Nurs 310 Fluid/electrolyte prepu questions

What is the rate of administration for packed red blood cells? a) 1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours b) As fast as the patient can tolerate c) IV push over 3 minutes d) 200 mL/hr

a) 1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

The nurse is describing the role of antidiuretic hormone in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when antidiuretic hormone is present? a) The renal system retains more water. b) The client has a decreased sensation of thirst. c) Urine becomes more diluted. d) The frequency of voiding increases.

a) The renal system retains more water.

A nurse needs to get an accurate fluid output assessment of a client with severe diarrhea. Which action should the nurse perform? a) Weigh the client's wet linen or dressing. b) Weigh the client before and after meals. c) Weigh the volume of IV fluid before instilling. d) Weigh the client without soiled incontinence pads.

a) Weigh the client's wet linen or dressing.

A home care nurse is teaching a client and family about the importance of a balanced diet. The nurse determines that the education was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a rich source of potassium? a) Dairy products b) Apricots c) Bread products d) Processed meat

b) Apricots

The nurse, along with a nursing student, is caring for Mrs. Roper, who was admitted with dehydration. The student asks the nurse where most of the body fluid is located. The nurse should answer with which fluid compartment? a) Extracellular b) Intracellular c) Interstitial d) Intravascular

b) Intracellular

The nurse is determining a site for an IV infusion. What guideline should the nurse consider? a) Veins in surgical areas should be used to increase the potency of medication. b) Scalp veins should be selected for infants because of their accessibility. c) Antecubital veins should be used for long-term infusions. d) Veins in the leg should be used to keep the arms free for the client's use

b) Scalp veins should be selected for infants because of their accessibility.

A client age 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of: a) hypothyroidism. b) hypocalcemia. c) hypokalemia. d) hypoglycemia.

c) hypokalemia.

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms indicative of: a) a systemic blood infection. b) rapid fluid administration. c) phlebitis. d) an infiltration.

c) phlebitis.

A healthy client eats a regular, balanced diet and drinks 3,000 mL of liquids during a 24-hour period. In evaluating this client's urine output for the same 24-hour period, the nurse realizes that it should total approximately how many mL? a) 3,750 b) 500 c) 1,000 d) 3,000

d) 3,000

A physician has asked the nurse to use microdrip tubing to administer a prescribed dosage of IV solution to a client. What is the standard drop factor of microdrip tubing? a) 90 drops/mL b) 120 drops/mL c) 30 drops/mL d) 60 drops/mL

d) 60 drops/mL

A nurse is measuring intake and output for a patient who has congestive heart failure. What does not need to be recorded? a) Sips of water b) Frozen fluids c) Parenteral fluids d) Fruit consumption

d) Fruit consumption

Which client has more extracellular fluid? a) Adolescent man b) Female school-age child c) Newborn d) Adult woman

c) Newborn

A physician orders an infusion of 250 mL of NS in 100 minutes. The set is 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate? a) 50 gtt/min b) 40 gtt/min c) 20 gtt/min d) 30 gtt/min

a) 50 gtt/min

What is the lab test commonly used in the assessment and treatment of acid-base balance? a) Arterial blood gas b) Chemistry I c) Complete blood count d) Urinalysis

a) Arterial blood gas

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client? a) Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids. b) Use an alcohol-based mouthwash to moisten your mouth. c) Eat crackers and bread. d) Use regular gum and hard candy.

a) Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids.

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L. For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level? a) Cardiac dysrhythmias b) Pulmonary embolus c) Fluid volume excess d) Tetany

a) Cardiac dysrhythmias

The nurse is caring for elderly patients in a long-term care facility. What age-related alteration should the nurse consider when planning care for these patients? a) Cardiac volume intolerance b) An increased sense of thirst c) Increased renal blood flow d) Increase in nephrons in the kidneys

a) Cardiac volume intolerance

What nursing interventions would be appropriate for a patient diagnosed with deficient fluid volume? (Select all that apply.) a) Intravenous therapy b) Monitoring edema c) Fluid restriction d) Hypervolemia management e) Nutrition management f) Electrolyte management

