periods.

Which of the following is true about feeding a baby from a bottle? A baby can consume breastmilk or formula from a bottle Adding cereal to a bottle has been shown to help babies sleep better. Babies who are eating from a bottle do not need to be held as closely as breastfed babies. Microwaving is the best way to heat up bottles with formula or breastmilk.

A baby can consume breastmilk or formula from a bottle

What is gluten? A protein found in certain grains like wheat, barley, and rye. The carbohydrate in wheat and barley A new type of carbohydrate that is only present in genetically-modified organisms All of the above

A protein found in certain grains like wheat, barley, and rye.

Which of the following statements is true about pumping breast milk? A woman can still continue to feed a baby at her breast even if she is pumping at other times of the day. Pumping must be done by hand and never takes less than 1 hour It is best to store milk in large batches and re-freeze anything that the baby doesn't consume All of the above

A woman can still continue to feed a baby at her breast even if she is pumping at other times of the day.

Which of the following statements is true about for infants with very low birth weight (less than 1500 g)? Infants with very low birth weight can still breast feed, but they may need other food in addition to breast milk Infants with very low birth weight can not get enough nutrients from breast milk and should be immediately started on formula. Infants with very low birth weight are too small to latch onto a breast of bottle nipple, and must be fed through a tube. Infants with very low birth weight also have an undeveloped GI tract and are not able to absorb breastmilk.

A. Infants with very low birth weight can still breast feed, but they may need other food in addition to breast milk

Which of the following best illustrates a case of pica? A. an intense craving for dirt B. an intense craving for chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream C. a craving for bread triggered by walking past a Subway restaurant D. a craving for pickles experienced by a pregnant woman.

A. an intense craving for dirt

Which of the following is true about SNAP benefits? Able-bodied adults without dependents can only receive three months of benefits during any 3 year period if they are not working a minimum of 20 hours per week or participating in a training program. SNAP benefits are delivered to an electronic debit card (EBT) each month and can be used to purchase any item at any store that accepts debit cards. Children take up only a very small portion (less than 10%) of the people who receive SNAP benefits SNAP drains the economy by taking about 2.5 dollars out of the economy for every dollar put into the program.

Able-bodied adults without dependents can only receive three months of benefits during any 3 year period if they are not working a minimum of 20 hours per week or participating in a training program.

What is NOT TRUE regarding body weight, body composition, and exercise in older adults? After about age 70, the risks of regular exercise outweigh the benefits. Although a person's weight may stay constant as he/she ages, the proportion of muscle decreases. Stable weight usually is a sign of good health. Unintentional weight loss may be an indication of a health problem.

After about age 70, the risks of regular exercise outweigh the benefits.

Which of the following groups can receive SNAP benefits? Low-income women Low-income men Children in low-income family All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a benefit of breastfeeding? It's easier to digest compared to formula Decreases the risk of allergies Decreases the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) All of the above

All of the above

Describe the physiological changes that occur for the mother during pregnancy.

Anterior pituitary stimulates thyroid gland to increase appetite and metabolism Circulatory changes -Increase in blood volume by 1-2 liters to nourish fetus -Increase in moms BP and pulse -Uterus compresses pelvic veins which can cause varicose veins Skin stretching skin from growth of uterus can cause stretch marks on the tummy, hips, butt, thighs, breasts Lungs -Have to oxygenate extra blood -Fetus pushes against diaphragm which stops mom from taking big breaths and could lead to shortness of breath Stomach Fetus pushes on stomach which can cause gastric reflux Bladder Towards the end of the pregnancy the baby descends in the uterus a bit which relieves some of the pressure off of lungs and tummy but pushes on the bladder leading to mom having to pee more Weight gain Fetus: 7-8 lbs Placenta and amniotic fluid: 6 lbs Breasts: 3-4 lbs Uterus growth: 4 lbs Blood volume: 4 lbs Extra adipose fat: 3-10lbs TOTAL OF 25-35 LBS GAINED DURING PREGNANCY

Which of the following groups are not eligible for WIC? Any Low-income woman who has a nutritional risk. Preschool children who live in a low-income household Infants who live in a low-income household. A woman who is breastfeeding and who lives in a low-income household.

