Unit 1 - Pictures/Graphs/ETC

valid

A medium male wrist watch will fit about 20% of the females in this sample.

Higher temperatures on sunny days is responsible for the association.

A strong positive correlation is found between sales of sunglasses and sales of ice cream at a certain mall. What is the most likely explanation for this association? - An increase in the sales of sunglasses will cause an increase in the sale of ice cream. - An increase in the sale of ice cream will cause an increase in the sale of sunglasses - Higher temperatures on sunny days is responsible for the association.

valid

A typical range of hip girth measurements for women and for men overlap. This overlap suggests that typical women and men in this sample have similar hip girth measurements

invalid

A medium male wrist watch fits wrist diameters between 10.5 and 12 centimeters. A medium wrist watch will fit 18% of the males in this sample.

The standard deviation will increase.

A college statistics class conducted a survey of how students spend their money. They asked 25 students to estimate how much money they typically spend each week on fast food. They determined that the mean amount spent on fast food is $31.52 with a standard deviation of $21.60. Later they realized that a value entered as $17 should have been $71. They recalculate the mean and standard deviation. The mean is now $33.68. Which of the following is true about the standard deviation? - The standard deviation will increase. - The standard deviation will stay the same. - The standard deviation will decrease.

strong

Based on the form of the relationship as it is illustrated above, the relationship is quite - strong - weak

Median between 6 and 8 hours, with the mean larger than the median

Based on the histogram, what can you conclude about the mean and median? - Median between 6 and 8 hours, with the mean larger than the median - Median between 6 and 8 hours, with the mean smaller than the median - Median between 10 and 12 hours, with the mean smaller than the median - Median is between 10 and 12 hours, with the mean larger than the median

years of education

Each research question below describes a relationship between two quantitative variables. Which variable should be plotted on the horizontal X-axis? For women aged 25-35 what is the relationship between their annual salary and the number of years of education? - salary - years of education - either

age

Each research question below describes a relationship between two quantitative variables. Which variable should be plotted on the horizontal X-axis? How is the age of a teenager related to the average number of text messages they send and receive each day? - age - average number of text messages - either

square footage

Each research question below describes a relationship between two quantitative variables. Which variable should be plotted on the horizontal X-axis? Is the sales price of a townhouse in San Francisco related to the number of square feet in the townhouse? - sales price - square footage - either

E

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot

A

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot 1

Valid

Identify whether the following statement is a valid conclusion that may be drawn from the boxplots: The medians are close. This suggests that the typical CVD mortality rate is about the same for both groups of countries.

increased

In the context of this example, this means that when researchers promised higher payments, the percentage of participants who completed the survey - increased - remained the same - decreased.

the adult cereal with 5 grams of fat in a serving

In the distributions of fat content in cereals, which of the following could be outliers?

10

Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep! The past five days, she has lost 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 sheep, respectively. What is the variance of the number of sheep she has lost in the sample of the last five days?

4.3

Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep! The past five days, she has lost 3, 8, 14, 5, and 10 sheep, respectively. What is the standard deviation of the number of sheep she has lost in the sample of the last five days? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

18.5

Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep! The past five days, she has lost 3, 8, 14, 5, and 10 sheep, respectively. What is the variance of the number of sheep she has lost in the sample of the last five days?

Plot B

Note that automobile fuel efficiency is often measured in miles that the car can be driven per gallon of fuel (mpg). Which of the following graphs shows that heavier cars tend to have lower fuel efficiencies? Plot A Plot B Plot C

Plot 3

Scatterplot strength: Which of the plots has the strongest linear association?

0.09

The four correlation coefficients for the scatterplots shown are −0.75, 0.09, 0.88, and 0.99. Which one of these correlation coefficient values is the most appropriate choice for the data shown in Plot 4?

valid

The overall range in hip girths is larger for women.

The median is 15. The distribution is skewed right, so the mean will be greater than the median. For this reason, the median is a better representation of the typical number of credit hours.

Which is the most appropriate description of how to determine a typical number of credit hours for full-time students? - The median is halfway between the smallest and the largest number of credit hours, so the median is 17. Since the bulk of the data is to the left of the median, the mean is pulled left. The mean is about 16. - Students must petition for approval to enroll in more than 18 hours, so any values above 18 are outliers and should be disregarded. This makes the data approximately symmetrical with a central peak. Therefore the mean and the median are both about 15, and both are appropriate representations of the typical number of credit hours. - The median is 15. The distribution is skewed right, so the mean will be greater than the median. For this reason, the median is a better representation of the typical number of credit hours.

