NSG 3660 Optional Prep U: Infection Exam 1

alterations in normal neurological function

Any disruption in CNS physical structure, or action of neurotransmitters will lead to...

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Function: enables muscle action, learning, and memory Ex of malfunctions: With alzheimer's disease, ACh-producting neurons deteriorate.

Which organism causes peptic ulcers? Escherichia coli Helicobacter pylori Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella typhimurium

Helicobacter pylori

Which term describes a fungal infection found on the upper arm? a) Tinea pedis b) Tinea corporis c) Tinea capitis d) Tinea cruris

Tinea capitis

The physician knows the client, G1P0, has correctly understood the prenatal education regarding sexually transmitted infection as evidenced by which statement listed below? "If I receive prophylactic immunization I will reduce my baby's chance of being born with an illness." "Out of the various infectious agents, gonorrhea and chlamydia pose the greatest risks of transmission from mother to child." "My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself." "I know that my baby will need observation for HIV signs and symptoms in the weeks following my delivery."

"My baby could become infected either across the placenta or during the birth itself."

A nurse is reviewing the history of a client who is suspected of having glomerulonephritis. Which of the following would the nurse consider significant? -Previous episode of acute pyelonephritis -History of hyperparathyroidism -Recent history of streptococcal infection -History of osteoporosis

-Recent history of streptococcal infection Glomerulonephritis can occur as a result of infections from group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections, bacterial endocarditis, or viral infections such as hepatitis B or C or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A history of hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis would place the client at risk for developing renal calculi. A history of pyelonephritis would increase the client's risk for chronic pyelonephritis.

A patient comes to the clinic with a suspected eye infection. The nurse recognizes that the patient most likely has conjunctivitis, as evidenced by what symptom? Blurred vision Severe pain A mucopurulent ocular discharge Elevated IOP

A mucopurulent ocular discharge

An adult client with cystic fibrosis is admitted to an acute care facility with an acute respiratory infection. Ordered respiratory treatment includes chest physiotherapy. When should the nurse perform this procedure? At bedtime When bronchospasms occur When secretions have mobilized Immediately before a meal

At bed time

A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic. Which sign or symptom may indicate that the client has gonorrhea? Burning on urination Dry, hacking cough Painless chancre Diffuse skin rash

Burning or urination

You are a clinic nurse caring for a client with acute tracheobronchitis. The client asks what may have caused the infection. Which of the following responses from the nurse would be most accurate? Drug ingestion Direct lung damage Aspiration Chemical irritation

Chemical irritation

While caring for a patient who is treated for severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the nurse insists on keeping her in a semisitting position. Which of the following is correct rationale for this positioning? Facilitation of pelvic drainage and minimize the upward extension of infection Facilitation of easy distraction of the patient Prevention of nosocomial infections to other patients Prevention movement as it increases pain

Facilitation of pelvic drainage and minimize the upward extension of infection.

The nurse is teaching a new mother about caring for her baby and reducing the risk for infection. On what principle does the nurse base the knowledge of passive immunity? Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgA. Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgD. Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgG. Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgM.

Infants are protected at birth from infection by maternal IgG.

An elderly client is hospitalized for treatment related to leukemia. Family members want to visit with a toddler who has a cold. It would be best for the nurse to: Instruct the family to remove the toddler from the room for the protection of the client. Inform the family to either wash their hands or use the hand sanitizer. Allow the toddler to remain in the room if a family member wipes the toddler's nose. Ask the family to leave the client's room.

Instruct the family to remove the toddler from the room for the protection of the client

The nurse explains to a client diagnosed with trichomoniasis that the disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. What would the nurse say is a factor that triggers growth of trichomoniasis? -irritation of vaginal walls -trauma to the bladder -being postmenopausal -spontaneous abortion

Irritation of vaginal walls

Which is a true statement regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)? -Hypothermia will occur. -Constipation usually develops. -It is most contagious during the second week of illness. -It is spread by fecal contamination.

It is the most contagious during the second week of illness Based on available information, SARS is most likely to be contagious only when symptoms are present, and patients are most contagious during the second week of illness. Diarrhea and hyperthermia may occur with SARS. Respiratory droplets spread the SARS virus when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Which stage or period of syphilis occurs when the infected person has no signs or symptoms of syphilis? Latency Primary Tertiary Secondary

Latency

Which assessment findings would the nurse expect in a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis? Petechiae over the chest and abnormal ABGs Leukocytosis and localized bone pain Pruritus and uremic frost Thrombocytopenia and ecchymosis

Leukocytosis and localized bone pain

Which term refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? Spherocyte Lymphocyte Granulocyte Thrombocyte

Lymphocyte

A client complains of general malaise and fatigue and has a mild fever. The nurse would evaluate this stage of disease as the: Incubation stage Convalescent stage Resolution stage Prodromal stage

Prodromal stage

A group of students are reviewing the various causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in children. The students demonstrate understanding of this condition when they identify what as the most common cause? Chlamydia trachomatis Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae

Staphylococcus aureus

An infant has been born to a client who is HIV positive. What is the infant's most likely prognosis for developing AIDS? The infant's immune system possesses high immunoglobulin levels due to passive immunity and will not likely develop HIV. The infant's immune system may or may not be able to eradicate HIV during the first few months of life. The infant will most likely have AIDS by his or her first birthday. The infant can be HIV antibody positive by ELISA for up to 18 months of age without being actively infected with HIV.

The infant can be HIV antibody positive by ELISA for up to 18 months of age without being actively infected with HIV.

The nurse conducting a hand hygiene in-service determines that the participants need additional education when they state that the use of an alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate in which situation? After direct contact with clients Before direct contact with clients After completing a wound dressing When hands are visibly soiled

When hands are visibly soiled

Neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. -Released into synaptic cleft on stimulus -Postsynaptic neuron dendrites or cell body depolarizes, depending on neurotransmitters present.

A fomite is a/an: natural disinfectant. infection transfer agent. tick-like ectoparasite. natural antibiotic.

infection transfer agent.

People taking antimicrobial drugs should be instructed to report any problem that could indicate adverse drug effects, lack of therapeutic response, or emergence of another infection. One such problem is: muscle soreness. skin rash. headache. constipation.

skin rash

Synapse

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron -Presynaptic axon terminal -Synaptic cleft -Postsynaptic receptor