Nutrition Chapter 5: Lipids

body cells make about 875 mg of this lipid per day

cholesterol

forms part of the active vitamin D hormone

cholesterol

carries absorbed liquids from the SI to body cells

chylomicron

Omega-3 fatty acids tend to _________ blood clotting.

decrease

Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may ________ circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.

decrease

Poultry, eggs, cheese and yogurt

moderate portions daily to weekly

minor fat digestion by salivary lipase

mouth

A fatty acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds is called a(n) _______________ and tends to be ______ at room temperature

saturated fatty acid, solid

When manufacturers process liquid oil to form solid fats like margarine or shortening, the end product contains ______________.

trans fatty acids

can be broken down to yield ~9 kcal/ gram

triglycerides

primary storage form of fat in adipose tissue

triglycerides

A fatty acid that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds is called a(n) _________ and tends to be __________ at room temperature.

unsaturated fatty acid, liquid

Is it necessary for Jackie to drastically lower her fat intake to achieve heart health?

no

Fish and seafood

often, at least 2x per week

secretes pancreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion

pancreas

acts as an emulsifier in fat digestion and absorption

phospholipids

important component of cell membranes due to its hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

phospholipids

Meats and sweets

consume less often

Fish oil capsules are associated with a(n) _________ in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and some behavioral disorders and cases of mild depression.

decrease

Omega-3 fatty acids also ___________ inflammation in the body.

decrease

Trans fatty acids, also called hydrogenated fats, are found in foods like________________.

doughnuts and french fries

There are certain unsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet; these are called ____________ and they are found in foods like fatty fish, canola, and soybean oil.

essential fatty acids

Alma is interested in boosting her intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that may be important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the highest source of EPA and DHA?

fatty fish

Omega-6 fatty acids _______ clotting and _______ inflammation in the body.

increase, increase

secretes bile to emulsify fats

liver

Regular intake of fish provides a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. Which of the following are health effects of omega-3 fatty acids? Check all that apply. Decreased inflammation Decreased inflammation Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood clotting Decreased blood clotting Decreased HDL

Decreased HDL Decreased blood pressure

arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to body cells

LDL

Site of most fat digestion and absorption

SI

Unsaturated fats

These fats decrease blood levels of cholesterol and are liquid at room temp

Saturated fats

These fats increase blood levels of cholesterol and are solid at room temp

carries mostly triglycerides taken up from the bloodstream by the liver as well as any fat made by the liver, to body cells

VLDL

Plant based foods

base every meal on these foods

minor fat digestion by gastric lipase

stomach

Highest to lowest fat content

Fried chicken breast w/ skin Roasted chicken breast w/ skin Friend chicken breast w/o skin

arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to liver for excretion

HDL

Click to select all of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. total blood cholesterol =176 mg/dL HDL = 31 mg/dL Sedentary lifestyle blood triglycerides = 130 mg/dL Total blood cholesterol: HDL ratio 3:1 BMI = 22.5 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes father had a heart attack at age 48

HDL = 31 mg/dL Sedentary lifestyle diagnosed with type 2 diabetes father had a heart attack at age 48

Click to select the food choices Jackie could use to incorporate fat into her heart-healthy diet.

Make a sandwich with turkey, tomato, and sliced avocado for lunch After classes, make a snack of sliced apples with almond butter Pack a snack of walnuts and dried fruits to carry in her backpack