Plot 4

Which of the following is the most likely scatterplot showing the ages of two people in a marriage?

There is less variability in the number of expensive coffee beverages consumed by men because there is no outlier.

Which of the following statements is the most reasonable conclusion about the variability depicted in the boxplots? - There is less variability in the number of expensive coffee beverages consumed by women because the IQR is smaller. - There is less variability in the number of expensive coffee beverages consumed by women because the overall range is smaller. - There is less variability in the number of expensive coffee beverages consumed by men because there is no outlier. - There is less variability in the number of expensive coffee beverages consumed by men because the median is smaller.

Plot 4

Which of the plots has the strongest linear association? Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4

Plot 2

Which of the plots has the strongest nonlinear association?

plot 1

Which of the plots has the strongest positive association? Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4

Boxplot C

Which one of the following boxplots represents the data displayed in the histogram?

invalid

Women have larger hips than men because one woman had a hip girth of 128 cm, which is about 9 cm larger than any man.

invalid

Women have smaller hips than men because one woman has a hip girth of 78 cm, which is smaller than any man.

The median is between 40 and 50, with the mean larger than the median.

Based on the histogram, what can you conclude about the mean and median? - The median is between 40 and 50, with the mean smaller than the median. - The median is between 50 and 60, with the mean larger than the median. - The median is between 40 and 50, with the mean larger than the median. - The median is between 50 and 60, with the mean smaller than the median.

r = 0.100

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = 0.436 r = 0.100 r = −0.897 r = 0.995 r = −0.575

r = 0.436

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = 0.436 r = 0.100 r = −0.897 r = 0.995 r = −0.575

r = 0.995

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = 0.436 r = 0.100 r = −0.897 r = 0.995 r = −0.575

r = −0.575

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = 0.436 r = 0.100 r = −0.897 r = 0.995 r = −0.575

r = −0.897

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = 0.436 r = 0.100 r = −0.897 r = 0.995 r = −0.575

r = 0.678

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

r = 0.845

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

r = 0.941

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

r = −0.127

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

r = −0.383

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

r = −0.828

Choose the most likely correlation value for this scatterplot: r = −0.127 r = −0.383 r = −0.828 r = 0.678 r = 0.845 r = 0.941

quiz scores on a very easy quiz

Choose the variable that fits the shape of the distribution shown. - repeated volume measurements of a one-liter bottle of soda - salaries of the New York Yankees in 2010 - quiz scores on a very easy quiz

bicep girth

For this sample of adults, which variable has a stronger relationship to weight? - thigh girth - bicep girth

Income data from large random sample of individuals

For which of the following distributions will the median probably be a better measure of center than the mean? - Income data from large random sample of individuals - The birth weights from a large random sample of babies - Repeated volume measurements of the same liter of soda - Homework scores with a bell-shaped distribution

C

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot 2

D

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot 3

F

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot 4

B

Fill in the letter of the description that matches each scatterplot. Descriptions: A: X = month (January = 1), Y = rainfall (inches) in Napa, CA in 2010 (Note: Napa has rain in the winter months and months with little to no rainfall in summer.) B: X = month (January = 1), Y = average temperature in Boston MA in 2010 (Note: Boston has cold winters and hot summers.) C: X = year (in five-year increments from 1970), Y = Medicare costs (in $) (Note: the yearly increase in Medicare costs has gotten bigger and bigger over time.) D: X = average temperature in Boston MA (°F), Y = average temperature in Boston MA (°C) each month in 2010 E: X = chest girth (cm), Y = shoulder girth (cm) for a sample of men F: X = engine displacement (liters), Y = city miles per gallon for a sample of cars (Note: engine displacement is roughly a measure of engine size. Large engines use more gas.) - Scatterpolot 5

Plot 2

Final and course grade: We recorded the final exam (in percent) and course grade (in percent) for 75 statistics students. Which of the following scatterplots shows that students with higher final exam scores tend to have higher course grades?

