Nursing Care During Pregnancy

When breastfeeding, how many extra calories do you need per day?

500

caffeine intake recommendation; what are foods high in caffeine

<200-300 mg/day chocolate, coffee, tea, soda, limit to one caffeinated drink a day

Weeks of each trimester

0-13: 1st 14-26: 2nd 27-40: 3rd

24-28 weeks screenings

1 hour diabetes screen (don't have to fast, >130/140 is diabetes) GTT CB antenatal rhogam (if Negative) RPR and HIV titers

What cultures tend to like it hot in the room?

AA and indian

What does EDB stand for?

estimated date of birth

number of births

para

What do you do if a pregnant mother tells you she is craving laundry detergent or corn starch?

suggest nutritional alternatives such as protein powder and powdered milk, grounded nuts, almond flour, cashew powder

What would you do if the mother to be gets light headed or has a high BP or isn't urinating enough?

tell her to lay on her left side for a while because that increases perfusion

things you need to worry about with adolescent mothers

16 years or younger: late prenatal care nutritional deficits

How do you calculate EDB?

1st day of LMP- 3 months + 7 days subtract 3 calendar months from her LMP and add 7 days

Physical activity recommendations for pregnancy

2-3 times per week Recommended activity for someone who's never done exercise: walking 10-15 minute intervals HR=90; if >140, stop adequate food and drink

A pregnant patient asks the nurse about a trial of labor after cesarean. What is the patient's reason for asking about this? The patient is: Having a preterm delivery. In her late 30s. Having multiple fetuses. Attempting a vaginal birth.

4 Trial of labor after cesarean is the method in which the patient who has had a cesarean delivery previously attempts to have a vaginal delivery in the present pregnancy. The patient who has preterm birth risk would generally undergo a cesarean. Women who get pregnant at an older age are at a high risk for having pregnancy complications. These women usually have cesarean delivery. The patient who has a multifetal pregnancy would generally undergo a cesarean.

How much weight should a mother gain in the first trimester?

5 pounds total (if they gain more than that there will be dietary teaching)

The nurse is caring for a gravida I patient who asks about the tests and assessments that will be done during the initial prenatal visit. Which is the best response by the nurse? "The provider will assess fetal heart tones." "The provider will determine your fundal height." "The provider will do a fetal assessment to determine the gestational age." "The provider will do a lab test to check for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."

During the initial prenatal visit, the provider screens the patient for HIV, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, differential hemoglobin electrophoresis, blood type, Rh, and irregular antibodies. The patient will also receive a urinalysis and pelvic exam during the initial prenatal visit. The assessments for gestational age, fetal heart tones, and fundal height are done at the follow-up visits, not the initial prenatal visit.

A pregnant patient reports severe leg cramps, especially in the reclining posture. The nurse assesses the patient's laboratory reports. Which factor is responsible for the leg cramps in the patient? Elevated estrogen level Elevated progesterone level Elevated serum calcium level Elevated serum phosphorus level

Elevated serum phosphorus levels cause leg cramps in pregnant patients. During pregnancy, hormonal changes occur in the body. Elevated estrogen levels cause nasal stuffiness, epistaxis, angiomas, and gingivitis. Elevated progesterone levels cause constipation. Leg cramps (gastrocnemius spasm) are caused when serum calcium levels are low.

What are normal blood sugar levels for a GTT (glucose tolerance test)

FBS <95 1 hour <180 2 hour: <155 3 hour: <140

What are all the different tests for syphillis?

FTA-ABS,RPR,VDRL

What does each letter in GTPAL stand for

G: number of pregnancies (including current one) T: number of pregnancies delivered at 38 weeks or later P: number of pregnancies delivered between 20 to 37 weeks A: number of pregnancies ending in spontaneous or therapeutic abortion less than 20 weeks L: number of currently living children

What herbs are beneficial for pregnancy?

