Nutrition Chpt 1

How many calories are in a kilocalorie?

1,000

How many kilocalories are provided from a food containing 4 grams of protein?

16

what percentage of the body's total weight is water?

50-70%

If a peach supplies 60,000 calories, it supplies _______ kilocalories.

60 kcal

How many calories are in one serving of a hypothetical food containing 10 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of fat, and 3 grams of protein?

97 kcal

Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense? Coca-Cola Candy Bar Baked Potato Vegetarian Pizza

Baked Potato Vegetarian Pizza

Which vitamin has the role of maintaining collagen?

C

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense? Fat-free milk Coca-Cola Coffee

Fat-free milk

Where is the best place to receive expert advice on nutrition?

RDN

Who is responsible for revising the Health People Report every 10 years?

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Choose examples of biological and physiological factors that influence food choices. age ability to perceive external sensory information ability to perceive internal sensory information past experiences, cultural practices, and religion

age ability to perceive external sensory info ability to perceive internal sensory info

stimulant effect found in cocoa, coffee, and tea

alkaloids: caffeine

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? margarine chicken tuna blueberries

blueberries

A small apple supplies approximately 40,000

calories

nutrients is NOT involved in cellular development?

carbs

orange, red, and yellow fruits and veggies that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration

carotenoids: beta-carotene

How is a disease classified when a disease takes many years to develop and has complex causes?

chronic

Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ________ factors influencing eating habits.

cognitive

A child that eats macaroni and cheese for lunch and then vomits 2 hours later learns to dislike macaroni and cheese even though the macaroni and cheese did not cause the vomiting. This is an example of _____ influencing food choices.

cognitive and psychological factors

Certain ______ diseases can be cured by eating specific nutrients, but diet is just one aspect that influences health.

deficiency

Calories are measured through a process known as ______.

direct calorimetry

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) ____________ nutrient

essential

Alpha-linolenic, folate, iron, and glucose are all

essential nutrients

True or false: Nutrient adequacy is the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally.

false

Choose the nutrients that are considered essential. glucose linoleic acid alanine, glutamine, glycine water

glucose linoleic acid water

leading cause of death in America in 2017

heart disease

Which of the following diseases would be considered chronic? heart disease influenza cancer

heart disease cancer

The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius.

kilocalorie

A nutritionally balanced diet with nutrient-dense foods should ________ empty-calorie items.

limit

Which lipids are considered essential?

linoleic acid alpha-linolenic acid

is a state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished.

malnutrition

The term used to describe the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount is a

megadose

nutrients that do not provide energy to the body

minerals vitamins water

the study of how the body utilizes nutrients

nutrition

compound in onions that may improve immune system functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease

organosulfides: isothiocyanates

antioxidant activities from fruits, vegetables, and red wine may inhibit cancer growth and reduce heart risk disease

phenolics: quercetin

What is the term for a compound made by plants but not considered a nutrient?

phyochemical

Lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes _____.

physical activity diet

a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.

risk factor

Nutrient-dense foods have little or no _____.

sodium refined starches added sugars solid fats

An essential nutrient must be supplied by food because ______.

the body does not make enough of the nutrient to meet its needs and the body does not make the nutrient

What type of training has a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) completed?

trained in dietetics college trained with extensive knowledge in foods/nutrition

True or false: A gram of protein contains 4 kilocalories.

true

True or false: Your lifestyle may increase or reduce your chance of developing a chronic disease.

true

Which of the following are most likely to be taken as a dietary supplement?

vitamin mineral amino acid herb

Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

water

most essential nutrient

water

Women have less ______________ than men, and more _________

water; protein fat

pain-relieving properties found in chili peppers

capasaicinoids: capasaicin

What term describes the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally?

physiological dose

All of the following are macronutrients except ______.

vitamins lipids protein carbs

A person can only survive a few days without...

water

The body gets nutrients from...

food

Select the steps that are required to become a registered dietitian nutritionist. -Complete a fellowship in clinical nutrition -Earn (at a minimum) a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics -Complete extensive supervised practice hours -Pass a national registration exam

earn a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics complete extensive supervised practice hours pass a national registration exam

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as _____.

foods

functions of vitamin C.

produce scar tissue, maintains collagen, and holds cells of blood vessels together

used when measuring caloric content of a food through direct calorimetry.

bomb calorimeter

The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

calorie

Currently, the FDA ______ regulate dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications.

does not

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of

fruits

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense? raw apples strawberries peanut butter spinach

peanut butter

The taste, smell, and texture of foods and the internal sensations of hunger and thirst are ______ factors that influence food selections.

biological and physiological

Poor eating habits contribute to the leading causes of death to Americans. The top two leading causes of death to Americans are _____.

heart disease and cancer

What term describes a food or beverage that has more vitamins and minerals in relation to its energy value?

nutrient dense

The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 states that

nutrient supplements are classified as foods

Nutrition is the scientific study of....

nutrients

the life-sustaining substances in food

nutrients

A substance, such as carbon and oxygen, that cannot be separated into simpler substances is a(n)

element

A food that contains a large percentage of its calories from sugar, fat, and/or alcohol in relation to its content of micronutrients is considered a(n)

empty-calorie food

Foods that contain a high water content tend to be low in ______.

energy

The amount of energy (kcal) a food provides per given weight (grams) of the food is called

energy density

Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?

fat

Which of the following are considered macronutrients? fats carbs vitamins protein

fats carbs protein

Which of the following is NOT a way that manufacturers target consumers? utilizing means of media advertising product placement in the supermarkets organization of nutrition label info food packaging of product

organization of nutrition label info

Select the ways grocery stores market their products. positioning on shelves end of isle displays time of day products are placed on shelves selection of flooring material

positioning on shelves end of isle displays selection of flooring material

Macronutrients and alcohol supply the body with energy in the form of ______.

calories