Nutrition 340 Exam 1
Yes
Are supplements regulated by the FDA
No, just macronutrients
Do all micronutrients and macronutrients provide energy?
donut, ice cream, burger
Examples of energy dense foods
broccoli, fat free milk, oranges
Examples of nutrient dense foods
importance of studying nutrition
Food is a basic human need for survival. Nutrients are necessary for the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body's cells. Nutrition is the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them. Humans have no instinctive ability to select the appropriate mix of nutrients their bodies require for proper functioning. To eat well, people need to learn about the nutritional value of foods and the effects that their diet, their usual pattern of food choices, can have on health.
peristalsis- waves of muscular contraction
How is food moved through the esophagus
7 kcal/g
How many kcal/kg for alcohol
4 kcal/kg
How many kcal/kg for carbohydrates
9 kcal/kg
How many kcal/kg for fat/lipids
4 kcal/kg
How many kcal/kg for protein
Yes
In this class, can energy and calories be used interchangeably when referring to food?
red meats, candies, cheese, sugary drinks, refined grains
Most Americans purchase too many/much of ______
fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, low fat dairy
Most do not purchase recommended amounts of _____
true
Most foods are a combination of nutrients, true or false
H. pylori
Stomach ulcers are often associated with which type of bacteria
small intestine, duodenum
The majority of absorption takes place in the ______, through _______
passage of acid from stomach to esophagus
What are major causes of GERD
lose weight, avoid smoking, don't overeat
What are some prevention tips for GERD
fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, dairy
What are the ChooseMyPlate food groups
liver, gall bladder, pancreas
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What are the major organs of the digestive system
moisten and lubricate food to swallow
What is a key role of saliva in your mouth
45-65%
What is the AMDR for carbohydrates
20-35%
What is the AMDR for fat
10-35%
What is the AMDR for protein
breakdown of food into nutrients
What is the primary function of the digestive system
little additional absorption, secretes waste
What is the primary role of the large intestine
2300 mg
What is the recommended daily limit of sodium for a typical American
absorption of nutrients and elimination of solid waste products
What is the secondary function of the digestive system
gastric juice, mucus, intrinsic factor, HCl, digestive enzymes, gastrin
What kind of compounds are secreted in the human stomach
peer reviewed journal
When reading an article for scientific purposes, you could trust one that is in a ______
shaped like pyramids
When we learned about alternative diets, what was a common theme among them all
mouth
Where does digestion begin
fortification
addition of nutrients to any food, such as adding calcium to orange juice, vitamins A and D to milk, and numerous vitamins and minerals to ready to eat breakfast cereals
enrichment
addition of specific amounts of iron and the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to specific refined grain products such as wheat flour and white rice
macronutrients
body requires these in relatively large amounts daily, like carbs, proteins, and fats
prebiotic
food components that are not broken down by human digestive enzymes but are used as fuels by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine, like dietary fiber
nutrient density
food supplies more vitamins and minerals in relation to total calories
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease - frequent chronic heartburn - nausea, gagging, coughing, hoarseness
probiotic
live microorganisms that promote good health for their human hosts, primarily bacteria
conditionally essential nutrient
may be made by the body but in amounts that are inadequate and must be supplemented by the diet
Essential nutrient
must be supplied by food, because the body does not synthesize the nutrient or make enough to meet its needs
energy density
or calorie density, the amount of energy a food (kcal) provides per given weight (grams) of food
enzymes
protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being altered in the process
role of pancreas in digestion
secretes enzymes that break down carbs, protein, fats - neutralizes highly acidic chyme
chyme
semiliquid mass that forms when food mixes with gastric juice
non essential nutrient
the body can make nutrients from the other nutrients ingested
micronutrients
the body needs these in very small amounts to function properly, like vitamins and minerals
nutrient requirement
the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health
microvilli
tiny hairlike projections that form the brush border of an enterocyte, participate in digestion of protein and carbs
villi
tiny, fingerlike projections that is within the highly folded mucosa of the small intestine - increases surface area - involved in digestion and nutrient absorption
peristalsis
waves of muscular contractions that help move material through most of the digestive tract