Ginger: helps with morning sickness (responds better than peppermint) Red raspberry: *shouldn't take until they are about to have the baby in third trimester* helps get the cervix ready for birth

35-36 week screening

Group B Beta Strep (GBBS) Repeat Gonorrhea/Chlamydia if indicated

Contraindications to breastfeeding

HIV, TB, HSV

frequency of doctor visits throughout pregnancy (for a normal, healthy baby)

Initial visit: 6-8 weeks after conception 10-28 months pregnant: come every 4 weeks after 28 weeks of pregnancy: come every 2 weeks after 36 weeks: come every week

During the prenatal checkup, a patient in the third trimester reports difficulty sleeping. What does the nurse suggest to the patient to promote good sleep? Select all that apply. "Take an oil bath twice a day." "Drink acidophilus milk regularly." "Drink warm milk before going to bed." "Get a back massage or effleurage regularly." "Place a pillow under the back while sleeping."

Insomnia occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy because of fetal movements, muscle cramping, urinary frequency, shortness of breath, and other discomforts. The nurse advises the patient to drink warm milk before going to bed because it helps promote sleep. Back massage or effleurage provides muscle relaxation, which in turn promotes good sleep. The nurse instructs the patient to support body parts with pillows while sleeping because it makes the patient feel comfortable and relaxed. Acidophilus milk helps prevent uterine infections, not insomnia. Oil baths help prevent pruritus, not insomnia.

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient who has undergone bariatric surgery in the past. What will the nurse primarily check in the patient's health records? Family history Blood pressure Nutritional status Blood glucose levels

Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery are at a high risk for impaired nutrition, so the nurse should regularly monitor the patient's nutritional status. The client's family history is considered to rule out the risk for congenital anomalies in the fetus, which is not necessary in this case. Blood glucose levels are monitored if the patient is at high risk for developing gestational diabetes during the first or last trimester. Blood pressure levels are usually monitored in the pregnant patient during regular visits to assess the risk for gestational hypertension.

A pregnant patient complains of sudden abdominal cramps. After assessment, the primary health care provider tells the nurse that the patient has preterm labor. What signs has the nurse observed in the patient? Select all that apply. Frequent urination Difficulty breathing Abdominal tightening Elevated blood pressure Blood spotting from vagina

Preterm labor is often difficult to recognize. Thus, the nurse should always consult a health care provider when the patient shows signs of preterm labor. Signs such as abdominal tightening and abnormal vaginal discharge indicate preterm labor. Difficulty breathing is a common sign observed especially during the third trimester of pregnancy. It results from compression of diaphragm due to the abdominal contents. This sign does not indicate preterm labor. Gestational hypertension or elevated blood pressure is not necessarily a sign of preterm labor; it can be observed at any time during pregnancy. Frequent urination is observed in the first trimester of pregnancy and is not a sign of preterm labor.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, a patient reports abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding. The nurse learns that the patient is a smoker. What patient clinical condition does the nurse infer from this assessment? Ectopic pregnancy Multifetal gestation Carpal tunnel syndrome Gestational diabetes mellitus

Rationale *Maternal smoking increases the chances of ectopic pregnancy during the first trimester. This is characterized by abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding. Excessive fundal height is a sign of multifetal gestation. Numbness, tingling, burning, loss of skilled movements, and dropping of objects are symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding do not indicate diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient who has gained 25 kg in the third trimester of pregnancy. The nurse informs the patient that this weight gain is expected. What conditions would have led the nurse to consider this weight gain normal?

Rationale A pregnant patient with multiple fetuses usually gains 25 kg during pregnancy. Otherwise, a 25-kg weight gain during pregnancy is not common even if the patient has a family history of obesity. Late pregnancy or gestational hypertension does not cause obesity in pregnant women, nor does age. In such a case, if the pregnant patient is obese the nurse should plan a diet and exercise regimen that will help her lose weight.

A pregnant patient complains of constipation. While checking the patient's history, the nurse learns that the patient is taking oral iron supplements. What instruction does the nurse give the patient to relieve constipation? "Drink mineral oil before going to bed." "Discontinue taking iron supplements." "Take a stool softener before going to bed." "Drink six to eight glasses of water every day."

