NURS 355

The nurse works in a pediatric care unit. Which patients in the unit are at a high risk of developing viremia? (Select All That Apply) a. a patient who has watery diarrhea b. a patient who has late-stage blood cancer c. a patient who has a common cold and fever d. a patient who has an immunologic disorder e. a patient taking immunosuppressive therapy

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A toddler has a skin infection. Which instruction does the nurse give to the parents to reduce the toddler's discomfort? (Select All That Apply) a. Use calamine lotion regularly b. Use nonirritating clothing c. Give hot baths to the patient d. Avoid patient exposure to the sun e. Avoid administering hydroxyzine

a. Use calamine lotion regularly b. Use nonirritating clothing e. Avoid administering hydroxyzine

The nurse works in a vaccination clinic. Which patients should receive the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine? (Select All That Apply) a. a 12-month-old baby with the flu b. a 14-month-old baby allergic to eggs c. a breastfeeding mother d. a pregnant woman in the first trimester e. a pregnant woman in the third trimester

a. a 12-month-old baby with the flu b. a 14-month-old baby allergic to eggs c. a breastfeeding mother rationale: MMR should not be given to any pregnant women, irrespective of their gestational age.

A child is admitted to the hospital for whooping cough. The plan of care indicates that the nurse should assess the patient for signs of airway obstruction. For which signs will the nurse assess the child? (Select All That Apply) a. cyanosis b. skin pallor c. apprehension in the child d. increased temperature e. increased restlessness

a. cyanosis c. apprehension in the child e. increased restlessness

Which medication should the nurse most expect to find in the medication profile for a patient with a diagnosis of diphtheria? a. equine antitoxin b. acyclovir c. acetaminophen d. diphenhydramine hydrochloride

a. equine antitoxin

An infant has a low-grade fever, is sneezing, has tearing eyes, and exhibits a short and rapid cough that occurs mainly at night and is followed by a crowing sound. Which nursing actions are appropriate for this patient? (Select All That Apply) a. provide humidified oxygenation and suction b. place the child on the bed in a supine position c. restrict oral fluids since these can aggravate the cough d. place the patient on droplet precautions e. administer mild sedatives to the child as necessary

a. provide humidified oxygenation and suction d. place the patient on droplet precautions

Which vaccines are contraindicated for children who are immunocompromised? (Select All That Apply) a. varicella b. tetanus c. pertussis d. inactivated polio e. measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)

a. varicella e. measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)

A child tells the nurse about pain in his testes. Before this, the child had symptoms including a fever, headache, and an earache while chewing food. The pain was accompanied by swelling in the neck. The nurse instructs the parents to apply warm compresses and provide testicular support with tight-fitting underpants. What is the most probable cause for these symptoms? a. Rubella b. Mumps c. Rubeola d. Pertussis

b. Mumps rationale: inflammation of the parotid glands causes the pain in the testes (Epididymoorchitis)

A nurse is caring for a toddler with sickle cell disease. For which complication is this patient at risk? a. stomatitis b. aplastic anemia c. conjunctivitis d. gingivostomatitis

b. aplastic anemia

How does the nurse refer to the period between early manifestations of the disease and its overt clinical syndrome? a. incubation period b. prodromal period c. desquamation period d. communicable period

b. prodromal period

the nurse is educating a parent about rotavirus vaccine. Which statement pertaining to the rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq, is appropriate? a. "the dose is 1 mL in each administration." b. "the vaccine is given through subcutaneously." c. "the first dose is administered between 6 to 12 weeks of age." d. "the vaccine should not be given beyond 30 weeks of age."

c. "the first dose is administered between 6 to 12 weeks of age."

A nurse is educating a patient's parents about the use of medicine in bacterial conjunctivitis. Which statement of the parents indicates the need for further teaching? a. "we can administer eye drops anytime during the day." b. "we should apply eye ointment before bedtime." c. "we should use corticosteroids to treat conjunctivitis." d. "we can use sodium sulfacetamide to treat conjunctivitis."

c. "we should use corticosteroids to treat conjunctivitis." rationale: corticosteroids should be avoided, because they reduce ocular resistance to bacteria and worsen the infection.

