nutrition 5

Which of the following most accurately describes the chemical structure of a fatty acid? Answers: A three carbon molecule bound to nitrogen. A carbon chain bound to a phosphate group. A multiple ring structure with a sugar group attached. A chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds.

A chain of carbon atoms linked together by chemical bonds.

Which of the following foods is most likely to contain significant amounts of trans fats? Answers: Fish Commercially made crackers and cookies Salad dressings Avocado

Commercially made crackers and cookies

__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body. Answers: Nonessential Saturated Short chain Essential

Essential

An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by: Answers: high blood glucose. infectious microorganisms. free radicals formed during cigarette smoking. all of these choices are correct.

all of these choices are correct.

In general, populations that have a high intake of total fat have a higher incidence of __________ than populations that have a lower intake. Answers: certain types of cancer heart disease obesity all of these choices are correct

all of these choices are correct

All of the following foods EXCEPT _____________help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Answers: oats flaxseed nuts margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

margarine containing partially

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as: Answers: the number of sulfur-containing groups. their solubility in water. the types and locations of bonds between the carbons. the number of acid groups in the fatty acid chain.

the types and locations of bonds between the carbons.

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of: Answers: polyunsaturated fatty acids. saturated fatty acids. hydrogenated fats. phospholipids.

polyunsaturated fatty acids.

if you were to analyze the composition of adipose tissue, you would likely find an abundance of: Answers: micelles. triglycerides. eicosanoids. cholesterol.

triglycerides.

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with __________ attached. Answers: three fatty acids three amino acids two fatty acids and a phosphate group two fatty acids and lecithin

two fatty acids and a phosphate group

An omega-6 fatty acid is an example of a(n): Answers: saturated fatty acid. trans fatty acid formed by hydrogenation. unsaturated fatty acid. a fatty acid found in tropical oils.

unsaturated fatty acid.

Which of the following is used as an emulsifier in foods? Answers: Lecithin Trans fatty acids Arachidonic Acid Safflower oil

Lecithin

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol? Answers: Liver. Pancreas. Gallbladder. All of these organs manufacture cholesterol.

Liver.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? Answers: Chylomicrons Low-density lipoproteins High-density lipoproteins Very-low density lipoproteins

Low-density lipoproteins

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with: Answers: improved immune function. a reduced risk of heart disease. increased risk of colon cancer. increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.

a reduced risk of heart disease.

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid. Answers: saturated unsaturated hydrophobic hydrophilic

saturated

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be: Answers: solid at room temperature. soluble in water. liquid at room temperature. less stable than fatty acids with double bonds.

solid at room temperature.

Cholesterol is an example of a(n): Answers: trans fatty acid. phospholipid. essential nutrient. sterol.

sterol.

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because: Answers: women have lower levels of HDLs compared to men. women tend to consume more trans fatty acids than men. the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause. women have a greater density of blood vessels than men which helps blood to circulate more efficiently.

the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause.

Chylocmicrons are formed in the: Answers: intestine. liver. lymph. blood.

intestine.

Which statement is true about hamburger that is labeled 80% lean? Answers: 80% of the kcalories are from protein and 20% are from fat. This is the leanest ground beef that can be purchased. 20% of the weight of the meat is fat. 80% of the kcalories are from fat

20% of the weight of the meat is fat.

Which of the following dietary practices does NOT help to protect a person from developing heart disease? Answers: Consuming recommended amounts of dietary fiber. Adequate consumption of antioxidant nutrients. Substituting monounsaturated fats for saturated fats. A diet which substitutes beef for fish.

A diet which substitutes beef for fish.

The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats are beneficial in regards to: Answers: Heart disease. Rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple sclerosis. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following health problems can increase a person's risk of developing heart disease? Answers: Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure Obesity All of these increase the risk

All of these increase the risk

Chylomicrons: Answers: Transport lipids, from the food we eat into the body. Are absorbed into the lymphatic system. Are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell. All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true.

Eicosanoids are: Answers: Hormone-like compounds. Synthesized from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Needed to regulate important body processes. All of these statements are true.

All of these statements are true.

What initially causes an atherosclerotic plaque to begin developing? Answers: An essential fatty acid deficiency. Low blood pressure. An injury to the artery wall. All of these choices are correct.

An injury to the artery wall.

__________ can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones. Answers: Bile Pancreatic lipase Eicosanoids Cholesterol

Bile

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called: Answers: cholesterol. phospholipids. lecithin. glycerol.

Glycerol

Reverse cholesterol transport is accomplished by: Answers: Chylomicrons. LDLs. VLDLs. HDLs.

HDLs.

Which of the following is FALSE about eating a healthy diet? Answers: It is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 25-50%. A healthy diet is low in saturated fat from meat and dairy. A healthy diet is low in processed fats like shortenings. Healthy diets include fats from fish, nuts and olive oil.

It is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 25-50%

Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins? Answers: Lipoprotein lipase Homocysteine LDL receptors Insulin

LDL receptors

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis? Answers: Oxidation of LDL particles Inflammation of the lining of the colon High HDL levels Production of chylomicrons by cells lining the blood vessels

Oxidation of LDL particles

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion? Answers: Stomach Pancreas Mouth Liver

Pancreas

Which of the following is used to make the lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body? Answers: Saturated fatty acids. Phospholipids. Trans fatty acids. Eicosanoids.

Phospholipids.

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should: Answers: Contain at least 20% of total kcals from saturated fats. Provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat. Limit the intake of foods high in monounsaturated fatty acids. All of these are healthy recommendations regarding fat intake.

Provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat.

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from: Answers: essential fatty acids. cholesterol. trans fatty acids. phospholipids.

cholesterol.

Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has: Answers: significantly declined, resulting in less obesity. declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed. declined as people tend to cook at home more frequently. risen significantly.

declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed.

The primary function of lipoprotein lipase is to: Answers: convert nonessential fatty acids into essential fatty acids. transport lipids through the blood. convert cis fatty acids into trans fatty acids. help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood.

help clear triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins in the blood.

A strong correlation exists between the development of colon cancer and diets: Answers: high in fish. high in grains and cereals. with moderate amounts of alcohol. high in animal fats.

high in animal fats.

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess: Answers: is lost as heat. is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue. is converted into cholesterol and stored in the liver. is metabolized by the muscles and stored as ATP.

is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

The precursor(s) for eicosanoids with health promoting properties is/are: . Answers: arachidonic acid. omega-6 fatty acids. omega-3 fatty acids. oleic acid.

omega-3 fatty acids

A dietary approach that protects against heart disease is the consumption of foods high in: Answers: omega-3 fatty acids. long chain fatty acids. omega-6 fatty acids. all of these provide protection against heart disease.

omega-3 fatty acids.

Fish oils are a good dietary source of: Answers: emulsifiers. tropical oils. omega-3 fatty acids. trans fatty acids.

omega-3 fatty acids.

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain: Answers: animal products. tropical oils. partially hydrogenated oils. omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

partially hydrogenated oils.