Nsc exam 2

barriers to breast feeding and solutions

Embarrassment ● Time and social constraints, and concerns about loss of freedom (particularly issues of working mothers) ● Lack of support from family and friends ● Lack of confidence

Food allergy

Abnormal or exaggerated immunologic response, usually immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated, to a specific food protein. Common pediatric food allergens include: ●●Cow's milk ●●Wheat ●●Eggs ●●Peanuts ●●Soybeans ●●Tree nuts (e.g., almonds, Brazil nuts, walnuts, hazelnuts)

Weight loss with breastfeeding.

Breastfeeding women can lose modest amounts of weight while breastfeeding by choosing a diet following the MyPyramid food guide. Breastfeeding women need an additional 330 calories per day in the first 6 months, and 400 cal thereafter. Energy intake should be adjusted for activity level and achievement and maintenance of healthy weight.

sore nipples

Early, mild nipple discomfort is common among women initiating breastfeeding. In most women, the discomfort is transient and usually subsides by the end of the first week. can be avoided by making sure a good latch happens

Foremilk and Hindmilk

Foremilk: milk present at the beginning of breastfeeding, usually lower in fat content. Think of running water from faucet. Takes a while to heat up, so cold water is like foremilk, and more fatty milk (hindmilk) is like hot water. Think of intervals between feedings like faucet too.

define Lactogenesis I, II, and III.

Lactogenesis I. During the first stage of milk production, milk begins to form, and the lactose and protein content of milk increase. This stage extends through the first few days postpartum. ● Lactogenesis II. This stage begins 2-5 days postpartum and is marked by increased blood flow to the mammary gland. Clinically, it is considered the onset of copious milk secretion, or "when milk comes in." Significant changes in both the milk composition and the quantity of milk that can be produced occur over the first 10 days of the baby's life. ● Lactogenesis III. This stage of breast milk production begins about 10 days after birth and is the stage in which the milk composition becomes stable. 2

benefits of breastfeeding for the mother.

Maternal benefits of breastfeeding include minimization of postpartum blood loss, delayed fertility, greater self-confidence and bonding with the baby, and reduced risk of ovarian and breast cancers.

Meconium

Meconium Dark green mucilaginous material in the intestine of the full-term fetus.

Oxcytocin

Oxytocin a hormone produced during letdown that causes milk to be ejected into the ducts. The stimuli from the infant suckling are passed through nerves to the hypothalamus, which responds by promoting oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary gland (Illustration 6.4). The oxytocin causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the secretory cells. As a result, milk is released through the ducts,

Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production. Suckling is a major stimulator of prolactin secretion: prolactin levels double with suckling. 3 Stress, sleep, and sexual intercourse also stimulate prolactin levels. To prevent milk production in the last three months of pregnancy, prolactin activity is suppressed by a prolactin-inhibiting factor that is released by the hypothalamus.

Be able to explain the importance of support to the success of breastfeeding. Communities play an important role; they can facilitate or hinder breastfeeding.

Support in work enviornments: ●Prenatal lactation education tailored for working women ●Corporate policies providing information for all employees on the benefits of breastfeeding and on why their breastfeeding co-workers need support ●Education for personnel about the services available to support breastfeeding women ●Adequate breaks, flexible work hours, job sharing, and part-time work ●Private "Mother's Rooms" for expressing milk in a secure and relaxing environment ●Access to hospital-grade, autocycling breast pumps at the workplace ●Small refrigerators for the safe storage of breast milk ●Subsidization or purchase of individually owned portable breast pumps for employees ●Access to lactation professional on-site or by phone to give breastfeeding education, counseling, and support during pregnancy, after delivery, and when the mother returns to work ●Coordination with on-site or near-site child care programs so the infant can be breastfed during the day ●Support groups for working mothers with children Support for breastfeeding women from husbands, mothers, sisters, health care providers, communities, employers, and policy makers is critical to breastfeeding success and impacts breastfeeding rates in the community.

Colostrum

The first milk, colostrum, is a thick, often yellow fluid produced during lactogenesis II (days 1-3 after infant birth). Infants may drink only 2 to 10 mL (1.5-2 tsp) of colostrum per feeding in the first 2-3 days. Colostrum provides about 580-700 kcal/L and is higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate and fat than mature milk (produced 2 weeks after infant birth). Secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin are the primary proteins present in colostrum, but other proteins present in mature milk are not present.

benefits of breastfeeding for the infant.

With rare exceptions, human milk is the optimal food for infants, exclusively for 6 months and with supplemental foods for a year or longer. Benefits to infants include protection from iron deficiency, better gains in cognitive ability, fewer acute respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, and lower risk of sudden infant death syndrome, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, neuroblastoma, allergies, and asthma.

plugged duct

a blockage and management is through massage and emptying of breast

letdown failure

oxytocin sprays and medications available to help produced, but most often stress management is the best course of action.

food intolerance

some foods dont sit well, not a lot of evidence on it.

engorgement

too much milk, the frequencey is not yet established. best way to prevent is feeding frequently. newobrns every hour and a half will feed.

mastitis

wedgeshapped area in breast, tender and enlarged. removal of milk is best management against mastitis. mild cases should be cured through frequent feeding. severe cases need antibiotics.