Quantitative

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical or quantitative. Calories

Categorical

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical or quantitative. Cereal manufacturer

Neither

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical or quantitative. Cereal name

Quantitative

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical or quantitative. Fat

Categorical

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical or quantitative. Target

Quantitative

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical, quantitative or neither. Annual income

Quantitative

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical, quantitative or neither. Family Size

Categorical

For the following questions, indicate whether the variable is categorical, quantitative or neither. Zip Code

Salary data for players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) where most of the players earn the league minimum and a few superstars earn very high salaries in comparison.

For which one of the following distributions will the median be a better measure of center than the mean? Exam scores with a central peak around an average test score and a few students scoring lower than the average and a few scoring higher. Repeated weight measurements of the same 1.6-ounce bag of Peanut M&Ms by students in a large chemistry class using a balance scale. Salary data for players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) where most of the players earn the league minimum and a few superstars earn very high salaries in comparison. Height data from a large random sample of men.

Invalid

Identify whether the following statement is a valid conclusion that may be drawn from the boxplots: If we use Q1 and Q3 to define a typical range of values, the countries with a high per-capita supply of vegetable protein have a typical range of CVD mortality rates between 31 and 47.5.

Valid

Identify whether the following statement is a valid conclusion that may be drawn from the boxplots: If we use range as a measure of variability, then the group of countries with a low per-capita supply of vegetable protein has more variability.

Valid

Identify whether the following statement is a valid conclusion that may be drawn from the boxplots: If we use the interquartile range as a measure of variability, then the group of countries with a low per-capita supply of vegetable protein has less variability.

1.6

Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep! The past five days, she has lost 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 sheep, respectively. What is the standard deviation of the number of sheep she has lost in the sample of the last five days? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

2.7

Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep! The past five days, she has lost 5, 10, 5, 10, and 5 sheep, respectively. What is the standard deviation of the number of sheep she has lost in the sample of the last five days? Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

positive

The association between bicep girth and weight is - positive - negative - neither

University A because the IQR is smaller.

The boxplots show the distribution of faculty ages for two universities. Which one of the following statements provides the best reason for the university that has less variability in the ages of their faculty? - University A because the IQR is smaller. - University A because the overall range is smaller. - University B because there is no outlier. - University B because the median is smaller.

positive

The direction of this relationship is - positive - negative - neither positive nor negative.

invalid

The distribution of hip girths for women is skewed to the left.

linear

The form of the relationship between bicep girth and weight is - linear - curvlinear - neither

curvilinear

The form of the relationship is - linear - curvilinear - neither linear nor curvilinear

0.7699

The four correlation coefficients for the scatterplots shown are −0.1169, 0.7699, −0.9396, and 0.1632. Which one of these correlation coefficient values is the most appropriate choice for the data shown in Plot 1? −0.1169 0.7699 −0.9396 0.1632

-0.9396

The four correlation coefficients for the scatterplots shown are −0.1169, 0.7699, −0.9396, and 0.1632. Which one of these correlation coefficient values is the most appropriate choice for the data shown in Plot 4?

invalid

The overall range in wrist measurements is larger for men.

The standard deviation will stay the same.

There are 30 students in a college biology class. After the first exam, their instructor told them that the class scores were normally distributed with a mean of 62.4 and a standard deviation of 9.2. To help raise their scores, he offers ten bonus points for completing a lab activity. Everyone completes the lab, and the class average is now 72.4. Which of the following is true about the standard deviation? - The standard deviation will increase. - The standard deviation will stay the same. The standard deviation will decrease.

21

Which one of the following values is the most reasonable estimate for the median? 21 24 27

Scatterplot 1

Which scatterplot has a correlation coefficient close to 0 but also has a strong relationship between the variables? Scatterplot 1 Scatterplot 2 Scatterplot 3

The standard deviation will decrease.

There are 40 students in a college statistics class. After the first exam, their instructor told them that the class scores were normally distributed with a mean of 76.9 and a standard deviation of 3.2. However, one of the students pointed out that the instructor recorded 28 for his score when he actually earned 82. The class recalculates the mean and standard deviation. The mean is now 78.3. Which of the following is true about the standard deviation? - The standard deviation will increase. - The standard deviation will stay the same. - The standard deviation will decrease.

The cost of pizza and subway fares are both affected similarly by underlying economic conditions.