A child is brought to the hospital with reddened eyes. The child has purulent discharge from the eyes, crusting, and swollen eyelids. What is the most likely reason for the child's symptoms? a. virus b. allergy c. bacteria d. foreign body

c. bacteria rationale: the signs and symptoms indicate that the child is suffering from bacterial conjunctivitis. (reddening of the eye, purulent discharge, and crusting and swelling of the eyelids).

While reviewing the diagnostic reports of an OLDER child, the nurse finds the presence of giardia lamblia in the child's stool. What symptom is specific to OLDER children? a. diarrhea b. vomiting c. constipation d. intermittent hard stools

c. constipation

The nurse is preparing to administer the hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, right ventricle, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and inactivated polio vaccine immunizations to a 2-month-old infant. The nurse has given the vaccine information sheet to the parents. The parents are concerned about the amount of injections their infant is going to receive. Which nursing statement is the most appropriate response? a. "the length of the needle is short and will not cause much pain, and I will give them in different locations. That will help to limit the pain as well." b. "I understand your concern. I was concerned about that as well when my baby had the same immunizations, but to my surprise, she did fine." c. "This will not take too long to administer the immunizations. Once I have administered the immunizations, you can hold your baby to provide comfort." d. "I hear you are concerned about the amount of injections your baby is to receive. You can come back on another day, and we can divide the immunizations over two visits."

d. "I hear you are concerned about the amount of injections your baby is to receive. You can come back on another day, and we can divide the immunizations over two visits." rationale: it is important to respect the family's concerns and not dismiss them by saying the needles won't cause pain. Discussing the nurse's own child is inappropriate and takes the focus off the patient. Saying that administering the immunizations won't take long ignores the family's concerns.

A toddler has bacterial conjunctivitis. Which medicine does the nurse expect the health care provider to order for the patient? a. Acyclovir b. Hydroxyzine c. Mebendazole d. Sodium sulfacetamide

d. Sodium sulfacetamide

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has severe measles. While checking the history, the nurse finds that the toddler has ophthalmologic evidence of vitamin A deficiency. The nurse is ordered to administer vitamin A supplement to the toddler. How should the nurse plan to administer the supplements in this situation? a. administer a higher dose to the patient b. administer a single oral dose of 200,000 IU. c. administer a single oral dose of 100,000 IU d. administer a repeat dose the next day and after 4 weeks

d. administer a repeat dose the next day and after 4 weeks rationale: vitamin A supplementation reduces both morbidity and mortality in measles. Administration of a higher dose should be avoided, because it may lead to vomiting and headache for a few hours.

With a diagnosis of histoplasmosis, the nurse would expect to find which symptoms during the patient assessment? a. headache, dizziness, stiff neck, and signs of increased intracranial pressure b. pulmonary symptoms, such as cough, fever, chest pain, weakens, weight loss c. cough, fever, malaise, myalgia, headache, chest pain, and hepatosplenomegaly d. general systemic symptoms such as pallor, diarrhea, vomiting, and irregularly spiking temperature

d. general systemic symptoms such as pallor, diarrhea, vomiting, and irregularly spiking temperature

There is an outbreak of measles in a rural area. The nurse is organizing an informational presentation about measles vaccinations and vitamin A injections for the community. What information should the nurse include? a. the minimum age at which the measles vaccine can be administered is 12 months. b. vitamin A injections are not useful if given to children already infected with measles c. two vitamin A injections can prevent measles infections in children under 2 years of age. d. the first dose of measles vaccine will be given at 6 months with a second one after 12 months of age.

d. the first dose of measles vaccine will be given at 6 months with a second one after 12 months of age. rationale: when there is an outbreak of measles (rubeola), the first dose of measles vaccine can be given any time after 6 months of age, followed by a second inoculation after 12 months.