Nut Chap 8

7. Usually, the amount of urine excreted by the body every 24 hours is approximately equal to the amount of fluid: 1. Consumed as oral fluids 2. Contained in foods 3. Resulting from the metabolism of foods 4. Included in all of these sources

1. Consumed as oral fluids

6. Which of the following persons would have the greatest percentage of body weight as water? 1. 2-lb premature infant 2. Normal newborn of 7 lb 6 oz 3. 140-lb woman of 5 ft 4 in 4. 175-lb man of 5 ft 10 in

1. 2-lb premature infant 1. For premature infants, up to 80% of their body is water. 2. For a normal newborn, 75% of the body is water. 3. A woman's body is approximately 50% to 54% water. 4. A man's body is approximately 60% to 65% water.

21. Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client's fluid volume is low? 1. Hand veins taking longer than 5 seconds to refill 2. Periorbital edema 3. Single longitudinal furrow on the tongue 4. Widening pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)

1. Hand veins taking longer than 5 seconds to refill

12. Edema is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the ______ space(s). 1. Interstitial 2. Intravascular 3. Intracellular 4. Transcellular

1. Interstitial

5. The task of returning water to the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract is performed by the: 1. Large intestine 2. Liver 3. Small intestine 4. Stomach

1. Large intestine

25. A client is permitted ice chips to alleviate thirst. He consumes the entire 8-ounce (240-mL) cup. The nurse would record the intake as which of the following? 1. 240 mL 2. 120 mL 3. 60 mL 4. 30 mL

2. 120 mL

24. A person has gained 7 lbs in a week. If this were all due to retained fluid, the 7 lbs would equal approximately how many liters of excess fluid? 1. 1.5 2. 3.2 3. 5 4. 7

2. 3.2

10. The amount of urine usually required to excrete metabolic wastes is ______ mL/day. 1. 200 to 300 2. 400 to 600 3. 800 to 1000 d 1200 to 1500

2. 400 to 600

16. A pH of less than which of the following would indicate acidosis? 1. 7 2. 7.35 3. 7.45 4. 7.59

2. 7.35

9. The hormone from the posterior pituitary that leads to water retention is: 1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 2. Antidiuretic hormone 3. Growth hormone 4. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

2. Antidiuretic hormone

1. Children reach the adult proportion of body water to body weight at about: 1. 1 year of age 2. 2 years of age 3. 3 years of age 4. 4 years of age

3. 3 years of age

4. The hormone that causes the kidney to conserve sodium and thus retain water is: 1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone 2. Adrenaline 3. Aldosterone 4. Antidiuretic hormone

3. Aldosterone

17. In the blood, carbon dioxide is transported as: 1. Calcium carbonate 2. Carbon monoxide 3. Carbonic acid 4. Sodium bicarbonate

3. Carbonic acid

11. Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with insufficient fluid volume? 1. Increased urine output, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin 2. Decreased urine output, decreased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 3. Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 4. Increased urine output, decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin

3. Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin

14. Which of the following energy nutrients supplies the greatest amount of water produced by their metabolism? 1. Alcohol 2. Carbohydrate 3. Fat 4. Protein

3. Fat

13. Which of the following refers to an atom that carries an electrical charge? 1. Buffer 2. Electrolyte 3. Ion 4. Milliequivalent

3. Ion

15. Milliequivalent is a term used to describe the: 1. Weight of a substance in a solution 2. Volume occupied by a substance in a solution 3. Number of particles of a substance in a solution 4. Combined atomic numbers of all the substances in a solution

3. Number of particles of a substance in a solution

8. The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called ______ excretion. 1. Discretionary 2. Mandatory 3. Obligatory 4. Optional

3. Obligatory

19. With which client would assessing skin turgor be unreliable for evaluating fluid balance? 1. 4-lb infant 2. 3-year-old child 3. 30-year-old pregnant woman 4. 80-year-old man

4. 80-year-old man

23. A nurse documents that a client has ascites, which indicates accumulation of fluid in which area? 1. Small intestine 2. Liver 3. Chest cavity 4. Abdominal cavity

4. Abdominal cavity

20. The condition in which a person's mechanism to regulate body temperature has failed is: 1. Dehydration 2. Fever 3. Heat exhaustion 4. Heatstroke

4. Heatstroke

3. An isotonic solution has: 1. The same pH as blood 2. More ions per unit volume than blood 3. More water per unit volume than blood 4. Osmotic pressure equal to that of blood

4. Osmotic pressure equal to that of blood

18. Insensible water loss of 800 to 1000 mL/day occurs through the: 1. Intestine and lungs 2. Kidney and skin 3. Kidney and intestine 4. Skin and lungs

4. Skin and lungs

2. The mineral that has the most influence on extracellular fluid osmolality is:

4. Sodium

22. After reviewing the functions of water, the need for additional study is indicated when which of the following is stated as a function of water? 1. Carrier of waste products 2. Lubricant 3. Medium for chemical reactions 4. Source of energy

4. Source of energy