a) Intravenous therapy e) Nutrition management f) Electrolyte management

The nursing instructor is quizzing a group of students about fluid and electrolyte balance. Which of the following statements made by students indicate an understanding of the efforts of the organs to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance? Select all that apply. a) The adrenal glands regulate blood volume by secreting aldosterone." b) "The kidneys regulate extracellular fluid volume by retention and excretion of body fluids." c) "The kidneys regulate pH of extracellular fluid by excreting and retaining hydrogen ions." d) "The kidneys react to hypovolemia by stimulating fluid retention." e) "The nervous system regulates oral intake by sensing intracellular dehydration, which in turn stimulates thirst."

a) The adrenal glands regulate blood volume by secreting aldosterone." b) "The kidneys regulate extracellular fluid volume by retention and excretion of body fluids." c) "The kidneys regulate pH of extracellular fluid by excreting and retaining hydrogen ions." e) "The nervous system regulates oral intake by sensing intracellular dehydration, which in turn stimulates thirst."

Edema happens when there is which fluid volume imbalance? a) extracellular fluid volume excess b) extracellular fluid volume deficit c) water deficit d) water excess

a) extracellular fluid volume excess

Arterial blood gases reveal that a client's pH is 7.20. What physiologic process will contribute to a restoration of correct acid-base balance? a) increased respiratory rate b) hypoventilation c) renal retention of H ions d) increased excretion of bicarbonate ions by the kidneys

a) increased respiratory rate

A child is eating a peanut butter sandwich. He is ingesting an excellent source of: a) magnesium. b) sulfate. c) potassium. d) calcium.

a) magnesium.

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of: a) renin. b) insulin. c) protein. d) thrombus.

a) renin.

A woman age 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires: a) replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea. b) intravenous fluids to be administered on an outpatient basis. c) an access route to administer medications intravenously. d) an access route to replace fluids in combination with blood products.

a) replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

The primary extracellular electrolytes are: a) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. b) phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate. c) potassium, phosphate, and sulfate. d) magnesium, sulfate, and carbon.

a) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this complication? a) Apply antiseptic and a dressing. b) Apply a warm compress. c) Elevate the client's head. d) Position the client on the left side.

b) Apply a warm compress.

A nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a client prescribed a potassium-sparing diuretic. The client tells the nurse that he had a banana, yogurt, and bran cereal for breakfast and a turkey sandwich with a glass of milk for lunch. The intake of which food would be a cause for concern? a) Turkey b) Banana c) Milk d) Yogurt

b) Banana

Which is a common anion? a) Magnesium b) Chloride c) Calcium d) Potassium

b) Chloride

A nurse is providing care to a client with hypocalcemia. The nurse would monitor the client's laboratory test results for which imbalance? a) Hyponatremia b) Hyperphosphatemia c) Hypokalemia d) Hypermagnesemia

b) Hyperphosphatemia

A nurse is reviewing the client's serum electrolyte levels which are as follows: Sodium: 138 mEq/L Potassium: 3.2 mEq/L Calcium: 4.4 mEq/L Magnesium: 1.6 mEq/L Chloride: 100 mEq/L Phosphate: 1.8 mEq/L Based on these levels, the nurse would identify which imbalance? a) Hypercalcemia b) Hypokalemia c) Hyponatremia d) Hypermagnesemia

b) Hypokalemia

A young man has developed gastric esophageal reflux disease. He is treating it with antacids. Which acid-base imbalance is he at risk for developing? a) Metabolic acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosis c) Respiratory alkalosis d) Respiratory acidosis

b) Metabolic alkalosis

A nurse is assessing for the presence of edema in a client who is confined to bed and who often lies supine. The nurse would pay particular attention to which area? a) Hands b) Sacral area c) Abdomen d) Face

b) Sacral area

Which client would be a candidate for total parenteral nutrition? a) a postoperative appendectomy client b) a client with colitis and bloody diarrhea c) a client receiving intravenous antibiotics d) a client with diabetic ketoacidosis

b) a client with colitis and bloody diarrhea

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L, a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor? a) increased intracranial pressure (ICP) b) cardiac irregularities c) metabolic acidosis d) muscle weakness

b) cardiac irregularities

A client loses consciousness after strenuous exercise and needs to be admitted to a health care facility. The client is diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse knows that the client needs restoration of: a) interstitial fluid. b) electrolytes. c) non-electrolytes. d) colloid solution.

b) electrolytes.