Rationale Because of their reduced gastrointestinal tract motility and intestinal compression, constipation is a common complaint among pregnant women. Gastrointestinal motility is reduced by changes in progesterone levels, which increases reabsorption of water. This in turn leads to the drying of stools, or constipation. Therefore the nurse should instruct the patient to drink six to eight glasses of water every day. During pregnancy, the nurse should not instruct the patient to take mineral oil or stool softener because they may be harmful to the fetus; these are prescribed only by the primary health care provider. Constipation may result from oral iron supplementation, but the nurse should not instruct the patient to stop taking iron supplementation because iron supplements are essential to prevent anemia.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, a patient reports nasal stuffiness and nose bleeding. What does the nurse identify as the probable reason? Low iron level High estrogen level High progesterone level Low serum calcium level

Rationale Estrogen levels increase during pregnancy and result in hyperemia of mucous membranes, which is characterized by *nasal stuffiness and nose bleeding.* Anemia is caused by low iron levels. High progesterone levels slow gastrointestinal tract motility and digestion, which may cause constipation. Low serum calcium levels cause gastrocnemius spasm.

The nurse is explaining to a pregnant patient about prevention of motor vehicle accidents. What risk is most associated with motor vehicle accidents in pregnant patients? Preterm birth Thrombophlebitis Ectopic pregnancy Abruptio placentae

Rationale Every pregnant patient should be taught about safety measures to prevent motor vehicle accidents. Automobile accidents may lead to placental separation, causing fetal death. This condition is called abruptio placentae. Preterm birth is not most commonly associated with automobile accidents. Ectopic pregnancy is not associated with automobile accidents. Thrombophlebitis is commonly observed in pregnant patients because the heavy abdominal contents compress the blood vessels. Pregnant patients are usually taught certain exercises to prevent thrombophlebitis.

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient and finds that the patient has had spinal surgery. What does the nurse interpret from the assessment? Epidural anesthesia is contraindicated in the patient. Cesarean birth should be recommended for the patient. The patient may have higher chances of preterm delivery. The patient may have right lower quadrant pain during pregnancy.

Rationale From the assessment the nurse determines that the patient has a history of spinal surgery, and epidural anesthesia can lead to severe complications in such patients. A history of spinal surgery does not cause preterm delivery or cesarean birth. If the patient has had uterine surgery or extensive repair of the pelvic floor, then cesarean birth would be recommended. Unlike appendicitis, spinal surgery does not cause right lower quadrant pain during pregnancy.

On assessing a pregnant patient, the nurse finds that the patient's fundal height is 27 cm at 28 weeks of gestation. The nurse concludes from this finding that this measurement indicates what? Polyhydramnios Ectopic pregnancy Multifetal gestation Normal development

Rationale From the assessment, the nurse concludes that development of the fetus is normal at 28 weeks of gestation. According to the standard measurement, fundal height (in centimeters) is approximately equal to the number of weeks of gestation. The patient's bladder should be empty while the nurse measures the fundal height. An excessive increase in fundal height indicates polyhydramnios or multifetal gestation. Vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping during the first trimester of pregnancy indicate the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy.

What does the nurse advise the woman who wants to have a nurse-midwife provide obstetric care? She will have to give birth at home. She must be having a low risk pregnancy. She will not be able to have epidural analgesia for labor pain. She must see an obstetrician as well as the midwife during pregnancy.

Rationale Midwives usually see low-risk obstetric patients. Care is often noninterventional, with active involvement from the woman and her family. Nurse-midwives must refer patients to physicians for complications. Most nurse-midwife births are managed in hospitals or birth centers; a few may be managed in the home. Nurse-midwives may practice with physicians or independently with an arrangement for physician backup. They must refer patients to physicians for complications. Care in a midwifery model is noninterventional, and the woman and family usually are encouraged to be active participants in the care. This does not imply that medications for pain control are prohibited. q

As the pregnancy progresses, the patient experiences shortness of breath when the fundal height is being assessed. What action should the nurse take to minimize the shortness of breath or dizziness as a result of the weight of the growing uterus? Place a small towel under the patient's right hip. Place the patient on her right side while the measurement is done. Use a new paper tape measure for each visit to decrease infection. Place a pillow under the patient's knees whenever she is on her back.

Rationale Placing a small towel under the patient's right hip decreases the direct pressure on the major vessels in the abdomen, which become compressed when the patient lies on her back. Infection control is not an issue at this time. Placing a pillow under her legs may make the patient more comfortable, but won't improve perfusion. Placing the patient on her right side does not allow for proper measurement while maximizing perfusion.

