Nutrition Chapter 5

The Adequate Intakes for dietary fiber are ____ g/day.

25 to 38

Lactose

Disaccharide comprised of glucose and a galactose molecule; "milk sugar"

_____ is the polysaccharide found in the muscles and liver of living animals.

Glycogen

Syndrome

Group of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a specific health problem.

Tabatha consumes more carbohydrates than she needs. Her body's stores of glycogen are full. According to this information, what will happen to the excess carbohydrates in her body?

Her body can convert the excess carbohydrate to fat and store it in the body.

_____ is the enzyme that breaks down the carbohydrate in milk.

Lactase

Which of the following enzymes breaks down starch in the small intestine?

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch in the small intestine

According to MyPlate, added sugars are grouped with which food group?

Solid Fats

according to Sam's physician, his LDL cholesterol level is too high. To help lower his LDL cholesterol, Sam can add foods that contain _____ fiber to his diet.

Soluble: To help lower his LDL cholesterol, Sam can eat more foods that contain soluble fiber to his diet. Legumes, oats, and barley are all rich sources of soluble fiber.

Nutritive Sweeteners

Substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods.

Which of the following artificial sweeteners is actually made from sugar

Sucralose

Disaccharide

simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides

People may reduce their risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.

true

Hyperglycemia

abnormally high blood glucose level

The typical American diet supplies about 70% of total energy from carbohydrates.

false: The typical American diet supplies about 50% of total energy from carbohydrates.

In the human body, certain cells can store excess carbohydrate as

glycogen

Glycogenolysis

glycogen breakdown

Diabetes Mellitus

group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Epinephrine

hormone produced by adrenal glands; also called adrenalin

lactose

is a disaccharide

The artificial sweetener sucralose

is sold under the brand name splenda

ketones

A) can form when cells metabolize fat for energy. B) are an energy source for muscle and brain cells. C) often result when carbohydrate metabolism is impaired.

Complex Carbohydrates - polysaccharides

Compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together.

After you eat a meal, the pancreas secretes glucagon, a hormone that signals your body to store energy

False: After a meal the pancreas secretes insulin, the hormone that signals cells to store energy. The pancreas secretes glucagon when blood glucose levels start to drop. Glucagon stimulates cells to release stored energy.

Which of the following conditions are signs of metabolic syndrome

High blood glucose, large waist circumference, high triglycerides

Glucagon

Hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

Diverticula

abnormal tiny sacs that form in wall of the colon

A person who has phyenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid the artificial sweetener

aspartame

Metabolic Syndrome

condition that increases risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD

Maltose

disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecues - MALT Sugar

Pancreatic Amylase

enzyme secreted by pancreas that breaks down starch into maltose molecules

Salivary amylase

enzyme secreted by salivary glands that begins starch digestion.

Lactase

enzyme that splits lactose molecule

Sucrase

enzyme that splits sucrose molecule

According to results of scientific studies, artificial sweeteners increase risk of bladder cancer in humans

false: Results of scientific studies do not indicate artificial sweeteners increase risk of bladder cancer in humans.

Lipolysis

fat breakdown

Soluble fiber

forms of dietary fiber that dissolve or swell in water.

Insoluble fiber

forms of dietary fiber that generally do not dissolve in water.

Honey naturally contains high amounts of

fructose

Rebiana?

gives sweetness to the Stevia shrub.

Which of the following simple sugars is a component of lactose, maltose, and sucrose?

glucose

Nonnutritive Sweeteners

group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar.

Insulin

hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels.

Which of the following conditions is not a common sign or symptom of type 1 diabetes

hyperactivity

Lactose intolerance

inability to digest lactose properly

Dietary fiber

indigestible plant material, most types are polysaccharides

Monosaccharide

simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates

Added Sugars

sugars added to foods during processing or preparation

Children under the age of 12 months should not be fed honey because of the risk for infantile botulism

true: Children under the age of 12 months should not be fed honey because of the risk for botulism

Most Americans consume excessive amounts of dietary fiber.

true; Forms of dietary fiber are classified as either soluble or insoluble in water.

Which form of diabetes is more common in overweight or obese individuals?

type 2

Eating a diet rich in whole grain foods may help prevent and/or relieve constipation.

yes - true Eating a diet rich in whole grain foods may help prevent and/or relieve constipation.

Sucrose

disaccharide comprrised of a glucose and a fructose molecule; table sugar.

Fruits, honey, and certain vegetables are natural sources of fructose.

true

Marcus's usual diet provides 2400 kcal daily. To obtain 55% of his energy intake from carbohydrates, how many grams of carbohydrates should he consume per day?

330 g Formula: To obtain 55% of his calories per day from carbohydrates, he should consume 330 grams of carbohydrates daily. Multiply 2400 by 0.55 (55%) to obtain 1320 kcal from carbohydrates. Divide 1320 kcal by 4 kcal/g to obtain the answer330 g/day.

A 12-ounce serving of a sugar-sweetened soft drink supplies approximately ____ teaspoons of added sugar.

8

Dan's waist circumference is 38 inches, therefore, he has a higher risk of metabolic syndrome than his girlfriend Betty, who also has a waist circumference of 38 inches.

False: Dan's waist circumference is less than 40 inches, so he has a lower risk of metabolic syndrome than a woman who has a waist circumference of 38 inches. A healthy waist circumference for a woman is less than or equal to 35 inches; a healthy waist circumference for a man is less than or equal to 40 inches.

Diets rich in sweets have been shown to be a major cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children

False: The cause of ADHD is unclear, but genetic and environmental factors seem to contribute to the disorder. Research has found that diets rich in sweets do not cause ADHD.

It has been several hours since Adrienne has had anything to eat. In response to the lack of food, her pancreas secretes _____ to increase her blood glucose level.

Glucagon: Adrienne's pancreas secretes glucagon in response to the lack of food. This hormone increases blood glucose levels. Her pancreas secretes insulin after a meal to signal cells to store macronutrient

Fructose

Monosaccharide in fruit, honey and certain vegtables; levulose or fruit sugar.

Galactose

Monosaccharide that is a component of lactose

Glucose

Monosaccharide that is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells; dextrose and or blood sugar

Ketone bodies

chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown.

Carbohydrates

class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body.

Glycogen

storage polysaccharide in animals

starch

storage polysaccharide in plants

Alternative Sweeteners

substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kiilcalories

The chemical name for table sugar is

sucrose.

An 8-ounce serving of 100% orange juice and an 8-ounce serving of a cola-type soft drink sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup supply about the same amount of sugar.

yes - true

Corn is a good source of starch.

yes - true

Lactose is the disaccharide in milk.

yes - true

Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5% to10% of diabetes mellitus cases in the United States. Persons with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of heart disease and kidney failure than people who do not have the disease.

yes - true

A person suffering from lactose-intolerance can usually consume _____ without experiencing intestinal discomfort.

yogurt