Any Low-income woman who has a nutritional risk.

Which of the following people would be considered malnourished? Sue, who has iron-deficiency anemia John, who is having toxicity symptoms from a vitamin supplement he has been taking. Neither John nor Sue appear to be malnourished. Both John and Sue are malnourished.

Both John and Sue are malnourished.

Which of the following statements about amenorrhea are true? Amenorrhea is defined as an absence of menstrual cycle. Amenorrhea may occur when a woman's body fat percentage is too low. Both A & B are true. Neither A nor B is true

C. Both A & B are true. Amenorrhea is defined as an absence of the menstrual cycle. Amenorrhea may occur when a woman's body fat percentage is too low.

Which of the following would be appropriate to introduce as a baby's first food in baby-led weaning? Honey Cow's milk Cooked carrots sliced into small pieces Raw baby carrots

Cooked carrots sliced into small pieces

Cholesterol can be a precursor for vitamin D. This means that:

Cholesterol can be turned into Vitamin D.

Which of the following organizations or agencies have declared that there's no good evidence GMOs are unsafe. A. World Health Organzation B. American Medical Association C. U.S. Department of Agriculture D. A & B E. A, B, & C

D. A and B

Which of the following group of individuals has a higher risk of foodborne illness? Teenagers Elderly people Women Vegetarian

Elderly people

Hot food should be held at 130°F or warmer, and cold food should be held at 40°F or colder. True False

False

Which of the following statements about nausea/vomiting of pregnancy is true? - If a woman experiences nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, it means the baby is also sick. - For some women, the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects their ability to work or perform normal daily activities. - For most women, the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy lasts the entire pregnancy. - Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy only occurs early in the day, so it is often called "morning sickness".

For some women, the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy affects their ability to work or perform normal daily activities.

Which of the following ethnic groups has experienced the highest rates of food insecurity since about 2013? White, non-hispanic Asian or Pacific-Islander Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan native

Hispanic

According to the Division of Responsibility discussed as a method of feeding children, which of the following is the CHILDREN'S responsibility? (check all that apply, may be more than one answer.) What to eat (which foods are provided at each meal and snack) How much to eat (this could include eating nothing, eating a few bites, or having seconds!) When a potty break is provided during a meal When to eat (the timing of meals and snacks)

How much to eat (this could include eating nothing, eating a few bites, or having seconds!)

Which of the following practices allows food allergies to be identified quickly in children who are beginning to eat solid foods? Foods that cause allergy symptoms can be reintroduced within a week. A new food can be offered by 3 months of age. Introduce new foods one at a time. Introduce eggs at 6 months of age.

Introduce new foods one at a time.

Which of the following local (Oxford) farmer's markets accepts SNAP? Oxford City Market Manna The Saturday farmer's market on N. Lamar Yocna Bottoms Farms

Oxford City Market

Which of the following is the maximum amount of alcohol recommended for pregnant women? 1 drink per day. 1 drink = a 12oz. beer, 1 glass of wine, or 1.5 oz of liquor. 1 drinking day per week, with no more than 2 drinks on that day. 1 drink = a 12oz. beer, 1 glass of wine, or 1.5 oz of liquor. 0 drinks/day in the first trimester and 1 drink/day in later trimesters. No amount of alcohol is safe during any point in pregnancy.

No amount of alcohol is safe during any point in pregnancy.

Which of the following is a common symptom of high blood pressure? - Excessive thirst - Weight gain, especially around the middle - High sodium levels in the blood - None of the above most people don't have any symptoms of high blood pressure.

None of the above- most people don't have symptoms of high blood pressure

Which of the following is part of the philosophy of Health at Every Size?People who live in larger bodies should receive positive encouragement in order to successfully lose weight People who live in larger bodies deserve respect Celebrating body diversity means that people in larger bodies should not be encouraged to exercise All of the above

People who live in larger bodies deserve respect

Excess body fat is associated with which of the following conditions? High HDL cholesterol. Low triglyceride level. Low blood glucose levels. Sleep apnea.