Which behavioral change does the nurse observe in the spouse/partner of a pregnant patient during the focusing phase? Engages in building a relationship with the newborn Has difficulty accepting changes in life plans and lifestyles Engages in discussions with others about the philosophy of life Engages in extramarital affairs because of a lack of partner's attention

Rationale The focusing phase is the third phase of the developmental pattern. It begins in the last trimester. During this phase the spouse/partner of the pregnant patient prepares for parenthood and tries to build a relationship with the child. During the second phase of pregnancy, the patient's partner engages in discussions about the philosophy of life. This phase is also called the moratorium phase. During the first stage of pregnancy, the patient's partner may engage in extramarital affairs and could face difficulty accepting changes in life plans and lifestyles. This stage is also called the announcement phase.

A patient who is 6 months pregnant asks about proper placement of her seatbelt. Teaching by the nurse has been successful if the patient makes which statement? "I need to position the lap belt loosely directly over my bellybutton." "I need to place the lap belt portion snugly over the upper part of my uterus." "I need to place the seatbelt directly over the widest part of my abdomen." "I need to place the lap belt portion low across my hip bones as snugly as is comfortable."

Rationale The lap belt/shoulder harness combination should be used as well as the headrest. Correct placement of the lap belt portion is placed low across the hip bones and should be as snug as comfortable. Placing the seatbelt directly over the widest part of the abdomen is not warranted because this can cause the seatbelt not to function correctly. Placement of a seatbelt, independent of pregnancy, should always be secured as the manufacturer suggests. The pregnant or nonpregnant woman holds the seatbelt at the insertion point and then extends it diagonally to reach across the upper torso and abdomen, securing it to the fastener on the opposite side. Correct application involves making sure that the seatbelt was fastened securely. Positioning the lap belt loosely over the bellybutton does not indicate correct placement.

The nurse evaluates a patient's cardiac function frequently. What is the reason for assessing the cardiac function frequently? The patient has multiple fetuses. The patient has an early pregnancy. The patient has burning sensation in chest. The patient has undergone bariatric surgery.

Rationale The patient who has multifetal pregnancy is at a high risk for developing cardiac dysfunction as a result of compression of the major vessels by the abdominal contents. Therefore the nurse would regularly monitor cardiac activity in this patient. Women who get pregnant early are not at risk for developing cardiac complications. Pregnant patients with a history of bariatric surgery should be frequently assessed for the signs of impaired nutrition. A burning sensation in the heart during pregnancy indicates gastric problems. Changes in the patient's diet and relaxation techniques are recommended for these complaints.

The nurse is assessing the transvaginal ultrasound report of a pregnant patient. After assessment, the nurse instructs the patient to avoid air travel. What is the reason for giving this instruction? To prevent supine hypotension To prevent peripartum hemorrhage To prevent gestational hypertension To prevent preterm labor in the client

Rationale Transvaginal ultrasound is performed to determine the cervical length of a pregnant patient. When the cervical length is found to be short, the patient is at risk for preterm labor, and patients at risk for preterm labor are advised to avoid air travel. To prevent supine hypotension, the pregnant patient should be instructed on maintaining side-lying or semisitting postures. Avoiding air travel does not prevent supine hypotension. Peripartum hemorrhage occurs during delivery and cannot be prevented by avoiding air travel. Gestational hypertension is a pregnancy complication that is not affected by air travel.

what shot should the mother get after 28 weeks of pregnancy? Why?

Tdap booster; helps protect from getting pertussis (will pass immunity to baby so that they'll be ok in the first 6 months of life) babies cant get shots until s6 months or older

A pregnant patient works as a supervisor in a manufacturing unit. The nurse advises the patient not to stand for prolonged periods, despite the demands of her occupation. The pregnant patient should not stand for prolonged periods in order to lower the risk for what? Leg cramps Preterm labor Carpal tunnel syndrome Thrombophlebitis in the legs

The client works in a manufacturing unit and needs to stand for prolonged periods. During pregnancy, the patient should neither stand nor sit for prolonged periods because doing so may adversely affect fetal health. Therefore the nurse instructs the patient to not stand for a prolonged period so as to reduce the risk for preterm labor. Leg cramps result from reduced levels of diffusible serum calcium or an elevation in serum phosphorus levels. Thrombophlebitis can result from sitting with crossed legs for prolonged periods. Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve that results from the changes in the surrounding tissues; it is not caused by prolonged standing or sitting.

