Nutrition chapter 10

Extracellular fluid does NOT include A. blood. B. lymph. C. interstitial fluid. D. fluid within cells.

fluid within cells

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance. A. 1-2% B. 20% C. 5-7% D. 10%

1-2%

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day. A. 1000 B. One has not been established C. 2300 D. 1850

2300

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water? A. 40% B. 80% C. 20% D. 60%

60%

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration A.All are potentially at risk for dehydration B. An athlete, exercising in cool weather C. A child recovering from diarrhea D. An elderly woman, just returning from a 4 hour flight

All are potentially at risk for dehydration

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? A.High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat. B. Water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature. C. Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. D. When body temperature rises, sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body.

High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat.

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called: A. solvents. B. non-polar. C. electrolytes. D. inert.

electrolytes

Sodium, chloride, and potassium in cells and body fluids are examples of: A. phytates. B. electrolytes. C. solvents. D. condensates.

electrolytes

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from A. fruits and vegetables. B. lean protein. C. whole grains. D. low-fat dairy.

fruits and vegetables

The DASH diet is: A. high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium. B. high in sodium and potassium while low in calcium and magnesium. C. high in calcium and magnesium while low in sodium and potassium. D. high is sodium while low in calcium, magnesium and potassium.

high in potassium, calcium and magnesium while low in sodium.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in an increased need for water? A. Consuming many high protein foods B. High potassium intake C. A low-calorie diet D. Lactation

high potassium intake

Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people. A. diabetes B. cancer C. hypertension D. all of these

hypertension

Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following EXCEPT A. result in nausea, muscle cramps and confusion. B. cause water toxicity. C. increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure. D. dilute the sodium in the blood.

increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure.

In most people, hypertension results from A. atherosclerosis. B. no obvious external cause. C. diabetes. D. kidney disease.

no obvious external cause

The shrinking of a strawberry from water loss after being sprinkled with sugar is an example of: A. osmosis. B. alkalosis. C. diffusion. D. condensation.

osmosis

The DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) diet is best characterized by: A. plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods. B. abundant whole & refined grains and high-protein foods, but low in dairy. C. high intake of fruits and vegetables, but no dairy foods. D. plenty of high-protein and dairy foods.

plenty of fruits, vegetables & whole grains, with lean protein and low-fat dairy foods.

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: A. blood volume rises. B. renin is released. C. blood pressure rises. D. water moves into the blood.

renin is released.

Healthy blood pressure is defined as ___________________ mm of mercury. A. ≤ 160/100 B. ≤ 120/80 C. ≤ 140/90 D. between 120/80 and 140/90

≤ 120/80

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals? A. Sodium & fluoride B. Phosphorous & calcium C. Chloride & potassium D. Sodium & potassium

Sodium & potassium

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body? A. Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. B. Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular. C. Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. D. Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular.

Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is: A. added to food during processing and manufacturing. B. added at the table. C. added during home preparation. D. found naturally in food.

added to food during processing and manufacturing

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true? A. It can cause sudden heart failure. B. It can occur in anorexia nervosa. C. It can disturb acid base balance. D. All of these statements are true.

all these statements are true

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: A. the heart working harder. B. an increased diabetes risk. C. weakening of and damage to artery walls. D. an increased risk of stroke.

an increased diabetes risk

Good sources of potassium include all of the following EXCEPT: A. snack crackers. B. tomatoes. C. potatoes. D. bananas.

snack crackers

In the United States, the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________. A. sodium and chloride; potassium B. sodium; phosphorous C. iron; potassium D. sodium; potassium and chloride

sodium and chloride; potassium