Sleep apnea.

The kidneys secrete the enzyme _______ in response to ______ blood pressure.

Renin, low

Which of the following food is dangerous to high-risk groups? Pasteurized milk Salads prepared on site in a deli-type establishment Salad dressings made with pasteurized eggs Peanuts

Salads prepared on site in a deli-type establishment

Which of the following is true about a child that is small for his/her age? The child should only be offered 3 meals a day so that he/she increases his/her appetite between meals. The child should be provided with high-calorie snacks regularly. If the high-calorie snacks are not nutrient-dense, a multi-vitamin would be an effective substitute for more nutrient-dense foods that are lower in calories. Steady growth is health growth. If the child has always been small for his/her age and his/her physician has ruled out any medical problems, then the parents should not worry. Parents of a child small for his/her age should encourage the child to eat at every opportunity.

Steady growth is health growth. If the child has always been small for his/her age and his/her physician has ruled out any medical problems, then the parents should not worry.

Which of the following is true about a child that is larger than his/her classmates? Steady growth is healthy growth. If the child has always been larger than his/her classmates and a physician has ruled out any medical problems, then the parents should not worry. The child should only be allowed to eat desserts once he/she has lost at least 5 pounds. The child should only be offered 3 meals a day so that he/she decreases overall calorie intake. The child should be taught how to count calories and put on a diet that reduces calories by 500 to 1000 calories per day.

Steady growth is healthy growth. If the child has always been larger than his/her classmates and a physician has ruled out any medical problems, then the parents should not worry.

The hormone prolactin: Stimulates the production of oxytocin Inhibits the production of oxytocin Stimulates milk production Stimulates milk ejection

Stimulates milk production

The ____________ blood pressure is the pressure that is on the artery walls when the heart is pumping blood.

Systolic

You are seeing a patient who plots in the 10th percentile on the weight-for-height CDC growth chart. He was also at the 10th percentile at his visit 6 months ago. How would you interpret this? The child is at risk of becoming overweight and should be put on a low-calorie diet immediately. The child is within the normal range for weight-for-height and growing at a healthy, steady rate. The child is underweight and should be put on a high-calorie diet immediately. The child's parents are most likely not feeding him appropriately, so you should probably consult with Child Protective Services.

The child is within the normal range for weight-for-height and growing at a healthy, steady rate.

Your friend Mary is pregnant and concerned about her weight gain. She is at the beginning of her third trimester and has gained 24 pounds, which her doctor says is good. But she has read that a baby only weighs 5-8 pounds when it is born. She is afraid that she is gaining too much body fat. What would you tell her? - There are many things other than the baby that contribute to weight gain, like enlarged breast tissue, larger muscles in the uterus, and increased blood volume. - Weight gain other than the actual weight of the baby is almost all extra fat, so she should start eating less to decrease her risk of more weight gain. - Pregnant woman are eating for two, so weight gain during pregnancy can never be too much. - Doctors don't monitor weight gain carefully enough, and she probably should have been told to slow her weight gain before now. However, if she tries really hard after delivery, she can lose all the excess weight and be healthy again.

There are many things other than the baby that contribute to weight gain, like enlarged breast tissue, larger muscles in the uterus, and increased blood volume.

In general, excess water-soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine very easily. True or False.

True

What is true about the location of the body fat on health risk? A. Visceral fat is associated with a lower incidence of heart disease. B. Subcutaneous fat carries a higher health risk than visceral fat. C. Visceral fat is associated with greater disease risk. D. Visceral fat storage is more common in women than in men.

Visceral fat is associated with greater disease risk.

Which federal program provides supplemental nutritional food assistance, education, and health care referrals? Emergency Food Assistance Program Food Stamp Program State Foodservice Program for Women and Children Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet?

Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass.Post-menopausal women.Individuals with decreased bone density $All of these groups could benefit

Which of the following would be the best way to replace sodium losses after a long training day?

a can of chicken noodle soup.