A pregnant patient with a urinary tract infection is being discharged from the hospital after recovery. What preventive measures does the nurse suggest to the patient? Select all that apply. "Drink cranberry juice." "Drink acidophilus milk." "Use scented toilet paper." "Drink 2 liters of fluids daily." "Regularly take bubble baths."

The nurse should instruct the patient to drink cranberry juice and acidophilus milk, because they have antibacterial properties and help prevent recurrence of urinary tract infections. The nurse should advise the patient to drink at least 2 liters of fluids per day to maintain adequate hydration. This also promotes optimal urination and prevents bacterial infection. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid bubble baths because they can irritate the urethra. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid using scented toilet paper because it may irritate the genitourinary tissues.

The nurse is assessing a couple as part of a prenatal interview. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has previously undergone uterine surgery for fibroids. What will the nurse tell the patient? "You may be at risk for preterm delivery." "You may need a cesarean to deliver the baby." "You may be at risk for having postpregnancy allergies." "You may give birth to a child with congenital anomalies."

The patient with the history of uterine surgery or extensive pelvic surgery may need a cesarean to avoid further damage to the uterine muscle and to avoid complications during pregnancy. There is no evidence that a patient who has undergone uterine surgery will have preterm delivery; it is more often seen in obese patients. Postpregnancy allergies may occur in immunocompromised patients. Chromosomal abnormalities or genetic abnormalities may cause congenital anomalies in the fetus. Because the client is not immunocompromised and does not have genetic abnormalities, there is no risk for allergies in the mother or congenital anomalies in the child.

What is nesting syndrome?

This urge to clean and organize is known as nesting. Nesting during pregnancy is the overwhelming desire to get your home ready for your new baby. The nesting instinct is strongest in the later weeks coming up on delivery. It is an old wives' tale that once nesting urges begin, labor is about to come on.

When does attachment start for the father?

When he feels the baby, which is typically longer than the mother

psychological reactions in first trimester (first 13 weeks)

ambivalent (mixed emotions) rapid mood changes fears loss of pregnancy career/financial concerns

when would you first start feeling the baby move

around 18-20 weeks it's not common for you to feel the baby until 20 weeks. You feel flutters at first, not kicks

When does emotional attachment start for the mother and the baby?

at the first quickening/when she starts to feel the baby

Why is BMI of the mother important

bc excessively underweight or overweight mothers are at high risk for preterm birth

Why do we ask the mother for a 24 hour diet recall at the initial visit?

because what she eats affects organ/brain development If the mother is eating crap or drinking lots of caffeine, she needs to be educated

What is chadwick's sign

bluish-discoloration of the cervix

What is uterine souffle?

bruit, a rushing or blowing sound of maternal blood flowing through uterine arteries to the placenta that is synchronous with maternal pulse

What should a women who suspects she may be pregnant do?

buy a lot of different brands of pregnancy tests to have varriations and promote more accuracy

men who experience pregnancy-like symptoms, such as nausea, weight gain, and other physical symptoms

couvade syndrome

What do you do if you hear a split s1/s2 or a murmur?

do follow up testing Usually it's just an innocent murmur do to increased blood flow but you've gotta check just in case

What do you need to teach the mother about urination?

empty bladder q4h even if you don't feel like you have to pee drink 8-10 glasses of water/day

What can help pregnant mothers with a backache

exercise, stretch your back, back massage, lay on side

pregnant women are at increased risk for what?

falling due to the shifting center of gravity, impaired balance, and joint laxity

psychological reactions in third trimester

fears and fantasies prep for birth nesting syndrome introverted by she has fear for her personal well being strained relationship

What are the three ways to accurately diagnose a woman as pregnant

fetal heartbeat fetal movement visualization of fetus by ultrasound

what can help with heartburn

ginger

What is an alternative to burning incense in the hospital?

glade plug in

number if pregnancies

gravida

What is the biological hormone marker that detects pregnancy?