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as: a) cellular hydration. b) total parenteral nutrition. c) volume expander. d) blood transfusion therapy.

b) total parenteral nutrition.

A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs? a) A peripheral venous catheter inserted to the cephalic vein b) A peripheral venous catheter inserted to the antecubital fossa c) An implanted central venous access device (CVAD) d) A midline peripheral catheter

c) An implanted central venous access device (CVAD)

Which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume? a) Hypotonic b) Colloid c) Isotonic d) Hypertonic

c) Isotonic

Mr. Jones is admitted to your unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. His laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L. For what manifestations will you be alert? a) Nausea, vomiting, and constipation b) Diminished cognitive ability and hypertension c) Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias d) Muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation

c) Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias

The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first? a) a 20-year-old, 2 days postoperative open appendectomy who refuses to ambulate today b) a 47-year-old who had a colon resection yesterday and is reporting pain c) a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools d) a 60-year-old who is 3 days post-myocardial infarction and has been stable.

c) a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools

Major control over the extracellular concentration of potassium within the human body is exerted by: a) testosterone. b) progesterone. c) aldosterone. d) albumin.

c) aldosterone.

Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse make based on the effects of fluid and electrolyte imbalance on human functioning? a) Pain related to surgical incision b) Constipation related to immobility c) Risk for Infection related to inadequate personal hygiene d) Acute Confusion related to cerebral edema

d) Acute Confusion related to cerebral edema

A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implementing client education, what information should be included? a) Decreased oxygen levels b) Increased sodium levels c) Increased potassium levels d) Decreased potassium levels

d) Decreased potassium levels

A nurse is required to initiate IV therapy for a client. Which should the nurse consider before starting the IV? a) Use half-instilled IV solutions before infusing a new one. b) Avoid replacing IV solution every 24 hours. c) Select a primary tubing of about 37 inches (94 cm) long. d) Ensure that the prescribed solution is clear and transparent.

d) Ensure that the prescribed solution is clear and transparent.

A client is admitted to the facility after experiencing uncontrolled diarrhea for the past several days. The client is exhibiting signs of a fluid volume deficit. When reviewing the client's laboratory test results, which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse most likely find? a) Hypomagnesemia b) Hypernatremia c) Hyperchloremia d) Hypokalemia

d) Hypokalemia

When providing chemotherapeutic agents, which catheter is accessed with a noncoring needle? a) Hickman catheter b) Peripheral central catheter c) Groshong catheter d) Implanted venous access

d) Implanted venous access

Potassium is essential for normal cardiac, neural, and muscle function and contractility of all muscles. Which is false about potassium? a) Insulin promotes the transfer of potassium from the extracellular fluid into skeletal muscle and liver cells. b) A person loses approximately 30 mEq of potassium. c) Aldosterone enhances renal excretion of potassium. d) Normal serum potassium ranges from 5.5 to 6.0 mEq/L.

d) Normal serum potassium ranges from 5.5 to 6.0 mEq/L.

A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte? a) Phosphorous b) Sodium c) Chloride d) Potassium

d) Potassium

When providing care for a client who has a peripheral intravenous catheter in situ, the nurse should: a) insert the largest gauge possible to maximize flow and minimize the risk of occlusion. b) clean the insertion site daily using sterile technique. c) flush the catheter every six hours with hypertonic solution if the IV is not in constant use. d) change the site every three to four days.

d) change the site every three to four days.

A nurse who has diagnosed a client as having "fluid volume excess" related to compromised regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may have been alerted by what symptom? a) nausea and vomiting b) fingerprinting over sternum c) muscle twitching d) distended neck veins

d) distended neck veins