Nutrition

What is the caloric requirement per kg for newborns per day?

110-120 cals/kg

What is the fluid requirement for newborns per day?

150-200 mL/kg

The nurse is assessing clients for basal metabolic rate (BMR). Which client would the nurse suspect would have an increased BMR?

A client who has a fever would have an increased BMR. The energy needs of the body are increased due to the client's fever.

The nurse researches factors that may alter nutrition. Which statements accurately describe factors that influence nutritional status? Select all that apply.

A. During pregnancy and lactation, nutrient requirements increase B. Nutritional needs per unit of body weight are greater in infancy than at any other time in life. C. Men & women differ in their nutrient requirements.

How do you tell if a week old infant is getting enough breastmilk?

Baby voids 6-8 times a day or baby has BM 4x/day

A 28-year-old woman client is in an outpatient clinic with frequent reports of fatigue. Her physician has prescribed her ferrous sulfate 325 mg to treat iron-deficiency anemia. A nurse is teaching the client about medication administration. What food would be best consumed with her ferrous sulfate?

Concurrent administration of vitamin C and iron helps with iron absorption. Orange juice is a common and inexpensive dietary source of vitamin C.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is admitted with failure to thrive to a medical surgical unit. Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find with this diagnosis?

Failure to thrive includes weight loss and malnutrition. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is low at 15 mg/dL. This decrease can indicate malnutrition. Normal BUN is 17-18 mg/dL.

What is serum albumin level a good indicator for?

Good indicator of nutritional status; decreased levels suggest malnutrition

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube?

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water.

A nurse provides discharge education for a client diagnosed with ketosis. Which nutrient would be added to this client's diet?

Ketosis is the catabolism of fatty acids that occurs when an individual's carbohydrate intake is not adequate; without adequate glucose, the catabolism is incomplete and ketones are formed, resulting in increased ketones.

A client who is taking supplements complains of severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely?

Niacin

At what percent of weight over ideal weight is a person considered obese?

Obesity is defined as body weight 20% or more above ideal weight.

A nurse is caring for a client who reports frequent nausea. Which food should the nurse recommend to the client when the nausea is relieved?

Once nausea is relieved, assisting the client in resuming fluid intake and nourishment becomes a priority. The nurse starts this process gradually, offering sips of clear fluids, such as fruit juices first.

A nurse who is planning a diet for a client who has anorexia chooses nutrients that supply energy to the body. Which nutrients are these? Select all that apply.

Protein Fats Carbohydrates

Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN?

Serum albumin (assessment of serum albumin is the best indicator of a client in need of total parenteral nutrition TPN) Clients whose levels are 2.5 g/dL or less are at severe risk for malnutrition.

A 66-year-old woman has atrial fibrillation for which she is on warfarin therapy. She asks the nurse if she has any dietary restrictions. The nurse would need to monitor the client's intake of:

Spinach is high in vitamin K

A nurse is caring for a client who has a vitamin B12 deficiency. Which food would the nurse recommend to help with this deficiency?

The best foods from which to obtain B12 include organ meats and seafood. Pork provides thiamin. Cantaloupe provides vitamin B6; broccoli provides vitamin C.

A nurse has completed tube feeding a client on a long-term care unit. How long should the nurse keep the head of the bed elevated after completion of the tube feeding?

The head of the bed should stay elevated at least 1 hour following tube feeding to prevent back flow and possible aspiration of the formula into the lungs.

The charge nurse is observing a new nurse care for a client who is receiving a continuous feeding through a nasogastric feeding tube. Which actions by the new nurse would require intervention by the charge nurse?

The new nurse places the client in the left lateral recumbent position. (The client should be assisted to a high-Fowler's position 45 degrees)

A client has a history of long-term alcohol abuse. Which of the following nutrients would need to be required in increased amounts?

The use of alcohol depletes the production of B vitamins in the liver; thus, they would need to be replaced

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a patient who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition?

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

A nurse teaches a student nurse about the role fats play in the human body. Which of the following is the major storage form of fat?

Triglycerides are the predominant form of fat in food and the major storage form of fat in the body; they are composed of one glyceride molecule and three fatty acids

Which vitamin is found only in animal foods?

Vitamin B12

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?

With glucose monitoring, blood from the fingertips shows changes in blood glucose more quickly than other testing sites.

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize?

adulthood

A client has developed dysphagia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for:

aspiration

An older adult client has a decubitis ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of:

negative nitrogen balance (exists when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake)

The nurse is assessing adequate nutrition for residents of a long-term care facility. Which strategies are recommended to address age-related changes affecting nutrition? Select all that apply.

• Avoid cold liquids with decreased peristalsis in the esophagus. • Avoid eating right before bedtime for gastroesophageal reflux. • Eat a high-fiber diet for slowed intestinal peristalsis.

A 6-year-old is being cared for on an inpatient unit for treatment of intestinal malabsorption syndrome. Which might be signs of calcium deficiency? Select all that apply.

• Bowed legs • Enlarged skull • Hypertension

A nurse is teaching a client about nutrition. Which facts should the nurse include about fat-soluble vitamins? Select all that apply.

• Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. • Fat-soluble vitamins must be attached to a protein for transport in the blood. • Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins can occur with malabsorption syndromes.

A nurse is removing an NG tube and notes epistaxis. What nursing interventions would the nurse perform in this situation? (Select all that apply.)

• Occlude both nares until bleeding has subsided. • Ensure that patient is in upright position. • Document epistaxis in patient's medical record.

As a nurse is aspirating the contents during a tube feeding, the nurse finds that the tube is clogged. What would be appropriate nursing interventions in this situation? Select all that apply.

• Use warm water and gentle pressure to remove clog. • If necessary, replace the tube. • Ensure that adequate flushing is completed after each feeding.