Nutrition 340 Exam 1

Yes

Are supplements regulated by the FDA

No, just macronutrients

Do all micronutrients and macronutrients provide energy?

donut, ice cream, burger

Examples of energy dense foods

broccoli, fat free milk, oranges

Examples of nutrient dense foods

importance of studying nutrition

Food is a basic human need for survival. Nutrients are necessary for the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body's cells. Nutrition is the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them. Humans have no instinctive ability to select the appropriate mix of nutrients their bodies require for proper functioning. To eat well, people need to learn about the nutritional value of foods and the effects that their diet, their usual pattern of food choices, can have on health.

peristalsis- waves of muscular contraction

How is food moved through the esophagus

7 kcal/g

How many kcal/kg for alcohol

4 kcal/kg

How many kcal/kg for carbohydrates

9 kcal/kg

How many kcal/kg for fat/lipids

4 kcal/kg

How many kcal/kg for protein

Yes

In this class, can energy and calories be used interchangeably when referring to food?

red meats, candies, cheese, sugary drinks, refined grains

Most Americans purchase too many/much of ______

fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, low fat dairy

Most do not purchase recommended amounts of _____

true

Most foods are a combination of nutrients, true or false

H. pylori

Stomach ulcers are often associated with which type of bacteria

small intestine, duodenum

The majority of absorption takes place in the ______, through _______

passage of acid from stomach to esophagus

What are major causes of GERD

lose weight, avoid smoking, don't overeat

What are some prevention tips for GERD

fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, dairy

What are the ChooseMyPlate food groups

liver, gall bladder, pancreas

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

What are the major organs of the digestive system

moisten and lubricate food to swallow

What is a key role of saliva in your mouth

45-65%

What is the AMDR for carbohydrates

20-35%

What is the AMDR for fat

10-35%

What is the AMDR for protein

breakdown of food into nutrients

What is the primary function of the digestive system

little additional absorption, secretes waste

What is the primary role of the large intestine

2300 mg

What is the recommended daily limit of sodium for a typical American

absorption of nutrients and elimination of solid waste products

What is the secondary function of the digestive system

gastric juice, mucus, intrinsic factor, HCl, digestive enzymes, gastrin

What kind of compounds are secreted in the human stomach

peer reviewed journal

When reading an article for scientific purposes, you could trust one that is in a ______

shaped like pyramids

When we learned about alternative diets, what was a common theme among them all

mouth

Where does digestion begin

fortification

addition of nutrients to any food, such as adding calcium to orange juice, vitamins A and D to milk, and numerous vitamins and minerals to ready to eat breakfast cereals

enrichment

addition of specific amounts of iron and the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to specific refined grain products such as wheat flour and white rice

macronutrients

body requires these in relatively large amounts daily, like carbs, proteins, and fats

prebiotic

food components that are not broken down by human digestive enzymes but are used as fuels by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine, like dietary fiber

nutrient density

food supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease - frequent chronic heartburn - nausea, gagging, coughing, hoarseness

probiotic

live microorganisms that promote good health for their human hosts, primarily bacteria

conditionally essential nutrient

may be made by the body but in amounts that are inadequate and must be supplemented by the diet

Essential nutrient

must be supplied by food, because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs

energy density

or calorie density, the amount of energy a food (kcal) provides per given weight (grams) of food

enzymes

protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered in the process

role of pancreas in digestion

secretes enzymes that break down carbs, protein, fats - neutralizes highly acidic chyme

chyme

semiliquid mass that forms when food mixes with gastric juice

non essential nutrient

the body can make nutrients from the other nutrients ingested

micronutrients

the body needs these in very small amounts to function properly, like vitamins and minerals

nutrient requirement

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health

microvilli

tiny hairlike projections that form the brush border of an enterocyte, participate in digestion of protein and carbs

villi

tiny, fingerlike projections that is within the highly folded mucosa of the small intestine - increases surface area - involved in digestion and nutrient absorption

peristalsis

waves of muscular contractions that help move material through most of the digestive tract