Which of the following is associated with preeclampsia? elevated blood glucose levels. a rise in blood pressure. low fasting blood glucose levels. dehydration.

a rise in blood pressure.

In an areas of the U.S. with a high percentage of people living with food insecurity, all of the following are higher than average except: access to well-stocked grocery stores educational opportunities rates of diabetes and heart disease infant mortality

access to well-stocked grocery stores

Among older adults, which is least likely to be a problem?- adequate calorie intake- adequate fluid intake- adequate protein intake- adequate fat intake

adequate fat intake

Wiping a soiled counter with a cloth, then wiping a cutting board with the same cloth is an example of critical control points cross-contamination HACCP the danger zone

cross-contamination

Which of the following is a risk factor for high blood pressure that cannot be controlled?

age, family history, race

Excess weight gain during pregnancy may increase the risk of: - Premature birth - C-section (Cesarean section) - Fetal macrosomia (baby weighing more than 8 lbs 13 oz) - All of the above

all of the above

Excess weight gain during pregnancy may increase the risk of: Premature birth C-section (Cesarean section) Fetal macrosomia (baby weighing more than 8 lbs 13 oz) All of the above

all of the above

Too little body fat is associated with which of the following conditions? Compromised immune system Amenorrhea Osteoporosis All of the above

all of the above

Women who breastfeed have lower risks of: Type 2 Diabetes Ovarian cancer breast cancer All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following would be considered "food" in the sense that it provides nourishment? Milk Chicken Strawberry smoothie All of the above

all the above

An individual's actual weight is

determined by both the genes inherited and the lifestyle chosen

According to the current guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, solid foods should be introduced into the infant's diet shortly after birth (within 2 weeks). around 4 to 6 months of age. around 1 year of age. around 1 month of age.

around 4 to 6 months of age.

Which of the following changes in body composition naturally occur as a person ages past 50? body fat increases, bone density decreases muscle mass increases, body fat increases muscle mass increases, bone density increases muscles mass decreases, body fat decreases

body fat increases, bone density decreases

After 35 to 45 years of age:

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation.

How is fructose metabolism different from glucose metabolism? Fructose only occurs in nature, so its metabolism is healthier for the body. Fructose causes a higher spike in blood sugars (glucose) levels due to its high GI. Only the cells of the liver can break down fructose. None of the above - Fructose and glucose are isomers and so their metabolism is virtually identical.

c. Only the cells of the liver can break down fructose.

it is important for the elderly to drink enough fluids in order to prevent dehydration. Fluid balance may be a problem due to all except constipation decrease in the sensation of thirst increased output of urine limited access to water

constipation

The nutrient needs of the elderly remain the same although their energy needs decrease. Because of this, the best advice for them is to eat larger portions of food consume a more nutrient dense diet eat less and exercise more eat more concentrated sweets

consume a more nutrient dense diet

Long term healthy weight loss is based on all the following principles EXCEPT increasing physical activity adapting lifelong changes in eating habits eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories moderate portion sizes

eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories

Gestational diabetes is characterized by low fasting blood glucose levels. decreased urinary output. elevated blood glucose levels. difficulty gaining weight during the pregnancy.

elevated blood glucose levels.

During pregnancy, increased red blood cell formation and increased cell division increase the nutrient requirements for which of the following? iron. Calcium Vitamin D All answer choices are correct.

iron

"High-impact exercises should be avoided by young women because they cause stress to the bones and are related to osteoporosis later in life."

false

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. "During gestation, the mother and shares red blood cells with the baby in order to provide oxygen, nutrients and remove wastes."

false

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. "High-fructose corn syrup is more likely to cause weight gain than naturally-occurring cane sugar (sucrose)." True False

false

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false."BMI is the best way to estimate a person's health risk from excess body fat."

false

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false."People who are trying to lose weight should eat as many sweets and fats as possible in order to maximize calorie consumption."

false

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the term "Organic". True False

false

The best treatment for iron-deficiency anemia is to take a multivitamin with 100% of the RDA. True or false

false

Certain foods are now fortified with __________ in order to help reduce the incidence of neural tube defects in the United States. iron Vitamin B 12 calcium folic acid

folate/folic acid

Colostrum is a type of formula that has essential fatty acids (EPA and DHA) added. is the first fluid that is produced by the breast after delivery. is the first stool passed by the infant after delivery. is another name for mature milk produced by the breast.

is the first fluid that is produced by the breast after delivery.

