Nutrition Chapter 4

A high fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

1. It's bulk contributes to satiety 2. It provides fewer calories

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend that .. of our grains come from whole grains

1/2

A serving from MyPlate has ... servings of carbohydrates

18

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25 grams

When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ..., they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental carries

Carbohydrates

What is a major food source of lactose?

Milk

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US?

acesulfame-K, neotame, and aspartame

Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of

acids and gases

Monosaccharides generally follow an .. absorption process

active

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ... acides and methanol

amino

Name the highly branched type of starch that comprises about 80% of digestible starch in the diet

amlopectin

When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following

blockages in the intestine

Which type of fiber is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules

cellulose

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin

Which of the following is another term for glucose?

dextrose

Amylase is an

enzyme

A diet excessive in .. may decrease the absorption of essential minerals such as iron and zinc.

fiber

Most dietary .. are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest

fibers

What is the term used for fiber that does not appear naturally in foods but is added to foods?

functional fiber

In the liver, galactose is either transformed in ... (a monosaccharide) or further metabolized into ... (a polysaccharide)

glucose and glycogen

What is the technical term for high blood sugar?

hyperglycemia

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

insoluble fiber

decreases blood glucose

insulin

Acesulfame-K is a useful alternative sweetener because

it is heat-stable and can be used in baking and does not cause dental carries

Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ... (a disaccharide)

lactose

chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in sever abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose

lactose intolerance

..., or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together

maltose

What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together?

maltose

is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages

maltose

What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called?

nonfermentable fiber

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many glucose units together?

polysaccharides

About 75% of the world's population has .. lactose maldigestion, which results from a normal and gradual decline in lactase production with age

primary

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

starch

Which of the following are common food sources of amylose

vegetables, beans, and breads

Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber?

whole and cut up

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

This alternative sweetener is heat stable, can be used as a tabletop sweetener or in cooking applications. It is 7000 t0 13000 times sweeter than table sugar.

Neotame

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?

Saccharin

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, .. is digested more rapidly than ...

amylopectin; amylose

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch

amylose

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

aspartame

Which alternative sweetener is about 200 times sweeter than sucrose and does not cause tooth decay?

aspartame

ketosis is the condition of having high concentration of ketone bodies in the

bloodstream

Dairy products provide key nutrients responsible for many health benefits, especially improved ... health

bone

What is the risk of not eating lactose-containing foods?

calcium deficiency

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ..

fructose

Nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains

fructose and glucose

increases blood glucose

glucagon

... is also known as dextrose or blood sugar

glucose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood that is used for immediate energy is called... . This can be stored in the liver or muscle for later use in the form of ..

glucose and glycogen

Swelling of a large vein in the anal region

hemorrhoid

Which of the following may occur as a result of excessive straining during defecation?

hemorrhoids and diverticula

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar?

monosaccharide

Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin?

mouth

Glycogen is stored in the liver and...

muscles

Fiber is considered a

polysaccharide

In which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates begin?

small intestine

Lactase is produced by the cells of the

small intestine

Where is the lactase enzyme produced?

small intestine

Which type of fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine?

soluble fiber

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

maple sugar and sugar beets

Monosaccharides are absorbed into intestinal cells and then enter the

portal vein for transport to the liver

Chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

primary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

secondary lactose maldigestion

What kind of fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine?

soluble

What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?

Acceptable Daily Intake

Which populations are likely to have decreased lactose digestion?

Asian americans, latino and African americans

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

Fructose

Sugar alcohols are used in

1. candy 2. breath mints 3. gum

A high fiber diet is helpful to weight management because

1. its bulk contributes to satiety 2. it provides few calories

What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults?

130 grams per day

What percentage of North Americans show signs of lactose maldigestion?

25%

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide...% to...% of total calories in diet

45 to 65

Which of the following blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia?

47

If no carbohydrates are consumed, the liver's supply of ... will be depleted with 18 hours

glycogen