Nutrition Chapter 4
A high fiber diet is helpful for weight management because
1. It's bulk contributes to satiety 2. It provides fewer calories
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend that .. of our grains come from whole grains
1/2
A serving from MyPlate has ... servings of carbohydrates
18
What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?
25 grams
When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ..., they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental carries
Carbohydrates
What is a major food source of lactose?
Milk
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
To provide energy for the body
Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US?
acesulfame-K, neotame, and aspartame
Fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine leads to the production of
acids and gases
Monosaccharides generally follow an .. absorption process
active
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ... acides and methanol
amino
Name the highly branched type of starch that comprises about 80% of digestible starch in the diet
amlopectin
When a person consumes fiber, inadequate fluid intake can lead to which of the following
blockages in the intestine
Which type of fiber is an undigestible, nonfermentable, straight-chain polysaccharide made of glucose molecules
cellulose
Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?
cellulose, amylose, and amylopectin
Which of the following is another term for glucose?
dextrose
Amylase is an
enzyme
A diet excessive in .. may decrease the absorption of essential minerals such as iron and zinc.
fiber
Most dietary .. are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest
fibers
What is the term used for fiber that does not appear naturally in foods but is added to foods?
functional fiber
In the liver, galactose is either transformed in ... (a monosaccharide) or further metabolized into ... (a polysaccharide)
glucose and glycogen
What is the technical term for high blood sugar?
hyperglycemia
Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called
insoluble fiber
decreases blood glucose
insulin
Acesulfame-K is a useful alternative sweetener because
it is heat-stable and can be used in baking and does not cause dental carries
Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of ... (a disaccharide)
lactose
chronically decreased production of lactase resulting in sever abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of even small amounts of lactose
lactose intolerance
..., or malt sugar, has two glucose molecules bonded together
maltose
What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together?
maltose
is a disaccharide important in the formation of alcoholic beverages
maltose
What is a fiber that is not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria called?
nonfermentable fiber
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many glucose units together?
polysaccharides
About 75% of the world's population has .. lactose maldigestion, which results from a normal and gradual decline in lactase production with age
primary
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest
starch
Which of the following are common food sources of amylose
vegetables, beans, and breads
Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber?
whole and cut up
What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?
45-65%
This alternative sweetener is heat stable, can be used as a tabletop sweetener or in cooking applications. It is 7000 t0 13000 times sweeter than table sugar.
Neotame
Is milk a natural source of sucrose?
No
Which of the following alternative sweeteners was once believed to cause bladder cancer but since has been proven safe?
Saccharin
Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, .. is digested more rapidly than ...
amylopectin; amylose
Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch
amylose
Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?
aspartame
Which alternative sweetener is about 200 times sweeter than sucrose and does not cause tooth decay?
aspartame
ketosis is the condition of having high concentration of ketone bodies in the
bloodstream
Dairy products provide key nutrients responsible for many health benefits, especially improved ... health
bone
What is the risk of not eating lactose-containing foods?
calcium deficiency
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ..
fructose
Nutritionally similar to table sugar, honey contains
fructose and glucose
increases blood glucose
glucagon
... is also known as dextrose or blood sugar
glucose
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
glucose
The form of carbohydrate circulating in the blood that is used for immediate energy is called... . This can be stored in the liver or muscle for later use in the form of ..
glucose and glycogen
Swelling of a large vein in the anal region
hemorrhoid
Which of the following may occur as a result of excessive straining during defecation?
hemorrhoids and diverticula
Which of the following is a type of simple sugar?
monosaccharide
Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin?
mouth
Glycogen is stored in the liver and...
muscles
Fiber is considered a
polysaccharide
In which part of the GI tract does absorption of carbohydrates begin?
small intestine
Lactase is produced by the cells of the
small intestine
Where is the lactase enzyme produced?
small intestine
Which type of fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine?
soluble fiber
What are some natural food sources of sucrose?
maple sugar and sugar beets
Monosaccharides are absorbed into intestinal cells and then enter the
portal vein for transport to the liver
Chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
primary lactose maldigestion
Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
secondary lactose maldigestion
What kind of fiber is readily fermented by bacteria in the large intestine?
soluble
What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?
Acceptable Daily Intake
Which populations are likely to have decreased lactose digestion?
Asian americans, latino and African americans
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
Fructose
Sugar alcohols are used in
1. candy 2. breath mints 3. gum
A high fiber diet is helpful to weight management because
1. its bulk contributes to satiety 2. it provides few calories
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults?
130 grams per day
What percentage of North Americans show signs of lactose maldigestion?
25%
According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide...% to...% of total calories in diet
45 to 65
Which of the following blood glucose measurements indicates hypoglycemia?
47
If no carbohydrates are consumed, the liver's supply of ... will be depleted with 18 hours
glycogen