Ashley notices that every time she drinks milk, she feels bloated and yucky for a few hours afterwards. Her father is lactose intolerant and has similar symptoms, so she wonders if she is lactose intolerant, too. Using the terminology of the scientific method, we could say that Ashley has formed a(n) ___________ that she is lactose intolerant. hypothesis experiment observation conclusion

hypothesis

During exercise, the amount of sodium in a person's blood ________.

increases

During pregnancy, a woman's basal metabolic rate _____, which _____ calorie needs.

increases, increases

"Which state has the highest rate of very low food security, according to the most recent data available?" Louisiana Mississippi North Dakota None of the above - all states had similar rates.

mississippi

Vitamins are ____, while minerals are _____.

organic, inorganic

What is the reason of injecting hormones into young livestock? To make them gain weight To make them lose weight To decrease the production of milk To make them breed

to make them gain weight

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false: The calorie needs of a person may change based on their level of physical activity. True False

true

During the last two trimesters, which organ is the primary endocrine organ (in other words, which organ produces the pregnancy hormones)? Ovaries, specific the corpus luteum Uterus Pancreas Placenta

placenta

One function of the ________ is to transfer nutrients and oxygen from the maternal blood to the baby through a network of blood vessels. placenta amniotic sac zygote chorion membrane

placenta

The single greatest cause of food insecurity is: natural disasters poverty lack of education famine

poverty

Which of the following is a symptom of pre-eclampsia? HTN Protein in the urine Edema All answer choices are correct.

protien in urine

The purposes of randomizing people in a clinical trial is to: ensure that researchers can't manipulate the data. control for the placebo effect. reduce the chance that a characteristics other than the experiment are the reason for any differences between the groups. correctly follow the steps of the scientific method.

reduce the chance that a characteristics other than the experiment are the reason for any differences between the groups.

Palliative care provides relief from pain and symptoms of a disease, but not a cure. True False

true

The major reason of food insecurity is because of lack access to affordable fruits, vegetables, and other foods that make up the full range of a healthy diet. True False

true

The reason why foodborne illness is serious to pregnant women is that it can infect an unborn baby whose immune system is under-developed and not able to fight infection. True False

true

One function of the areolae is to: produce milk produce oxytocin secrete oils that moisturize the nipples None of the above - the aerolae are most likely for sexual attraction and not related to breastfeeding.

secrete oils that moisturize the nipples

Which one of the following methods most accurately assesses body composition? Body mass index (BMI). Body weight. Skinfold thickness. Energy balance.

skinfold thickness

indicate whether the following statement is true or false. "Infants who are born preterm (or premature) may have a lower risk of short and long term health problems if they are breastfed." True False

true

Factors that contribute to a better quality of life and better nutrition for the elderly include all except a support system consisting of family and caregivers staying at home more due to decreased mobility intact dentures or teeth adequate income

staying at home more due to decreased mobility

Sarcopenia is the increase of abdominal fat that occurs with age. the decrease of fat on hips and thighs that occurs with age. the decrease of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age. the gains in lean body mass that older people make when they perform resistance exercise.

the decrease of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age.

sarcopenia

the decrease of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age.

During gestation, the growing fetus, or baby, is connected to the placenta by _____. the amniotic fluid the umbilical cord the neural artery the digestive system

the umbilical cord

About how long can breastmilk stay in a refrigerator? up to 6 months up to 7 days up to 8 hours Breastmilk should never be stored in a refrigerator.

up to 7 days

In conjunction with BMI, a high ___ indicates an individual's increased risk of diseases associated with excess body fat? Arm circumference Leg circumference Hip circumference waist circumference

waist circumference