hCg

Prevention of UTI

hand hygiene wipe front to back cotton panties (no thongs) 8 glasses of water recommend frequent urination q2h

What are the two major disorders south of the mason dixon line

hypertension and diabetes

When would an echo be done on a pregnant mother?

if she had HTN

When is the best time to take a pregnancy test?

immediately after you wake up in the morning because morning urine has the highest concentration of hCg

what does a lower pH in vagina cause?

increases in infections If you smell a foul odor, make sure they're wiping front to back

psychological reactions in second trimester

introspective (withdrawn/brooding) body image anger at lack of partner interest (domestic violence increases( shopping! feels baby move starts getting selfish more emotionally attached to baby

What should mothers eat foods high in? Why?

iron; helps with brain development of fetus

What are Braxton Hicks contractions?

irregular and painles contractions that occur intermittently throughout pregnancy. Although Braxton Hicks contractions are not painful, some women complain that they are annoying. After the 28th week, these contractions become more definite, but they usually cease with walking or exercise. Braxton Hicks contractions can be mistaken for true labor; however they do not increase in intensity or duration or cause cervical dilation. Conversely, premature labor contractions can be mistaken for Braxton Hicks contractions, which can lead to a delay in seeking treatment

What should you educate the mother in relation to the temperature of her bath?

keep water temp lukewarm hot water leads to neural tube defects and spina bifida

What are some things to teach the mother for hypercoagulation?

lay on side, walk around, wear compression stockings, drink enough water, prop legs up to help increase venous return to help decrease clotting *don't put everyone on lovenox because it's not great for pregnancy

things you need to worry about with older mothers (35 and up)

more chronic illness more likely to have hypertension or diabetes increased risk for down syndrome

Two most important people for the mother to have a positive relationship with besides the baby

mother and father of baby

someone who's been pregnant multiple times

multigravida

someone who has given multiple births

multipara

t/f a positive pregnancy test is a definitive test

nah fam. it's just a screening test

define oligohydramnios

not enough amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac

someone who's never been pregnanyt

nulligravida

some who has never given birth

nullipara

neural tube deficits are more common in infants of women with what?

poor folic acid intake good sources of folic acid: liver, legumes, green veggies, bread, cereal, eggs

Lots of caffeine can cause

pre term labor spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) low birth weight

What are presumptive indicators of pregnancy

presumptive means subjective. The things the patient tells you has happened to her. So changes: amenorrhea N/V breast changes urinary frequency fatigue quickening

someone who's been pregnant one time

primigravida

someone who has given birth once

primipara

What are probable indicators of pregnancy

probable means objective. The things you see when you examine her. abdominal enlargement chadwick's sign hegar's sign goodell's sign braxton hicks contractions uterine souffle positive pregnancy test

frequency of visits for a multifetal pregnancy

q2 weeks

screening for first pregnancy visit

rubella titer HIV syphilis Hep B PAP CBC Chlamydia Urinalysis Blood type/Rh factor

What is goodell's sign

softening of the cervix "Good and soft"

What is hegar's sign

softening of the lower uterine segment (isthmus of the cervix)

The nurse advises an alcoholic patient to stop consuming alcohol during pregnancy. The reason for this could be to prevent what?

teratogenic effects on the fetus Alcohol has teratogenic effects such as fetal alcohol syndrome. It causes devastating effects and impairs fetal development. Therefore, to prevent these teratogenic effects the nurse should advise the pregnant patient to avoid consuming alcohol.

define amenorrhea

the absence of monthly menstrual periods

What is pica?

the practice of consuming non-food substances *may be influenced by the woman's cultural background odd cravings for dirt, laundry detergent, corn starch

What is a lotus birth?

the practice of leaving the umbilical cord uncut after childbirth so that the baby is left attached to the placenta until the cord naturally separates at the umbilicus. This usually occurs within 3-10 days after birth

define hydramios/polyhydramnios

too much amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac

T/F Domestic violence increases in pregnancy

true; that's why every time an expecting mother visits, we screen them for domestic violence

Teaching for morning sickness

use ginger for nausea decrease intake of fatty fried foods put carb in your stomach before you get up (crackers that can help absorb) Wet or dry diet: eat and drink at different times