There is a strong positive correlation between the cost of a slice of pizza in NYC and the cost of a subway fare in NYC. What is the most likely explanation for this association? - Pizza ingredients are delivered via subway, so the cost of a subway fare affects the cost of have pizza ingredients delivered. - Subway operators are heavy pizza consumers, so when pizza costs more they must charge more to ride the subway. - The cost of pizza and subway fares are both affected similarly by underlying economic conditions.

Boxplot D

This histogram shows the distribution of exam scores for a class of 33 students. Which of the following boxplots represents the data displayed in the above histogram?

John's correlation will be approximately 0.86 because the pattern in the data will be the same.

Two students conduct a study to investigate the relationship between forearm length and height. Maria measures the subjects in centimeters. In a scatterplot of the data she sees a linear relationship between the variables, so she calculates the correlation coefficient. She determines that r = 0.86. John measures the same subjects in inches. He also calculates the correlation coefficient. What do you expect the correlation will be for John's measurements? - John's correlation will be approximately 0.86(0.61) = 0.52 because one centimeter = 0.61 inches. - John's correlation will be approximately r = 1 because there is a very strong relationship between John's measurements and Maria's measurements. - John's correlation will be approximately 0.86 because the pattern in the data will be the same.

valid

Typical males have a larger wrist diameter than typical females.

a new mother

What does a point represent in this scatterplot? - a mother's weight - a new mother - a baby's birth weight

Valid

Which are accurate statements about the distribution of lifespans for this group of animal species? A typical lifespan for species in this group is 12 years or 15 years

valid

Which are accurate statements about the distribution of lifespans for this group of animal species? It is unusual for an animal species in this group to live longer than 25 years

valid

Which are accurate statements about the distribution of lifespans for this group of animal species? Lifespans ranged from a year to 30 years.

invalid

Which are accurate statements about the distribution of lifespans for this group of animal species?Lifespans ranged from a year to 30 years.

Both cities have about the same percentage.

Which city has a greater percentage of households with annual incomes above $80,000? - Statstown - Medianville - Both cities have about the same percentage. - It is impossible to tell from the boxplots.

Statstown

Which city has greater variability in income?

It is impossible to tell from the boxplots.

Which city has more households? - Statstown - Medianville - Both cities have the same number of households. - It is impossible to tell from the boxplots.

Set C

Which distribution has the largest mean?

Graph B

Which graph is best for summarizing the distribution?

The median is 8. The mean will be lower because the ratings are skewed to the left. For this reason, the median is a better representation of the typical job satisfaction rating.

Which is the most appropriate description of how to determine a typical faculty response for this distribution? - Use the mean rating, but remove the 3 faculty members with low ratings first. These are outliers and will impact the mean, so they should be omitted. - The median is 8. The mean will be lower because the ratings are skewed to the left. For this reason, the median is a better representation of the typical job satisfaction rating. - The median is 5. Most faculty have higher ratings, so the mean is close to 8. For this reason the mean is a better representation of a typical faculty member. - Faculty that make more money have higher job satisfaction. For this reason the mean will not represent the typical faculty member.

Both relationships are equally strong

Which of the two scatterplots do you think displays a stronger linear relationship? - The top scatterplot - The bottom scatterplot - Both relationships are equally strong

Min: 60; Q1: 71; Med: 76; Q3: 79; Max: 90

Which one of the following could be the 5-number summary for the distribution? - Min: 61; Q1: 71; Med: 76; Q3: 81; Max: 89 - Min: 60; Q1: 67; Med: 75; Q3: 82; Max: 90 - Min: 60; Q1: 71; Med: 76; Q3: 79; Max: 90 - Min: 65; Q1: 70; Med: 75; Q3: 80; Max: 85

77

Which one of the following values is the most reasonable estimate for the median? - 73 - 75 - 77

The median should be used to describe the center because, since the data is skewed, the middle outcome may more accurately describe a typical value in the distribution.

Which statement below is most accurate in describing the center of the distribution of study hours? - The median should be used to describe the center, because the values on the horizontal axis can be split exactly in the middle. - The median should be used to describe the center because, since the data is skewed, the middle outcome may more accurately describe a typical value in the distribution. - The mean should be used to describe the center because the data is roughly symmetric. - The mean should be used to describe the center because it may produce a decimal value, which is more accurate than the median.

Breakfast cereals

Who are the individuals described by these data?

People living in the US in the year 2000

Who are the individuals described in this data?