NTDT 310 exam 3
After training and performance, it is recommended that athletes drink approximately ___ of fluid per kg of body weight lost, beginning as soon after exercise as is practical
1.5 L
As a rule of thumb for athletes, experts recommend a post-exercise fluid intake as soon after exercise as practical of approximately
1.5 L of fluid per kg body weight lost
Individuals should consume fluids containing carbohydrates and sodium after exercising continuously for approximately
2 hours
How many minerals have been identified as essential
21
Research has shown that daily intake of caffeine under ____mg does not result in dehydration; a 16 oz cup of commercially brewed coffee contains about ____ mg of caffein
450; 300
In addition to beverages and food, another source of water for the body is
Aerobic metabolism
Why do some athletes ingest glycerol prior to exercise?
Attracts water and results in fluid retention
These vitamins are involved in the production of ATP
B-complex vitamins
What are two factors associated with a lower percentage of body water?
Being older and having a large amount of body fat
What is oxidative stress
Damage that occurs due to the increase in free radical production
Blood cells whose primary function is the transport of oxygen are called ____.
Erythrocytes
Athletes who train and perform in the water, swimmers and water polo players, rarely sweat while in the water, T or F
False
Caffeine is the only fluid that has a diuretic effect, T or F
False
Dehydration and hypo hydration can be used interchangeably because they both refer to the process of losing water, T or F
False
Heavy sweating results in a loss of plasma water and a decrease in plasma sodium concentration, T or F
False
In the US, the amount of caffeine contained in an energy beverage must be stated on the label, T or F
False
More vitamin toxicities take about one or two weeks to develop T or F
False
Most body water is found in the extracellular fluid, T or F
False
Multimineral supplements have been carefully formulated and tested to make sure that the amounts contained do not interfere with absorption. True False
False
The water found in the ICF and the ECF remains static, T or F
False
What tissue is approximately 10% water?
Fat
When an athlete is hypo hydrated, ?
Heat dissipation is impaired and body temperature rises
what condition results from increasing core temperature and deteriorating thermoregulatory control?
Hyperthermia
What effect would glycerol leading have on an athlete's body weight?
Increase in body weight
In which compartment is the largest amount of body fluid stored?
Intracellular fluid
What is insensible water loss
Loss of water from the body that is not noticeable
Which of the following is a carotenoid with red pigment and antioxidant properties
Lycopene
What effect do vitamin B12 injections have in healthy athletes
No effect
which of the following is an anion involved in fluid balance?
Phosphate
What is the primary cation in extracellular fluid?
Sodium
A decrease in plasma volume occurs within the first few minutes after exercise begins, T or F
True
Based on the current body of scientific literature, a daily caffeine intake for adults of ~450 mg or less does NOT have a negative effect on fluid or electrolyte balance. T or F
True
Exceptional heat cramps may be the result of rapid and large losses of fluid and sodium, T or F
True
Free radicals and reactive oxygen ROS are much more likely to react with vitamin E than with polyunsaturated Fatty acids in the cell membrane T or F
True
Glycerol is an osmotically active, water-retaining molecule. T or F
True
It is easy for athletes who train in the heat to dehydrate because the rate of water absorption from the stomach and intestine is usually slower than the rate of loss from sweat, T or F
True
It is unsafe to make a blanket recommendation for fluid intake during exercise for all members of the same team, T or F
True
On average, an adult's body is approximately 60% water by weight, but individuals may range from 40 to 80%, T or F
True
The two major forces that result in the movement of water are fluid pressure and osmotic pressure, T or F
True
Vitamins with anti-oxidant properties can be fat soluble or water soluble T or F
True
Water can be lost through ventilation, T or F
True
When conditions are more humid, sweating is a less effective means of regulating body temperature, T or F
True
When hypo hydration occurs in the ECF, the osmolarity of the ECF increases and water shifts from the cells to the ECF, T or F
True
Which accounts for the largest amount of water loss in a sedentary individual
Urine
What vitamins are only found in foods of animal origin
Vitamin B12
Milk and milk products are excellent sources of
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
A mineral that is under substantial hormonal control
calcium
Before consuming sports drinks during an event, athletes should experiment with them during training because the ________ content of these drinks can increase ________
carbohydrate; gastric distress
When body fluids have a solute concentration that is greater than the concentration of solutes in the cells, they are referred to as ____.
hypertonic
Best source of vitamin E
nuts
All of the following are goals of fluid consumption during exercise EXCEPT ____
overconsumption of water to ensure stores are at maximum capacity
Hyponatremia resulting from exercise can cause a serious and sustained loss in _____ concentration to below 135 mmol/L.
plasma sodium
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine is found in coenzymes that are needed to
release glucose from glycogen stores
The vitamin contained in coenzymes necessary for oxidation-reduction reaction in the production of ATP is
riboflavin
The compound present in the largest amount in sweat is
sodium
Prime example of minerals that act as electrolytes and help to maintain body fluid balance are
sodium, potassium, and chloride
Hypokalemia is a result of
substantial potassium loss without replenishment
Maintaining hydration during endurance events is most likely to be challenging due to
sweat rates that exceed gastric emptying and absorption rates
As an individual's core temperature rises, the ____ glands are activated to reduce the body's ____
sweat; heat load
The two most likely sources of larger-than-normal mineral losses in athletes are:
urine and sweat
One form of insensible water loss is
ventilation
Night blindness is associated with a clinical deficiency of
vitamin A