nutrition chapter 2
Which of the following statements is true?
A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.
A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After 10 weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him?
He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.
Which of the following statements is true?
The FDA can recall a dietary supplement when there is evidence that it is harmful.
Which of the following statements is false?
The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.
Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________.
anecdote
A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer, and 250 men who are cancer-free, but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?
case control study
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?
Cohort
A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of breast cancer. Which of the following activities is NOT likely to be a component of their research efforts?
Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website
Dylan takes garlic pills to lower his blood cholesterol level, and he recommends the pills to his friends, because he thinks the supplement is helpful. Dylan's nutrition-related advice to his friends is an example of a(an) ________.
anecdote
An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.
disclaimer
Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study.
epidemiological
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ________ study.
epidemiological
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
placebos.
Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.
prospective
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________.
testimonial
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
retrospective