Nutrition Chapter 5: Lipids
body cells make about 875 mg of this lipid per day
cholesterol
forms part of the active vitamin D hormone
cholesterol
carries absorbed liquids from the SI to body cells
chylomicron
Omega-3 fatty acids tend to _________ blood clotting.
decrease
Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement may ________ circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.
decrease
Poultry, eggs, cheese and yogurt
moderate portions daily to weekly
minor fat digestion by salivary lipase
mouth
A fatty acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds is called a(n) _______________ and tends to be ______ at room temperature
saturated fatty acid, solid
When manufacturers process liquid oil to form solid fats like margarine or shortening, the end product contains ______________.
trans fatty acids
can be broken down to yield ~9 kcal/ gram
triglycerides
primary storage form of fat in adipose tissue
triglycerides
A fatty acid that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds is called a(n) _________ and tends to be __________ at room temperature.
unsaturated fatty acid, liquid
Is it necessary for Jackie to drastically lower her fat intake to achieve heart health?
no
Fish and seafood
often, at least 2x per week
secretes pancreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion
pancreas
acts as an emulsifier in fat digestion and absorption
phospholipids
important component of cell membranes due to its hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
phospholipids
Meats and sweets
consume less often
Fish oil capsules are associated with a(n) _________ in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and some behavioral disorders and cases of mild depression.
decrease
Omega-3 fatty acids also ___________ inflammation in the body.
decrease
Trans fatty acids, also called hydrogenated fats, are found in foods like________________.
doughnuts and french fries
There are certain unsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet; these are called ____________ and they are found in foods like fatty fish, canola, and soybean oil.
essential fatty acids
Alma is interested in boosting her intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two fatty acids that may be important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the highest source of EPA and DHA?
fatty fish
Omega-6 fatty acids _______ clotting and _______ inflammation in the body.
increase, increase
secretes bile to emulsify fats
liver
Regular intake of fish provides a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. Which of the following are health effects of omega-3 fatty acids? Check all that apply. Decreased inflammation Decreased inflammation Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood pressure Decreased blood clotting Decreased blood clotting Decreased HDL
Decreased HDL Decreased blood pressure
arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to body cells
LDL
Site of most fat digestion and absorption
SI
Unsaturated fats
These fats decrease blood levels of cholesterol and are liquid at room temp
Saturated fats
These fats increase blood levels of cholesterol and are solid at room temp
carries mostly triglycerides taken up from the bloodstream by the liver as well as any fat made by the liver, to body cells
VLDL
Plant based foods
base every meal on these foods
minor fat digestion by gastric lipase
stomach
Highest to lowest fat content
Fried chicken breast w/ skin Roasted chicken breast w/ skin Friend chicken breast w/o skin
arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to liver for excretion
HDL
Click to select all of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. total blood cholesterol =176 mg/dL HDL = 31 mg/dL Sedentary lifestyle blood triglycerides = 130 mg/dL Total blood cholesterol: HDL ratio 3:1 BMI = 22.5 diagnosed with type 2 diabetes father had a heart attack at age 48
HDL = 31 mg/dL Sedentary lifestyle diagnosed with type 2 diabetes father had a heart attack at age 48
Click to select the food choices Jackie could use to incorporate fat into her heart-healthy diet.
Make a sandwich with turkey, tomato, and sliced avocado for lunch After classes, make a snack of sliced apples with almond butter Pack a snack of walnuts and dried fruits to carry in her backpack